Balakirev Mily Alexeyevich Lavxias teb sab composer, lub taub hau ntawm lub "Mighty puv tes": biography, creativity

Qhov loj tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab composer Balakirev Miliy Alekseevich, uas nws tej hauj lwm tseem tsis tau poob nws qhov tseeb, yog paub xwb tsis rau nws koj muaj tswv yim ua hauj lwm, tab sis kuj raws li tus tsim thiab inspirer ntawm tag nrho cov hoob kawm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab paj nruag.

Childhood thiab Tsev Neeg

Chaw yug ntawm composer Lub ib hlis ntuj 2, 1837 nyob rau hauv Nizhny Novgorod. Nws txiv, Balakirev Aleksey Konstantinovich yog titular councilor noble keeb kwm, niam koom cov me nyuam. Family tuav tsoos ntseeg txoj kev ntseeg, thiab tus tub loj hlob heev kev cai dab qhuas, txawm hais lus tso dag rau nws lub tsev, hu "lub neej yav tom ntej tus npis sov." Txoj kev ntseeg thoob plaws hauv lawv lub neej nyob twj ywm ib tug tseem ceeb lub npe rau Balakirev. Los ntawm ib tug thaum ntxov lub hnub nyoog cov me nyuam tsom suab paj nruas muaj peev xwm, thiab kuv niam pom nws.

Tus thawj cov suab paj nruas yaam puab paub

Twb 6-7 xyoo Balakirev Mily Alexeyevich nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov niam pib kawm mus ua si qhov piano, uas qhia tseem ceeb kev kawm. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav muab nws tus tub tus zoo tshaj plaws kev txawj ntse, niam yuav siv sij hawm nws rau Moscow. Muaj nws muaj ib tug luv luv chav kawm ntawm piano txheej txheem ntawm lub npe nrov composer thiab xib fwb Aleksandra Dyubyuka. Ces nyob rau hauv tsev, nws tseem los tsim ib lub cuab tam nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm ib lub zos pianist thiab neeg xyuas pib K. Eyzeriha. Uas tshuab raj ua tswvcuab Balakirev thiab Alexander Dmitrievich Ulybysheva, patron ntawm cov kawm Askiv, ib tug pib xyaum ua tshuab raj, kawm, uas tau ua si ib qho tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm lub composer. Nws lub tsev yog hais txog ib tug ci ntsa iab thoob lub ntiaj teb ntawm lub zos xav, sau ntawv, musicians, concerts tau tuav los sib tham txog cov teeb meem ntawm cov kos duab. Ntawm no nws tso lub hauv paus ntawm lub aesthetic outlook ntawm Balakirev.

kev kawm

Leej niam ntawm tus yav tom ntej composer tuag thaum ntxov, nws muab tso rau ib tug xaus rau systematic cov kev tshawb fawb Balakirev music. Tom qab ntawd, nws tus txiv sib yuav dua, nws cov nyiaj hli nyuam qhuav txaus mus nyob rau ib tug loj tsev neeg, cov nyiaj them ntawm txoj kev tshawb no peb yuav tsis mus. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 12, tus tub hluas twb raug xa mus rau lub Nizhny Novgorod nom tswv cajceg lub koom haum, qhov uas nws tau txais kev kawm ntawv nyob rau cov nuj nqis ntawm lub zos nom tswv cajceg. Plaub lub xyoos tom qab nws tau txais ib tug volunteer nyob rau lub University of Kazan nyob rau hauv lub Mathematics Department, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm mus prouchitsya cia li ib lub xyoo, cov nyiaj rau ntxiv kev kawm ntawv nws muaj, nws yog mus khwv tau lawv nyob los ntawm kev muab suab paj nruag. Thaum lub sij hawm nws kev tshawb fawb, Balakirev Miliy Alekseevich sau thawj cov suab paj nruas tej hauj lwm: zaj nkauj, piano daim.

hu

Pom cov cuab txuj ci ntawm tus tub hluas, Ulybyshev nyob rau hauv 1855 yuav siv sij hawm nws rau St. Petersburg, qhov uas nws tau ntsib nrog Lavxias teb sab composer Mikhail Glinka.

Balakirev Mily Alexeyevich, lub suab paj nruag rau cov uas tau ua ib qho tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm lub neej, tsom lawv tej hauj lwm maitre thiab tau txais heev qhuas thiab pom zoo dlhau nws lub neej rau composing music. Ib xyoo tom qab, aspiring sau pib rau cov pej xeem nws thawj daim ntawm cov suab paj nruag, raws li zoo raws li nws debut raws li ib tug pianist thiab neeg xyuas pib nyob rau hauv qhov kev kawm ntawm nws kev hais kwv txhiaj allegro rau Piano thiab Orchestra. Qhov no ua tau zoo tau raug heev favorably tau txais los ntawm critics thiab cov pej xeem, Balakirev raug caw rau ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv muaj nyiaj tsev, nws tau pab kom daws tau qhov teeb meem nyiaj txiag ntawm lub composer, tab sis siv ib tug ntau lub sij hawm. Tshuab raj ib zaug hais tias ntawm nws tus kheej raws li tus creator ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws motives tau ua nws trademark.

Txoj kev mus rau lub profession

Balakirev Miliy Alekseevich, uas nws ua hauj lwm yog muaj nyob rau hauv tej chaw, thaum ua ib tug active kev hais kwv txhiaj lub sij hawm, rotates nyob rau hauv secular voj voog. Tab sis nws yuav siv sij hawm nws ntau dhau heev lawm lub sij hawm thiab kev rau siab, thiab nws pom nws lub hom phiaj ntawm composing music thiab kis tshaj lub tswv yim. Nws thiaj li tus naj npawb ntawm kev pab, txawm hais tias nws adversely muaj feem xyuam rau nws nyiaj txiag txoj hauj lwm, thiab txiav txim siab mus devote nws tus kheej rau suab paj nruag thiab enlightenment.

Balakirev thiab "Mighty puv tes"

Nyob rau hauv lub lig 50-ies ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua Balakirev txuas nrog ib tug xov tooj ntawm musicians: A. S. Dargomyzhskim, V. V. Stasovym, A. N. Serovym. Yog li yog tsim ib lub voj voog, uas yuav ua paub ua tus "muaj hwjchim puv tes". Muaj ntau ntawm UFW tham txog txoj hmoo ntawm lub teb chaws music, sib tham txog lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Thaum lub sij hawm, cov pab pawg neeg tuaj koom lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws composers ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Borodin, Mussorgsky, Cui Ts. Balakirev pom nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm cov tub hluas uas los saum ntuj lub teeb music pab lawv los tsim ib tug khoom plig, mus tsim lawv tus kheej cov suab paj nruas style. Ib tug tau txais lub zog pab neeg ntawm cov sau phau ntawv, txhua tus uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej txoj kev, tab sis lawv collectively pab txhua lwm yam mus rau tsim ib tug tib lub teb chaws style.

Cov pab pawg neeg txawj ntau sib txuas lus nrog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub tswv yim intelligentsia ntawm nws lub sij hawm nrog lub critics Turgenev, A. Grigorovich, Pisemsky A., I. Repin. Close thiab complex kev sib raug zoo tsim nrog lub composers P. I. Chaykovskim, nyob rau hauv uas lub "Mighty puv tes" muaj ib tug muaj zog cawv. Musicians nyob active nyob rau hauv cov qib ntawm haiv neeg lub tswv yim nyob rau hauv kos duab, uas yog avant-garde lo lus uas peb Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai.

Los ntawm 70 th xyoo lub band tsoo, tab sis nws lub tswv yim txuas ntxiv mus nyob thiab tsim. "Mighty puv tes" tshuav ib tug tseem ceeb tus cim rau lub Lavxias teb sab music, nws cov cawv nyob lees paub tias A. Liadov, Arensky, S. Lyapunov, Ippolitov-Ivanov, txawm nyob rau hauv lub Fabkis suab paj nruas kab lis kev cai muaj yog ib tug zoo-paub "rau" los ntawm Erik Satie thiab Zhana Kokto, rov qab ua dua txoj kev ntawm lub "Mighty handful".

Educational kev ua si

Miliy Alekseevich Balakirev, uas nws biography yog mus ib txhis txuas nrog suab paj nruag, ua ib tug zoo pab mus rau tsim ntawm lub teb chaws lub tsev kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv 1862, ua ke nrog G. Lomakin, neeg xyuas pib ntawm lub hu nkauj ua ke Balakirev tsim ib tug free music tsev kawm ntawv, uas ua qhov chaw ntawm kev kawm ntawv, nce qib ntawm national art thiab cov thawj qhov chaw ntawm loj suab paj nruas kev kawm ntawv.

Tus huab tais txhawb cov teg num ntawm musicians, li ntawd, lub organizers muaj lub sij hawm los tsim ib tug cua daj cua dub ntawm kev ua si. Lawv ncaav concerts ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm, coj mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm tag nrho cov uas muaj peev xwm, tab sis nws yuav tsis tau them tus nqi. Lub tsev kawm ntawv qhia pob ntseg kev kawm, suab paj nruas ntsuas thiab suab. Balakirev yog tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov neeg xyuas pib ntawm kev hais kwv txhiaj. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov 80-ies ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo, lub tsev kawm ntawv yog ib tug mob txaus ntawm nyiaj txiag, uas coj mus rau ib tug tseem ceeb yuav txo tau nyob rau hauv nws cov kev ua si. Balakirev thaum mus txog ib tug loj heev teeb meem, nws txawm tawm hauv lub post ntawm tus thawj coj ib pliag.

Tab sis nyob rau hauv 1881 nws rov qab mus rau tus ncej ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm cov nyiam tus me nyuam thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv tseem muaj kev ntseeg mus txog thaum kawg. Nyob rau hauv 1883, Balakirev nyob rau hauv lub patronage ntawm TI Filippova yog Managing Court Chapel, qhov twg nws muaj quas thiab pab tau pedagogical txuj ci. Nws pab txoj kev qhia system nyob rau hauv lub Chapel, tej kev tivthaiv nyob rau hauv lub kawm, caw qhia Rimsky-Korsakov, npaaj orchestra chav kawm ntawv, zoo heev pab txoj kev zoo ntawm lub neej ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm, nws yuav ua ib lub tsev tshiab ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Nyob rau hauv 1894 nws sab laug lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm coj noj coj ua thiab retires nrog ib tug khoom nyiaj ntsuab collateral, txij li thaum uas lub sij hawm nws yuav devote nws tus kheej rau kev sau ntawv.

Suab paj nruas hauj lwm

Balakirev Mily Alexeyevich tag nrho nws lub neej koom nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag, nws cov hauj lwm pib nrog lub sau ntawv ntawm cov thawj pib xyaum ua nkauj thiab piano daim. Kev ua ub no composer pib ntau tus los ntawm Mikhail Glinka, leej twg ua si ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm ib tug tshuab raj. Nyob rau hauv 1866, Glinka, Balakirev caw yuav ua rau zus tau tej cov opera "Ruslan thiab Lyudmila" thiab "Lub neej rau lub Tsar" nyob rau hauv ib tug Prague ua yeeb yam. Tshuab raj tsom zoo ua si thiab tsom nws xyuas pib lub txuj ci nyob rau hauv no ua hauj lwm, uas yog ib tug zoo zoo thiab pab mus rau strengthening ntawm Balakirev txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag lub ntiaj teb no.

Nyob rau hauv 1860, lub composer mus raws Volga, uas sau zaj nkauj ntawm cov boatmen, uas tom qab coj zoo nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag sau, cia peb ua ib tug ntau ntawm cov suab nrov nyob rau hauv peb kab lis kev cai. Nyob rau hauv 1862, 1863 thiab 1868-m xyoo nws yuav mus rau lub Caucasus, los ntawm lub impressions uas tau cuam tshuam rau kev ua hauj lwm ntawm lub tshuab raj. Tsis ntev, qhov composer caw rau kev concerts ntawm lub Imperial Lavxias teb sab paj nruas Society, tab sis nyob rau hauv 1869 nws tau yuam kom khiav tawm hauv lub post.

Pib ib tug nyuaj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm Balakirev, composer raug kev ua phem thiab defamation, nws yog ua rau nws puas siab puas ntsws kev poob plig, thiab rau ob peb xyoo nws zoo heev txo nws muaj tswv yim ua si. Nyob rau hauv 1881, nws rov qab mus rau cov suab paj nruag, tab sis yog xav paub ntxiv kev txhawj xeeb nrog cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, sau ib tug me ntsis, tab sis nyob rau lub sij hawm no muaj ntau ntau zog, paub tab tej hauj lwm, xws li lub symphonic paj huam "Tamara".

Qhov kawg ntawm lub 90s los kawg tswv yim thiab heev tsim lub sij hawm ntawm lub composer lub neej. Nws sau hais tias ib tug ntau ntawm cov suab paj nruag rau piano, ua hauj lwm rau ib tug symphonic paj huam "Rus" thiab "Nyob rau hauv lub Czech koom pheej."

muaj tswv yim cuab yeej cuab tam

Composer Balakirev Miliy Alekseevich, xyoo ntawm lub neej yog muab rau cov kev tshawb fawb rau livelihood, kev kawm ntawv thiab kev qhia ntawv, tawm hauv ib tug me me, tab sis tseem ceeb txojsia. Ntawm nws cov loj tej hauj lwm muaj xws li music rau "King Lear", lub piano fantasy "Islam" loj kev kho mob ntawm lwm yam composers, hais txog 2 dozen romances thiab zaj nkauj, ob symphonies.

Tej lub neej

Balakirev Mily Alexeyevich yog passionate, nutty zoo muab tso rau hauv nyuaj lub neej tshwm sim. Tag nrho nws lub neej nws yog luv luv ntawm cov nyiaj, nws twb haunted los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab uas thuam nws, tau tsa ib phiaj los nqis tes tiv thaiv tsis tau cov composer nyob rau hauv xovxwm. Qhov loj tshaj qhov tob ntawm cov nyiaj txiag teeb meem ntaus nyob rau hauv 1872, thaum lub tsev kawm ntawv concerts tsis tau tsuas yog ceased yuav muaj txiaj ntsim, tiam sis yog tsis tau dhau. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau qhov tuag composer txiv, thiab nyob rau nws lub xub pwg nyom rests qhov kev kho mob ntawm lub welfare ntawm tus yau cov muam. Tshuab raj rau hauv tag kev cia siab, nws los txog rau ib tug tshee neej puas, txawm xav txog yus tua yus.

Nyob rau hauv 1874, Balakirev yoojyim tsev kawm ntawv thiab mus rau lub khw kev tswj Warsaw railway li ib tug underling, nws dua pib muab suab paj nruag. Tsis yog tus twg lub dag lub zog los yog lub sij hawm mus cia rau hauv kov nrog cov phooj ywg nws muaj, thiab nws txoj sia ncaim ntawm ntawm ib lub voj voog ntawm like-minded, tsis compose music. Nws yog cov feem ntau nyuaj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv nws lub neej. Balakirev pom ib txoj kev nyob rau hauv kev ntseeg, nws ua heev devout thiab maj pib rov qab mus rau qub. Nyob rau hauv 1881, thaum nws rov qab mus ua hauj lwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv, nws puas siab puas ntsws lub xeev yog leveled. Nyuaj uas tshwm sim ntawm lawv lub neej, mob siab rau rau suab paj nruag twb tsis tau tso cai rau Balakirev tsim lawv tus kheej tsev neeg, thiab nws nyob ib bachelor, passionate creativity.

Lub composer nyob ib tug ntev thiab tag nrho lub neej, nws tuag rau lub Tsib Hlis 29, 1910 thiab raug muab faus rau ntawm lub Tikhvin Cemetery.

Nthuav lus tseeb ntawm biography

Lub neej yog tag nrho ntawm muaj tswv yim neeg yog feem ntau ib ce thiab downs, txawv cov txheej xwm, tsis tsuas yog, thiab Balakirev Mily Alexeyevich. Nthuav lus tseeb roos ib tug daim ntawv loj loj, tseem muaj kev tu siab. Yog li ntawd, nrog rau tag nrho cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm cov composer tsis tsuas mus rau Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai, tab sis kuj mus rau lub tag nrho European music nyob rau hauv tej lub nroog nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, nws tsis tau muab tso rau lub monument. Tab sis ib tug ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws music tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, yog hais tias tsis lub ntiaj teb no, nyob rau hauv Moscow, tau hais khov kho tim nws lub npe.

Balakirev ib tug me nyuam muaj mob, nws yog feem ntau tsim txom thiab relentlessly me mob taub hau uas tsav tsheb nws mus rau tag kev cia siab. Nyob rau ib lub ntawm cov protracted crises, nws txawm xav kom muab thiab mus rau ib tug monastery, tab sis zoo hmoo, tus kab mob no tau receded, thiab cov composer yog nyob rau hauv lub secular lub neej.

Lawv kev kawm ntawv, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, yuam ua hauj lwm rau Balakirev nws tus kheej, nws ua hauj lwm nyuaj rau nws cov txheej txheem thiab txhim kho. Txawm li cas los, thaum nws twb nug nyob rau hauv nws mature xyoo, tau raug tsa xib fwb ntawm lub Moscow Conservatory, lub composer tsis kam vim hais tias nws tsis muaj ib qho kev kawm txoj kev kawm ntawv.