Basic kev tshawb xav ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm lub xeev, los ntawm antiquity rau tam sim no hnub

Theory of State - ib tug hypothesis mus piav qhia txog cov ua rau thiab kev tshwm sim ntawm lub xeev, nws cov ntsiab lus thiab qhov xwm ntawm qhov kev hloov. Cov neeg rau ib ntev lub sij hawm xav txog dab tsi raws nraim yog no phenomenon, uas yuav tsum tau xws li ib tug complex daim ntawv ntawm kev sib raug zoo koom haum.

Yog vim li cas rau lub keeb kwm ntawm lub xeev hu ua cov feem ntau sib txawv, los ntawm lub zoo heev los txo tag nrho rau tej yam yooj yim puas siab puas ntsws tshua. Qhov no txawv ntawm kev xav yog vim, feem ntau yuav, tus sau phau ntawv ntawm lub subjective kev ntsuam xyuas.
Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub science, muaj cov nram qab no yooj yim kev tshawb xav ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb lub xeev:

1. Divine (Theological) theory. Lub hwj chim muab rau tus uas kav lub siab powers, thiab muaj tsis muaj tsis ntseeg. Vajtswv tsim tib neeg thiab tsim ib daim ntawv ntawm lub hwj chim tshaj lawv, thiaj li tsis muaj teeb meem li cas tyrannical nws tej zaum yuav, cov pej xeem tsis muaj cai yuav txheem nws. Lub earliest theories sawv los ntawm lub mythological thiab kev cai dab qhuas kev ntseeg.

2. Tus yawg suab ziag no. Tsim los ntawm lub ancient Greek tus paub txog thiab philosopher Aristotle. Nws hais tias tus tib neeg - ib tug loj tsev neeg, nyob qhov twg tus uas kav lub (cov txiv) yuav siv sij hawm saib xyuas ntawm nws kev kawm (cov me nyuam), los yog rau txim rau lawv tsis tau mloog lus.

3. cog kev tshawb xav. Nws originated nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 4. BC. e. nyob rau hauv ancient Greece, lub founders - lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub Sophists thiab Epicureans. Qhov no kev tshawb xav tsis tus los saum ntuj keeb kwm ntawm lub xeev apparatus thiab piav txog tag nrho cov "mechanisms ntawm adaptation": nyob rau hauv pauv rau qhov kev txaus siab ntawm cov thawj yuav tsum tau kev tiv thaiv, khoom noj khoom haus, thiab kev thaj yeeb pw tsaug zog, cov neeg poob lawv txoj kev ywj pheej lub hwj chim ntawm lub rulers.

4. Cov organic kev tshawb xav. Piv cov qauv ntawm lub xeev nrog rau cov qauv ntawm ib tug nyob kab mob, qhov chaw uas pej xeem - lub hlwb, thiab nyob rau lawv, yuav ua li cas yuav ua hauj lwm tag nrho cov
system. Qhov tseem ceeb sawv cev ntawm no sib - H. Spencer - ntseeg hais tias niaj hnub xeev - yog ib yam khoom ntawm tej yam ntuj tso xaiv, uas muaj pov thawj cov nqi ntawm lawv cov predecessors.

5. Qhov kev tshawb xav ntawm kev ua phem. States tshwm sim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ua tsov ua rog thiab nreg, qhov twg yeej lub teb chaws yuav ua qhev hauv chav kawm ntawv thiab pobedivshaya- hom. Basic kev tshawb xav ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm lub xeev los ntawm tsausmuag txhais tau tias tsim E.Dyuringom, L.Gumplovskim, K.Kautskim.

6. Cov puas siab puas ntsws kev tshawb xav. Cav hais tias cov system ntawm tsoom fwv thiab kev cai lij choj sawv vim lub peculiarities ntawm tus tib neeg psyche, nws xav tau kev pab saib xyuas. Founder - Freud - piav qhia qhov yuav tsum tau rau qhov no symbolically: ib zaug thaum pib ntawm noob neej cov tub tua lawv forefather lim hiam, kev nyuaj siab loj lawv kev sib deev siab nyiam. Uas tau tsav ua ib siab txhaum, lawv tau tsim ib tug Vajtswv, thiab lub rulers, thiab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub primal horde txum tim rov qab dua. Los ntawm txoj kev, rau lwm yam ntsiab kev tshawb xav ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm lub xeev tsis kam lees Vajtswv lub hlwb tivthaiv, tab sis tsis muab nws heev npaum li cas tseem ceeb.

7. Lub hom phiaj ntawm haiv neeg tsis sib xws. Piav txog lub rov tshwm sim ntawm pej xeem txiav txim tias tag nrho cov haiv neeg Ameslikas muab faib mus rau hauv qhev thiab qhev tswv. Qhov no kev tshawb xav ntawm lub Nazis siv mus nrhiav pov thawj loj kev puas tsuaj, "thib ob-chav kawm ntawv" cov neeg.

8. Cov Marxist ziag no. Piav txog cov tsos ntawm lub xeev rau economic vim li cas: lub division of labor coj mus rau lub rov tshwm sim ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv thiab lwm cov khoom, thiab, raws li ib tug yuav tau txais, muaj ib tug xav tau los mus tiv thaiv cov sau wealth.

Thaum soj ntsuam qhov yooj yim kev tshawb xav ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm lub xeev, nws muaj peev xwm yuav sib cav hais tias txhua yam uas lawv muaj cai mus rau lub neej, raws li nws muaj rau ib tug txiav txim hauv paus thiab keeb kwm tseeb.