East Slavic lus thiab lawv cov nta

East Slavic lus - lus pab pawg, uas yog ib feem ntawm lub Slavic pab pawg neeg ntawm cov Indo-European tsev neeg. Lawv yog cov heev nyob rau hauv Eastern Europe, Asia, America thiab lwm yam qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

kev faib

Mus rau sab hnub tuaj Slavic lus muaj xws li ob qho tib si nyob thiab tuag yam lus thiab muaj ntau dialects. Raws li hais tus thawj pab pawg neeg, no muaj xws li:

• Belarusian.
• Lavxias teb sab.
• Ukrainian.
• Rusin, uas yog tej zaum kuj ntshai raws li ib tug lub suab hais lus Ukrainian.

Raws li rau cov neeg tuag yam lus, ces qhov no muaj xws li qub Lavxias teb sab, uas muaj kom txog thaum lub 14th pua, Ruthenian lus nyob rau hauv uas cov neeg pej xeem Duchy ntawm Lithuania, raws li zoo raws li lub qub Novgorod lub suab hais lus nrog nws tus kheej txawv nta.

zaj dabneeg

Belarusian, Lavxias teb sab thiab Ukrainian - Slavic lus. East Slavic nam yog sawv cev los ntawm lub fact tias cov lus muaj ib qho txwv zeej txwv koob - Laus Lavxias teb sab lus, uas nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 7 rau lub hauv paus ntawm pre-Slavic. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov keeb kwm tshwm sim, ancient Lavxias teb sab teb chaws raug faib mus rau hauv peb ceg - lub Belarusian, Lavxias teb sab thiab Ukrainian, txhua tus uas mus nws tus kheej txoj kev ntawm txoj kev loj hlob.

East Slavic pab pawg neeg ntawm cov lus hloov zuj zuj ntev. Ib co nta ntawm qhov sib txawv nyob rau hauv cov lus kuj lig - nyob rau hauv lub 14th pua, thaum lwm tus neeg muaj ntau centuries ua ntej lawm. Tag nrho cov lus uas peb yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug uas zoo sib xws morphology, cov qauv sau ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus, tab sis kuj muaj qhov sib txawv. Ib txhia grammatical pawg peculiar rau Ukrainian thiab Belarusian lus, thiab tsis nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab. Tib yam siv rau cov lo lus, txij li thaum ib tug xov tooj tseem ceeb ntawm lexical units nyob rau hauv lub Ukrainian thiab Belarusian lus muaj Polish keeb kwm.

nta

East Slavic lus muaj lawv tus kheej yus nta uas paub qhov txawv lawv cov lwm tus:

• Phonetics. Yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug ua ke ntawm Proto-Slavic -oro-, -olo-, -ere-, -elo-, ib puas, uas yog tsis raug rau lub yav qab teb thiab Western Slavs, raws li zoo raws li lub xub ntiag ntawm lub consonants: h, j, uas tau raug yooj yim zog nyob rau hauv lwm yam Slavic lus.
• Lexicon. Eastern Slavic lus pab pawg inherits feem ntau ntawm nws lexical units los ntawm cov Proto-Slavic lus, txawm li cas los, nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv uas txawv lawv los ntawm lwm yam Slavs. Rau cov pab pawg neeg nws kuj yog yus muaj los ntawm qiv, tshwj xeeb yog los ntawm cov Finno-Ugric, Baltic, Turkish, Iranian, Caucasian thiab Western European lus.

East Slavic lus siv ib tug tsiaj ntawv raws li nyob rau hauv lub Cyrillic cov tsiaj ntawv, uas tuaj los ntawm Bulgaria, tab sis txhua yam lus pab pawg neeg nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv, thiab cov tsiaj ntawv uas tsis muaj nyob rau hauv lwm tus neeg.

Byelorussian

Yog lub teb chaws lus ntawm Belarusians thiab cov hauj lwm cov lus ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Belarus. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws hais nyob rau hauv Russia, Lithuania, Latvia, Ukraine, Poland thiab lwm tus neeg. Ib yam li lwm East Slavic lus, Belarus los ntawm lub ancient Lavxias teb sab thiab tsim kwv yees li 13-14 xyoo pua nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm cov niaj hnub Belarus. Qhov no yog facilitated los ntawm tsim ntawm lub Belarusian lub teb chaws, koom los ntawm nom tswv, thaj, kev cai dab qhuas thiab lwm yam. Ib tug tshwj xeeb lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no twb ua si los ntawm lub union ntawm pawg neeg thaj av nyob rau hauv lub Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub Belarusian lus los ua ib qho hauj lwm thiab nws yog ua zoo rau tag nrho cov xeev thiab kev cai lij choj cov ntaub ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov lus tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau cov zej zog uas sawv nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Belarus nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th.

Noteworthy sau nco txog Belarusian lus yog Lithuanian Statute, chronicles Avraamki thiab Byhovtsa, "Nkauj", "Me me mus ncig teb chaws phau ntawv", "qauv sau ntawv Slovenian" thiab lwm tus neeg. Lub rooj txhawb siab ntawm cov lus pib nyob rau hauv lub 19-20 xyoo pua thiab yog kev cob cog rua nrog Yankoy Kupaloy, Yakhauj pob ntseg thiab lwm cov npe .

Lavxias teb sab lus

Lavxias teb sab lus - ib qho ntawm lub East Slavic lus. Nws yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm lub ntiaj teb no lub diplomatic hom lus thiab yus tus kheej li ob peb lab cov neeg thoob ntiaj teb. haiv neeg Russians raws li tau pab pawg neeg uas nyob hauv Npanpiloo ib ncig ntawm Veliky Novgorod thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov Volga thiab cov Oka.

Tsim kom muaj lub teb chaws pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib tug centralized xeev, uas tiv thaiv nrog lub Tatars thiab Mongols. Tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no ua si rau cov kho kom zoo kev ua ub no ntawm Peter kuv, thiab cov ua hauj lwm ntawm MV University, GR Derzhavina NI Novikova, NI Karamzin, thiab lwm leej lwm tus. Qhov tus tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws lus yog suav tias yog AS Pushkin. Nws feature yog cov nruj syllabic hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab lub ob lub ntsiab lus ntawm ntau cov tsiaj ntawv. Raws li lexical daim ntawv Slavonic lexical units, thiab ntau yam kev kos duab.

Ukrainian hom lus

Ib qho ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov Slavic lus. Nws hais nyob rau hauv Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, Kazakhstan, Poland, Moldova thiab lwm tus neeg. Nta ntawm lub Ukrainian hom lus pib muaj nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 12th thiab cov 14th pua yog cov Ukrainians raws li ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib lub teb chaws nrog rau nws tus kheej yus nta.

Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm lub Ukrainian lub teb chaws yog kev cob cog rua nrog lub nriaj ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam cov Polish thiab Tatar aggression. Ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Ukrainian cov ntaub ntawv ua si los ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Gregory lauj kaub, TG Shevchenko, IY Franko, Lesia Ukrainka, IP Kotlyarevskogo GR Hryhory kvitka li al. Rau Ukrainian hom lus vocabulary yus txais los ntawm lub Polish, Turkish thiab German.

Rusyn lus

Nws yog ib tug sau ntawm ntau haiv neeg txawj lus thiab lub suab hais lus formations tias characterize Rusins. Qhov no haiv neeg nyob rau hauv lub Transcarpathian cheeb tsam ntawm Ukraine, Slovakia, Poland, Croatia, Serbia, Hungary, raws li tau zoo raws li Canada thiab lub US kev tshawb xav. Niaj hnub no tus xov tooj ntawm cov neeg uas hais lus yam lus ntawd, muaj txog 1.5 million tus neeg.

Muaj ntau cov kev xav txog hais tias, xav txog seb Ruthenian cais lus los yog ib tug lub suab hais lus ntawm Ukrainian. Tus tam sim no Ukrainian cai considers Ruthenian raws li cov lus ntawm lub teb chaws minorities, whereas, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Serbia, nws yog suav tias yog official.

Yam ntxwv rau cov uas lus yog loj tooj tserkovnoslavyanizmy thiab ntau Polonism, Germanisms, Mannerist thiab lwm nta uas tsis xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv Ukrainian hom lus. Nws kuj yus muaj los ntawm ib tug txheej ntawm lexical units uas muaj Hungarian keeb kwm. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd rau qhov no, muaj ib tug lossis loj reservoir ntawm lus Slavic lus, uas yeej txuas nws mus rau lwm cov Eastern Slavic tsev neeg.

Eastern Slavic lus pab pawg neeg yog ib feem ntawm Indo-European Slavic ceg thiab muaj cov yam ntxwv thiab muab piv rau cov sib txawv nyob rau hauv cov lus western thiab yav qab teb Slavic. Qhov no pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li lub Belarusian, Lavxias teb sab, Ukrainian thiab Ruthenian lus, raws li tau zoo raws li tus xov tooj ntawm cov lus thiab dialects uas yog tam sim no tuag. Qhov no pab pawg neeg yog thoob plaws nyob rau hauv Eastern Europe, Asia thiab America li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.