Dua Muslim cov tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los thiab niaj hnub no

Dua Muslim cov tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Arab caliphate hu ua madrassas, thawj thawj zaug cov tsev nyob rau hauv lub IX xyoo pua AD Tus thawj ib tug twb qhib nyob rau hauv 859 nyob rau hauv Morocco. Madrasah feem ntau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv mosques, lawv qhia cov lus Arabic, lub Qur'an, lub keeb kwm ntawm Islam, lub hadiths, lub Sharia (Muslim code ntawm ethics, uas tas tus cuj pwm views ntawm cov Muslims), kalam. Nyob rau hauv lub Nrab Hnub nyoog, lub siab Muslim lub tsev kawm ntawv twb feem ntau tsis tau tsuas yog Theological tab sis kev cai tseem ceeb.

Kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub Islamic Ntiaj teb cov

Arab Caliphate nws muaj nws keeb kwm los ntawm tus Yaj Saub Muhammad, los yog es, los ntawm lub Hijaz nws tsim nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm VII xyoo pua lub zej lub zos. Thaum twg, tom qab cov nyaj ntawm cov Muslims tsim nyob rau hauv Medina, tus Yaj Saub Muhammad hais rau lawv los qhia lawv cov me nyuam nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv rau lub mosques. Maj mam muaj cais cov chav, ib tug thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv counterparts.

Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no Islamic sawv thiab cov thawj zoo tshaj plaws Muslim cov tsev kawm ntawv - Nizamiyya. Dhau li kev cob qhia, txawm nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, nws yog free, thiab yuav kawm tau tag nrho cov - cov me nyuam ntawm nobles thiab tub txawj tub ntse twb zaum tom ntej no rau cov me nyuam ntawm peasants thiab artisans. Qhia, tsuas yog cov Koran, ntaub ntawv, leb, tshuaj, Science News for KIDS, keeb kwm, kev kawm yam lus thiab lwm yam sciences. Nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, lub ancient qauv ntawm kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Islamic lub teb chaws tseem nyob rau hnub no.

Lub hiob madrasa ntiaj teb no: Miri as

Nyob rau hauv lub XVI caug xyoo, lub siab tshaj plaws Muslim lub tsev kawm ntawv ua tau Miri as nyob rau hauv Bukhara. Txij li thaum nws lub hauv paus thiab mus txog rau lub kaw (nyob rau hauv lub 20-ies ntawm XX century) nws tseem yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau prestigious nyob rau hauv Central Asia. Ib tug lub sij hawm ntawm lub Soviet era Miri as yog tus tsuas yog ib qho nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov USSR. Ntawm cov kawm tiav - Mukhammedzhan Husain, Miyan Mali, Sheikh Kazy-Askar, lub yav tas tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Chechnya Ahmad Kadyrov thiab lwm tus neeg. Madrasah ua hauj lwm thiab yog tam sim no qhia nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ntau tshaj li 100 tus menyuam kawm.

Madrasseh - ib feem ntawm poi Kalyan ( "ko taw Great"), qhov kev siv uas yog ntaus nqi mus rau Sheikh Abdallah Yamani paub tias hauv lub moniker Mir-Arab. Sheikh muaj ib tug yawm cawv rau cov Sultan ntawm Bukhara Khan Ubaidullah. Raws li ib txhia qhov chaw, lub madrasah twb ua nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj tsa los ntawm Khan rau cov muag khoom ntawm peb txhiab Persian raug (Ubaidullah Khan tau pheej coj nws pab tub rog mus tua cov Khorasan).

Zyndzhyrly thiab Al-Karaouine

Zyndzhyrly madrasah (Bakhchisarai) - ib tug ntawm cov hiob nyob rau hauv Eastern Europe - lom 510 xyoo txij li thaum nws nrhiav nyob rau hauv 2010. Qhov no ntau dua Muslim lub tsev kawm ntawv twb ua nyob rau hauv 1500 thiab ua kom txog rau thaum 1917. Nyob rau hauv 2006, peb tes num ntawm kho tshiab ntawm lub madrasa thiab qhov ntxa ntawm Haji Giray twb pib, thiab los ntawm 2010, lub tsev twb tau teev tseg nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim. Nyob rau hauv 2015, lub tsev kawm ntawv twb pauv mus rau sab ntsuj plig Administration ntawm cov Muslims ntawm Crimea.

Thaum lub keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Al-Karaouine yog ib tug poj niam - mus 859, nws nrhiav tau lub madrasa thiab mosque nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm nws tus txiv, ib tug nplua nuj ua lag luam Mohammed Al-Fihri. Nws yog tus hiob tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Morocco thiab tus hlob ntawm tus uas twb muaj lawm. Nws kawm tau mus Leo africanus, Maimonides, Ibn Khaldun. Lub tsev twb rebuilt ob peb lub sij hawm - tam sim no nws yog lub thov Vajtswv nrog yuav haum ntau tshaj 20 000 neeg. Nyob rau hauv 1947, qhov no kev kawm center los ua ib tug nyob rau hauv university hauv lub European kev txiav txim zoo ntawm cov lo lus.

niaj hnub tsev kawm ntawv

Nyob rau hauv lub mus txog 1960, nyob rau hauv muaj ntau yam Islamic lub teb chaws dhau kho kom zoo rau pej xeem kev kawm ntawv. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, muaj ob lub ntsiab hom madrasas: sab ntsuj plig, nyob rau hauv uas kawm imams thiab secular, leej twg ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm nruab nrab los yog high school nrog ib tug "dab tsi" kawm (kev kawm txog zauv, yam lus, computer science thiab lwm yam kev kawm). Muaj yog ib tug kev xaiv thib peb - tsev kawm ntawv ntiav.

Dua Muslim lub tsev kawm ntawv thawj thiab thib ob hom nyob ua tsaug rau cov nyiaj pub dawb thiab kev pab los ntawm sponsors. Feem ntau ntawm lawv muaj lawv cov me nyuam kawm ntawv, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus kawm, free hostel (raws li tau zoo raws li cov zaub mov thiab kev pab nrog ntxiv kev kawm).

Ib tug ob peb xyoos dhau los nyob online tsev kawm ntawv (nyob rau hauv Russia no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 2013) - nyob rau ntawm xaus ntawm kev cob qhia lawv muab pov thawj, thiab nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, lawv cov hoob kawm yog taw qhia kom paub mus kev pab cuam uas siv "dab tsi" ntau dua Muslim cov tsev kawm ntawv.