Computer zog. Basic computer thiab lawv cov functions

Khoos phib tawj siv yog ua commonplace rau cov niaj hnub tus txiv neej. Txawm li cas los, tsis yog txhua PC tswv xav tias hais txog dab tsi txog kev ua tej lub hom phiaj rau qhov tsim nyog xam ntaus ntawv. Ob peb cov neeg siv paub dab tsi lub specifics ntawm tus neeg kho vajtse Cheebtsam ntawm koj lub computer. Yuav ua li cas funktsiiPK? Uas kho vajtse Cheebtsam yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm koj tus kheej xam?

Ntsiab nta ntawm computers

Yuav ua li cas yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub computer yuav tsum tau qhia raws li lub ntsiab? Muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm le caag los lawv txhais. On Wednesday lub Lavxias teb sab NWS-cov kws txawj ntau tswvyim, raws li uas lub zog ntawm ib lub computer muaj qhia nyob rau hauv lub nram qab no:

• cov ntaub ntawv ua;
• cov ntaub ntawv cia;
• zog ntawm cov ntaub ntawv;
• cov ntaub ntawv los xyuas dua.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau hais tias cov nta feem ntau ntau rau tag nrho cov hom ntawm computers. Niaj hnub nimno kev faib ntawm xam pab kiag li lawm yuav qhia tau tias lawv ntau ntau yam ntau ntau. Muaj cai PCs, muaj computers muaj, raws li zoo raws li cov neeg uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov txhais tau tias kev thauj. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, txhua yam ntawm PC yuav muaj kev khiav dej num.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov neeg siv computers nws tej zaum yuav, piv txwv li, ua rau cov graphics, ntawv nyeem, los yog suab. Muaj nuj nqi rau-board computer ntawm ib tug tub rog aircraft - ib tug tuag ntaus ntawv tswj, cov txij nkawm uas ua hauj lwm zoo ntawm nws mechanisms. Tsim Nyog tseem muaj xam pab kiag li lawm yuav tsum tau kev cob cog rua nrog qhov yuav tsum tau los yog ua tau cov kev cai tswjhwm raug ua hauj lwm.

Cia peb xav txog cov specifics ntawm txhua tus ntawm cov zog rau tag nrho cov computers hais saum toj no.

Muaj nuj nqi xam: cov ntaub ntawv ua

Cov ntaub ntawv ua computer system muaj ntau yam kev kho mob ua ntawm tus kho vajtse Cheebtsam ntawm lub computer. Lawv siv feem ntau yog nrog ib tug tseem ceeb tshwm sim rau cov neeg siv: thaum nws los txog rau PCs, qhov no yuav yog lub creation ntawm ib daim ntawv los yog ua kev kho me ntsis rau cov uas twb muaj, on-screen zaub ntawm tej ntaub ntawv, nkag los yog PC rau hauv ib tug sib tham nrog tus neeg siv los ntawm queries. computer tswv, yog li ntawd, yuav tau cov lus muaj nuj nqi rau cov PC thaum tsim, editing thiab tu tub tu kiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.

cov ntaub ntawv Cia

Basic computer zog kuj muaj xws li cov ntaub ntawv cia. Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov PC, nws yog assumed qhov kev tso kawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab folders rau tshwj xeeb tawm rau tom ntej siv. Cov ntaub ntawv cia yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub system: nws tswj lub tom ntej nrhiav cov tsim nyog cov ntaub ntawv. Cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau ntawm koj lub computer yuav ua tau neeg siv - muaj los ntawm tus tswv tsev, los yog system uas tsim thiab siv cov PC nws tus kheej.

tsiv ntaub ntawv

PC muaj nuj nqi yuav tsum tau txhais nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv lub mus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thaum nws los txog rau PCs, yuav tsum to taub raws li ib tug txheej txheem nyob rau hauv uas ib tug los yog lwm yam ntaub ntawv yog theej los ntawm ib tug nruab nrab mus rau lwm lub (los yog hloov nws txoj hauj lwm txheeb ze mus rau ib tug kev cai tswjhwm directory nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv system). Lwm kev kho mob yuav tus txheej txheem uas cov ntaub ntawv yog kis tau ntawm txawv computers: siv mobile muaj (.. CD-ROM tsav, flash drives, lwm yam) los yog lub Internet los yog ib tug LAN.

Cov ntaub ntawv kev tswj

Qhov no feature complements txhua tus ntawm peb hais saum toj no. cov ntaub ntawv yog tswj raws li cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob nyob ntev, thiab nyob rau preservation los yog thaum lub sij hawm lawv cov xaav. Cov kev ua nyob rau hauv lo lus nug tau muab los siv yog txiav - nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tus computer txiav txim rau qhov tsim nyog algorithms, raws li zoo raws li qhov ncaj kev koom tes ntawm tus neeg siv.

Tom qab tshuaj ntsuam lub yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm lub computer raws li ib tug neeg lub cuab tam, xav txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws tivthaiv kho vajtse. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yuav yog ib tug tus kheej xam pab kiag li lawm teej tug mus rau hauv lub thiaj li hu ua IBM-architecture, feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

PC kho vajtse Cheebtsam

Niaj hnub nimno PC - ib tug computer ceg muaj ob peb pab kiag li lawm. Technologically, txhua tus uas ua ib qho kev ywj nuj nqi, tab sis koj khiav lag luam nyias los ntawm lwm yam - lub tswv yim pab rau tus tswv ntawm lub PC - tsis tau. Yuav ua li cas Cheebtsam yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov niaj hnub computers? Cov:

• system unit (uas, nyob rau hauv lem, yog nyob: ib tug processor, motherboard, RAM, nyuaj tsav, video thiab suab phaib, network pab kiag li lawm, disk drives);
• saib xyuas;
• tswj txhais tau tias (keyboard, nas, thiab analogs thereof);
• accessories (printers, scanners, thiab hais txog. d.).

Nyob rau hauv lub configuration ntawm cov PC ntaub ntawv Cheebtsam tej zaum yuav cais units los yog yuav ib zaug xwb hardware platform. Nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv, lub computer yuav ntawm lub hom "desktop" uas yuav tsum los tsim ib qho zoo chaw rau lub rooj tsis muaj heev zog ntawm ib qhov chaw mus rau lwm lub. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - tus PC yuav tej zaum yuav ua tau lub tsev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug laptop. Muaj kuj yog ib nrab version ntawm lub PC los ua ke - raws li ib tug "monoblock". Nws combines zoo tag nrho ntawm lub hardware Cheebtsam, tshwj tsis yog rau ntawm lwm yam uas - lawv txuas mus rau lub computer nyias.

Cov no yog cov yooj yim chav tsev ntawm lub computer. Lawv zog yuav tau kawm yuav kuj yuav pab tau, thiab nws yog - peb tom ntej no hauj lwm.

Lub zog ntawm cov PC Cheebtsam: processor

Processor - lub ntsiab computer nti computer. Raws li txoj cai, qhov no yog lub feem ntau high-tech thiab kim tivthaiv ntawm ib tug PC. Processors rau PCs no muaj nyob nrog ib tug cia li ob peb lub npe nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Ntau tshaj 90% ntawm lub ntiaj teb no kev ua lag luam yog nyob ntawm ob tug tuam txhab uas muag - Intel thiab AMD. Lub ntsiab tivthaiv ntawm lub Performance index ntawm kev ua tau zoo Pc - lub zaus ntawm kev ua hauj lwm. Nws yog feem ntau yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv gigahertz, los yog GHz. Lub siab dua lub zaus, tus ceev lub nti ua tus tsim nyog suav.

Tsis tas li ntawd, ib tug tseem ceeb qhia ntawm processor kev kawm - lub xov tooj ntawm cores. Qhov ntau, cov muaj muaj zog sib nug xov kho vajtse tivthaiv. Yuav ua li cas yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm koj lub computer processor yuav hu ua ib tug tseem ceeb? Peb yuav hais tias lawv yog feem ntau tib yam li cov ua los ntawm lub PC raws li ib tug tag nrho: tuav, tsiv, cia, database, cov ntaub ntawv los xyuas dua. Nyob rau hauv no txoj kev uas peb yuav taug qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov processor nyob rau hauv txhua cheeb tsam ntawm koj lub computer.

motherboard

Motherboard - lub biggest PC nti. Nws yog lub luag hauj lwm rau ua ke ntau yam kho vajtse Cheebtsam ntawm koj lub computer. Nyob rau hauv yog lub processor, nyuaj tsav, nco, suab thiab video phaib, network adapters. Nyob rau hauv nws cov tib qauv - lub ntsiab terminals uas dlhos sab nraud PC accessories. Lub motherboard, raws li zoo raws li lub processor muaj ib tug ceev qhov taw qhia, qhia raws li ib tug zaus. Feem ntau, tus uas tsim nyog xaiv rau hom kev kho vajtse Cheebtsam yuav nuj nqis coj tshaj CPUs, thiab nws yuav tsis tsau nyob rau hauv gigahertz, thiab nyob rau hauv megahertz. Tab sis muaj kev zam. Muaj high-kev ua tau zoo motherboards uas khiav lag luam ntawm ib zaus qhia los ntawm cia li ib yam nyob rau gigahertz.

random nkag nco

PC RAM, los yog RAM - qhov no chipset, nyob rau hauv uas lub ib ntus kev tso kawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv tshuab hlwb hlau dab. Tsim Nyog kev pab, feem ntau yog siv cov processor. Lwm yam tseem ceeb functions ntawm lub computer lub cim xeeb - cov qib ntawm tus ceev pauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov computers, raws li zoo raws li lub creation ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb kev kho vajtse puag ncig mus thauj cov kev pab cuam. Ib qho hom software yuav tsum khiav xwb yog hais tias tus PC yog cov dawb RAM.

ntim - lub ntsiab qhia ntawm qhov kev kawm ntawm RAM. Yuav ua li cas nws yog, qhov ntau dua tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv arrays yuav muab tso nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb. Lwm kev ntsuas ntawm qhov kev kawm ntawm cov coj kev kho vajtse tivthaiv, raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug processor los yog motherboard, - zaus. Lub siab dua nws yog, tus ceev lub cim xeeb ua hauj lwm. Ib qho tseem ceeb qhia ntawm qhov kev kawm ntawm RAM - bandwidth. Nws qhia ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav tiav nyob rau hauv ib tug nti rau ib tug set lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm. Yuav ua li cas nws yog, cov coj kev kho vajtse tivthaiv yog sai. Lub peev xwm ntawm lub cim xeeb, raws li tau zoo raws li lwm yam pab kiag li lawm, uas yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm no cov yam ntxwv yog qhia nyob rau hauv megabits ib ob, thiab high-kev ua tau zoo qauv - gigabits ib ob. Lub sij hawm "bandwidth" muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm txawv - piv txwv li, "Channel rate" (los yog "chaw tos tsheb loj", "slots", "chaw nres nkoj").

Nws kuj yuav raug muab sau tseg tias processor, motherboard thiab nco - pab kiag li lawm uas yog mus rau ib tug tej yam raws li lub luag hauj lwm rau lub fact sai npaum li cas ib tug PC yuav ua hauj lwm thiab yuav ua li cas zoo yuav khiav yooj yim zog ntawm lub computer. Yog hais tias kawm ntawv cov kev kho vajtse Cheebtsam yog tsawg, mus cuag kev nce ntawm nkag mus rau hauv nws cov qauv, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj PC ceev ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm lwm yam pab kiag li lawm. Txawm li cas los, lawv thiab lawv lub zog yog tseem ceeb heev los ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm kev siv ntawm qhov tsim nyog zog ntawm ib lub PC. Xav txog cov specifics ntawm cov Cheebtsam.

hard disk

Hard tsav - ib tug ntaus ntawv tsim rau mus tas li qhov chaw kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv. Yog li, ib tug tseem ceeb feem nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ib tug computer muaj nuj nqi raws li ib tug cov ntaub ntawv cia. Lub hard disk cov ntaub ntawv no muab tso rau hauv hauv paus ntsiab lus hais tseg nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv system siv los ntawm lub PC.

Lub ntsiab qhia ntawm kev ua tau zoo qhia hardware tivthaiv - lub ntim. Yuav ua li cas nws yog, qhov ntau tseem ceeb yog tus nqi ntawm ib tug array ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv koj hard disk. Ib qho tseem ceeb qhia ntawm qhov kev kawm ntawm no tivthaiv - raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub RAM, qhov no bandwidth. Lub siab dua nws yog, tus ceev cov ntaub ntawv yog nyeem thiab sau ntawv mus rau lub hard disk, uas muaj ib tug ncaj qha ntxim rau cov kev ceev ntawm koj lub computer.

Video card thiab saib

Yog hais tias koj nco qab, li cas zog yog ua los ntawm ib tug computer teej tug mus rau cov qeb ntawm tus kheej xam pab kiag li lawm, tus thawj koom haum los peb yuav tshwm sim los ntawm lub graphics ua. PC yog siv raws li ib lub cuab tam rau cov tsim thiab editing dluab, movies, dluab ntawm lub computer ua si thiab daws ntau lwm yam zoo xws kev pab raws qib. Ntsiab kho vajtse Cheebtsam lub luag hauj lwm rau cov muaj kev vam meej kev siv ntawm lub duas paub zog ntawm lub PC - card thiab saib. Qhov thib ob ntaus ntawv yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lub nrig txog kev pom cov zaub ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv kom nkag siab rau tus neeg siv. Lub ntsiab yam ntxwv ntawm tus saib - kab pheeb ces kaum thiab kev daws teeb meem. Hais txog cov kev xaiv thawj - nws tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv lub subjective nyiam ntawm tus neeg siv. saib kev daws teeb meem, nyob rau hauv lem, yuav tsum muaj txaus siab tias cov graphics nyob ntawm siab zoo thiab ntshiab.

Cov video card yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lub graphics ua thiab tso saib nws nyob rau hauv saib. Qhov no ntaus ntawv yog nyob, feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub motherboard. Tab sis nyob rau hauv ib co PC qauv, feem ntau nyob rau hauv laptops, lub sib nug xov nti yog kev nrog tus processor, uas yog, nws yog ib feem ntawm cov kev kho vajtse tivthaiv. Lub ntsiab yam ntxwv ntawm video - bandwidth. Lub siab dua nws yog, qhov ntau dua tus nqi ntawm cov duab cov ntaub ntawv sib nug xov mus rau lub hardware tivthaiv yuav ua. Ib qho tseem ceeb cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov video card - yog tus nqi ntawm cov ua-nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm nws.

suab

PC nta feem ntau muaj xws li suab ua. Ib tug tseem ceeb kho vajtse tivthaiv lub luag hauj lwm rau cov tshuaj ntawm tej teeb meem - lub suab card. Nws yog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub motherboard raws li ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib ntaus ntawv. Tab sis muaj yog ib lub suab uas ua tau rau hauv qhov loj tshaj plaws PC nti. Basic kev kawm cov yam ntxwv coj hardware tivthaiv - lub teeb liab zog thiab cov zauv zaus. Tus thawj parameter yog ntsuas nyob rau hauv decibels, los yog dB, lub thib ob - feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub kilohertz, los yog kHz. Qhov saum toj no ob yam ntxwv - zoo dua lub suab uas yuav tsum tau ua si lub computer.

networking pab kiag li lawm

Feem ntau cov niaj hnub computers ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tes hauj lwm - nrog rau kev xav txog lub tsev PCs, ces cia li lam lawv muaj ib tug Internet kev twb kev txuas. Enterprise PCs, raws li zoo li ib co tsev, ntawm chav kawm, muaj peev xwm kuj tsim tau ib cov cheeb tsam network.

Tiabsis cov computer nrog rau lwm cov laij pab kiag li lawm los ntawm cov kho vajtse Cheebtsam. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, tus network adapter - nti muab tso rau hauv motherboard los yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub suab card, tej zaum ua rau nws. Yuav kom nws muaj peev xwm cuag ib tug cable los ntawm lub ISP thiab yog li muab siv tau los rau hauv Internet computer.

Muaj ntau niaj hnub network adapters tau khiav lag luam yog tsis muaj nyob ntawm tej - ntawm Wi-nkaus technology. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub computer yog thawj kev cob cog rua rau ib tug wireless router, los yog router, uas nyob rau hauv lem yuav tau nkag los rau cable muab kev pab.

Muaj thiaj li hu ua mobile modems - pab kiag li lawm uas muaj kev cob cog rau ntawm koj lub PC feem ntau los ntawm ib tug ntawm cov ports ntawm lub motherboard yog tau coj lub computer mus rau hauv Internet ntawm lub mobile neeg teb xov tooj network. Hais tias yog tsis pub dhau lawv yog cov SIM-card thiab nws tus tswv mus rau kos li no chaw ua hauj lwm teb xov tooj tshwj xeeb tariff siv lub Internet.

Lub ntsiab yam ntxwv ntawm tag nrho cov network pab kiag li lawm - bandwidth. Lub siab dua nws yog, tus ceev, piv txwv li, mus download tau ntaub ntawv los ntawm hauv Internet.

PC lwm yam uas: Keyboard thiab nas

Feem ntau tej zaum tus tswv tsev PC tswj lub cuab tam - lub keyboard. Cov kev siv tswv yim ntawm cov xam ntaus tsis tshua muaj neeg yooj yim. Lub ntsiab functions ntawm lub computer keyboard: tswv yim ntawv nyeem cov ntaub ntawv, raws li tau zoo raws li muab neeg sis nrog lub PC los ntawm kev xa nyob rau hauv ib tug computer system kev Pib ntsais koj teeb nrog ib tug neeg lag luam los yog ob peb ua ke ntawd. Koom ntaus ntawv no feem ntau rau ib qho ntawm cov ports ntawm lub motherboard. Tab sis tseem muaj wireless accessories ntawm qhov kev tsim nyog hom. Txoj kev khiav dej num ntawm lub computer keyboard tuav tau programmed los ntawm tus neeg siv, txawm hais tias muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm thoob ntiaj teb cov qauv, uas ntaus ntawv manufacturers, raws li zoo raws li enthusiasts ntawm computer technology, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, sim ua raws li.

Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, lub PC keyboard yog complemented los ntawm lwm yam accessories - ib tug nas. Nws yog tsim los pab txhawb kev koom tes ntawm cov neeg siv ntawm computer kev pab thiab leeb kev daws ntawm tej yam teeb meem. Nas lom zem ntau duplicates lub zog ntawm ib lub computer keyboard - zoo, los ntawm uas tsim nyog taw muaj peev xwm muab koj lub PC los yog lwm pab neeg. Raws li zoo raws li contrary series ntawm kev pab raws qib ua los ntawm ib tug nas (e.g., tswj ntawm kev ua si tus ua cim nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua si) yuav tsum tau siv cov keyboard.

Ntsiab Cheebtsam ntawm ib tug computer thiab lawv cov functions, peb tau kawm. Tab sis muaj ntau ntau ntawm accessories uas Nkij los txuam rau qhov yooj yim kho vajtse Cheebtsam ntawm lub PC. Xav txog cov specifics ntawm feem ntau - printers thiab scanners. Lawv tau ntau cov neeg siv ib txhij nrog lub purchase ntawm ib tug computer.

PC accessories: printers thiab scanners

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov computer pab kiag li lawm thiab lawv cov functions yog sib txawv, lawv muaj feem ntau pom tias nyob rau hauv tib lub ntsiab lus teb. Qhov no yog to taub: Lub tshuab luam ntawv prints cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub PC rau tus ntawv, scanners - nyob rau tsis tooj, nws yog nkag tau rau hauv lub computer, tig los ntawm daim ntawv rau cov ntawv no. Muaj hardware Cheebtsam uas muab nuj nqi printers thiab scanners, - multi-muaj nuj nqi kiag li lawm, los yog MFP. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, lawv kuj muaj ib tug muaj nuj nqi ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv.

Xws li yog cov tseem ntawm ua tau hauj lwm uas niaj hnub tus kheej xam pab kiag li lawm. Nyob rau hauv hnub no lub tsev kawm ntawv, lawv muaj feem ntau kawm me nyuam qhov ntxov tshaj plaws uas muaj hnub nyoog. Muaj ntau niaj hnub qhia ntawv ntseeg tau hais tias lub pom muaj hnub nyoog qeb ntawm tus me nyuam uas xav tau kev pab kom paub tias cov tseem ceeb nta ntawm lub computer - Qib 3. Khoos phib tawj positioned nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm niaj hnub no cov tsev kawm ntawv raws li lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yam khoom uas koj yuav tsum tau sai dlua cov me nyuam.