Bakhchsarai ciav hlau: tus qauv tsim ua dej los yog lub cim ntawm romanticism?

Tus ciav Bakhchsarai, los yog, raws li nws kuj hu ua "qhov ciav kua muag", raug tsim los ntawm tus kws kho vajtsev Persian, xyoo 1764 los ua cov tuam tsev zoo nkauj rau cov neeg muaj zog. Nws nyuab hais tias yog vim li cas ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm Shiite Iran coj mus ua hauj lwm rau ib qho ntawm cov Turkish satellites - lub Crimean Khan. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias lub siab phem ntawm Turkey thiab Iran (Persia) tsis tsuas nom tswv, tab sis kuj ideological keeb kwm. Tus txiav txim siab Shia ceg ntawm Islam hauv Iran muaj qee qhov theological sib txawv ntawm Sunnism txais yuav nyob rau hauv Ottoman Ottoman thiab nws cov phoojywg thiab cov ntsiab lus. Kev tshaj tawm txhua lwm yam heretics, ob lub xeev waged kawg kev tsov kev rog txij thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua rau xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, txij li plaub ntawm lub xyoo pua, ib lub xyoo dhau los ntawm xya caum tsib xyoo. Tej zaum, siv nws, nto moo Persian kws kho tsheb mus rau Crimea thiab los ua ib tug "qhua neeg ua hauj lwm", tsim ib qho txuj ci me me - Bakhchsarai tug ciav.

Bakhchisaray, tam sim no Crimean regional center nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm, yog lub peev ntawm lub Crimean Khanate, yuav coj ib tug ntau ntawm teeb meem rau lawv sab qaum teb cov neeg nyob ze - Russia, Ukraine thiab lub tebchaws no. Krymchaks kuj tau raided thaj av ntawm Caucasus.

Nyob rau hauv Bakhchisarai yog qhov chaw nyob ntawm Crimean Khan - lub palace zoo nkauj tshaj plaws, niaj hnub no teev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov kab lis kev cai monuments ntawm universal tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev rau siab mus muab tso rau hauv lub hauv av lawv lub tswv yim ntawm lub vaj kaj siab, Muslim architects tsim "Palace vaj txiv" (raws li txhais los ntawm lub Crimean Tatar lus lub npe ntawm lub nroog Bakhchisaray). Thiab lub nroog nws tus kheej tshuav nws cov tsos mus rau thaum pib ntawm kev tsim ntawm lub palace. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua ntawm lub xyoo Crimean khan seemed ze rau nws ces-tam sim no tus nqi, nws txiav txim siab los tsim ib tug tshiab.

Nyob rau hauv khan lub palace muaj ob tug ciav. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog hu ua "golden" vim hais tias ntawm lub kub plating ntawm lub qhia txog yam tshiab uas symbolizes lub vaj Edee. Qhov thib ob tau raug hu ua "qhov ciav kua muag" vim yog cov lus dab neeg uas Pushkin hnov txog nws qhov kev mus ua Crimea. Raws li Legend, ib qho ntawm cov poj niam ntawm khan poisoned lwm, uas tus kav ntawm Crimea yog ntau txhawb. Kev chim siab txog qhov poob, Khan tau tsim kom muaj ib qho "ciav kua muag." Ua tsaug rau Pushkin lub peev xwm, zaj dab neeg no tau hloov mus ua ib txoj haujlwm zoo uas piav txog qhov tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov neeg Asmeskas Georgian Zarema thiab Lithuanian Lithuanians, uas tau xaus nrog txoj kev tuag tom qab.

"Tug Cuam Tawm" tau txais lub npe "Bakhchisarai Tug Caw" los ntawm lub npe ntawm zaj paj lug. Thaum Pushkin tau mus xyuas Bakhchisarai, nws muaj tsawg tshaj li nees nkaum, hnub nyoog yawg tshaj plaws. Xav tias Alexander Sergeevich tseem yog ib tug kws sau paj huam, uas yog, ib tus neeg xav romanticist doubly, zaj dab neeg nws hnov yuav tsis plam nws, nws yuav tsis pab tau tsim ib zaj paj huam txog Bakhchisarai tug ciav! Pushkin tau sau qhov hauj lwm me me no ob xyoos. Nws kawm tiav hauv xyoo 1823, thiab xyoo 1824, nws pom qhov kaj.

Kuv yuav tsum hais tias cov architecture, lub Bakhchisarai ciav hlau tsis sawv cev rau txhua yam thawj, kev sau ntawm hom no yog thoob plaws hauv ntiaj teb Muslim. Lub npe nrov painting Karla Bryullova, sau nyob rau hauv tus ntawm Pushkin paj huam, muab ib tug kiag li tsis ncaj ncees lawm lub tswv yim ntawm cov duab ntawm qhov dej txhawv, uas nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag yog zoo li hais tias nyob rau hauv cov raug tsim ntawm tus kais.

Tab sis qhov ntawd yog lub hwj chim ntawm tus xib hwb! Tsis yog vim li cas thiaj muaj lub npe ntawm lub npe "tus creator ntawm cov lus Askiv niaj hnub", nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, yog Pushkin xwb! Bakhchisarai ciav hlau, ua tsaug rau cov ntse heev ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub tiaj ua si architecture, los ua ib lub cim ntawm romanticism.