Enteral kev ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm cov tshuaj

Nyob rau hauv lub pathology thiab cov xaiv lawv cov thawj coj ntawm cov tshuaj thiaj li hais tias lawv yuav ua tau ob qho tib si ceev thiab ntau npaum ua hauj lwm ntawm lub cev. Muaj kev txawj ntse ntawm qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm ntau yam txoj kev tswj hwm ntawm cov tshuaj rau txhua tus neeg mob yuav xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv.

Feem ntau cov tshuaj kho thiab siv enterally. "Yuav ua li cas yog hais tias?" - Koj nug. Nyob rau hauv lwm txoj kev, peb yuav hais tias: lub digestive ib ntsuj av. Qhov no yog muab faib mus rau hauv lub nram qab no thawj coj.

Buccal (sab plhu)

Tus kho los ntawm cov tshuaj nrog buccal thawj coj los yog kev tsim sai heev, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tsub kom lub suction lub sij hawm los ntawm kev siv tshwj xeeb formulations: log, thaj ua rau thaj, uas yog glued mus rau puab nto ntawm sab plhu. Txawm li cas los, nquag siv ntawm no txoj kev ua rau voos ntawm txheej week.

Sublingually - dab tsi nws txhais li cas?

DVR sai haum cov tshuaj rau hauv lub qhov ncauj mucosa thaum noj lawv nyob rau hauv tus nplaig. Qhov zoo ntawm cov qauv no: lub active ingredient mus ncaj qha mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, bypassing lub txhoj puab heev cawv ntawm digestive kua txiv thiab lub siab enzymes; sai vasodilator cov nyhuv hauv hypertensive crises; nyem ntawm angina sib cem. Tsis zoo: txo kho nyhuv thaum noj ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj; ntau npaum daim ntawv (dragees, ntsiav tshuaj, granules) yuav tsum tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv tus nplaig kom txog thaum tiav nyias mus nyias; txoj kev loj hlob sab nyhuv - voos ntawm qhov ncauj mucosa. Yog li ntawd, sublingually - dab tsi nws txhais li cas? Thiab nws txhais tau tias noj cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv tus nplaig.

Paum (qhov chaw mos los) thiab urethral (zis)

Cov kev ntawm koom haum saib xyuas mas siv rau cov kev kho mob ntawm kis kab mob ntawm cov poj niam thiab txiv neej nrog txiv neej pw kabmob. Vaginally muab ntau npaum cov ntaub ntawv: kev rho tawm, cream, ntsiav tshuaj, emulsions, tshuaj pleev, suppositories. Cov kev tau thov rau diagnostic hom phiaj thiab rau lub koom haum saib xyuas ntawm contrast agents.

Qhov Ncauj (los ntawm lub qhov ncauj)

Qhov no yog feem ntau lawv cov koom haum saib xyuas ntawm enteral tshuaj. Qhov Ncauj ntau npaum ntaub ntawv noj ntau yam tshuaj. Active cov khoom xyaw uas muaj nyob rau hauv pharmaceuticals, los ntawm tus mob huam nkag mus rau cov ntshav. Ib tug kho concentration yog hu nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm ib tug nruab nrab ntawm 10-15 feeb tom qab cov tshuaj thawj coj. Sis nrog digestive kua txiv, enzymes, khoom noj khoom haus tawg tsam yog ua raws li qhov tau txais tsab ntawv ntawm medicaments enterally. Nws yog zoo li kev noj cov tshuaj sai li sai tau tom qab ib tug noj mov thiab thaum lub sij hawm noj mov.

Yog li, cov tshuaj yuav rov los ntawm ntau yam tshuaj nyob rau hauv ib tug acidic nruab nrab. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub sij hawm yog lub sij hawm ntawm kev noj cov tshuaj rau peb caug feeb ua ntej noj mov. Thaum lub sij hawm no lawv yuav tsis yuav tsum tau raug mus pais plab kua txiv thiab nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm cov as-ham yog absorbed rau hauv cov hlab ntsha mus rau lub siab tshaj plaws qhov twg. Muaj ntau npaum ntaub ntawv coated nrog tshwj xeeb tsa, ua tsaug rau uas cov tshuaj kis unchanged los ntawm lub plab, thiab tsuas yog yaj nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv muaj ib tug tsis muaj zog alkaline ib puag ncig.

Ntsuas ntawm lub (nyob rau hauv lub qhov quav)

Notable cov enteral thawj coj tseem khiav ntawm cov tshuaj muab rau hom no. Rau qhov quav lawv cov koom haum saib xyuas thiab ceev ceev haum tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm ua tau nyiaj pab ntau tshaj kho concentration ntawm lub active tshuaj nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev. Rectally muab tshuaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntau npaum cov ntaub ntawv. Raws li ib tug ntawm xws li cov thawj coj, lawv tsis tawg down los ntawm enzymes ntawm daim siab thiab lub digestive kua txiv. Piv nrog rau qhov ncauj kev kho mob nyhuv yog peb lub sij hawm ntau dua.

Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm enteral lawv ntawm koom haum saib xyuas los ntawm lub qhov quav - yog tib txoj kev los pab tus neeg mob nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nws lub cev tsis nqos los yog nyob rau hauv ib tug tsis nco qab lub xeev, nrog rau ntuav, txhab ntawm tus mob huam. Raws li zoo raws li lub hauj lwm zoo ntawm txoj kev no ntawm thawj coj muaj xws li:

• tsis tuaj kawm ntawv ntawm kev tsis haum tshuaj thiab kev phiv, los sis lawv yog tsawg heev;
• pov thawj cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm qhov quav tshuaj mas siv rau cov kev kho mob ntawm tus me nyuam cov pejxeem, cov neeg laus, cev xeeb tub cov poj niam (thaum lub sij hawm toxicosis);
• npaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov tshuaj ntaub ntawv rau cov kev kho mob los ntawm ntau yam pathological tej yam kev mob.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov enteral lawv ntawv muaj xws li:

• rau qhov quav thawj coj muaj no tsuas muaj ib lub zos tej yam;
• qhov quav mucosa yog raug voos;
• phim siv;
• psychologically tsis yog txhua tus neeg mob yuav siv txoj kev no ntawm thawj coj.

Enteral lawv: zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

Tshuaj ua tswvcuab nyob rau hauv no yav tas, muaj nyob rau hauv lub cev ob lub zos thiab mauj teebmeem.

Qhov zoo ntawm no txoj kev ntawm txoj kev saib xyuas tshuaj:

• yooj yim thiab yooj yim ntawm kev txais tos rau tag nrho cov muaj hnub nyoog;
• feem ntau txoj kev;
• cov neeg mob yuav tsis tau kev pab los ntawm kev pab kho mob cov tub txawg;
• tshem tawm qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv parenteral daim ntawv thov kev noj tshuaj;

Tsis zoo enteral lawv ntawm koom haum saib xyuas:

• nyob rau hauv lub mob huam ncua kuj substance raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm haum mus rau hauv cov ntshav slows cia;
• tshuaj hnyav ncawv raug rau ib tug acidic ib puag ncig;
• deactivation tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub siab npaj;
• nyob rau haum cov tshuaj muaj feem xyuam rau cov kev mob ntawm tus mob huam thiab qog ua kua week;
• rau pharmacological kev txiav txim ntawm cov tshuaj muaj feem xyuam rau tus neeg mob lub hnub nyoog, muaj cov kab mob.

Lwm txoj kev siv yeeb tshuaj koom haum saib xyuas - yog lub parenteral lawv.

Cov thawj coj ntawm cov tshuaj los ntawm cov qauv no yog nqa tawm bypassing cov hnyuv thiab muab mus rau hauv lub nram qab no thawj coj.

tso dej

Qhov zoo ntawm cov qauv no:

• Ceev cov nyhuv.
• Nws yog ua tau los yog xam yuav tsum tau concentration ntawm cov tshuaj rau tus neeg mob, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov neeg mob uas tau txais cov kws khomob.
• Yog muab cov tshuaj uas thab plaub mucosal sai sai decompose los yog hnov mob sib nrog lub digestive kua txiv.

intra

Nws yog siv rau perfusion ntawm tej yam kabmob ntawm lub active tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv lam khoom. Hlab ntsha thrombosis - lub feem ntau loj heev sab nyhuv ntawm parenteral thawj coj ntawm cov tshuaj.

intramuscular

Ib tug kho concentration ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub cev nce mus txog ib tug ncov tsis pub dhau 20 feeb raws li lub pharmacological pab pawg neeg ntawm cov tshuaj muab. Lub volume ntawm cov tshuaj tso cai los ntawm no txoj kev ntawm koom haum saib xyuas yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav ntau tshaj 10 ml. Tsis zoo: tsis kaj siab los yog mob nov ntawm nqaij tawv thaum lub sij hawm thiab tom qab cov thawj coj ntawm cov tshuaj; rwj peev xwm tsim, lub koob nkag mus rau hauv ib txog hlab ntsha, kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hlab fibers.

subcutaneous

Rau no hom ntawm koom haum saib xyuas yog tsis haum rau tag nrho cov tshuaj.

Tus kho nyhuv yog qeeb qeeb tshaj los ntawm tso dej los yog intramuscular lawv ntawm cov thawj coj, tab sis ntev.

nqus tau pa

Nrog rau qhov no hom tshuaj thawj coj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov aerosol, hmoov, los yog roj yog heev sai absorbed. Nws muaj ib tug hauv zos thiab tej zaum general kev txiav txim.

intrathecal

Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no ntawm thawj coj cov tshuaj yog txhaj ncaj qha mus rau hauv lub subarachnoid qhov chaw thiab yog siv nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob ntawm:

• tshuaj loog: tus txha caj qaum los yog tus txha caj;
• tsim ib tug siab concentration ntawm antibacterial los yog hormonal tshuaj.

Thaum cov tshuaj yog thov topically rau hauv txheej week (qhov ntswg, qhov muag, daim tawv nqaij) los yog qhov chaw ntawm daim tawv nqaij nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tsim ib tug laus los yog mauj cov nyhuv.

Tsis zoo: long-term siv, nyob rau hauv particular lawm preparations, feem ntau tsim sab tshua xws li voos.

Nrog physiotherapeutic cov txheej txheem electrophoresis tshuaj los ntawm qhov chaw los ntawm qhov tam sim no yog pauv mus rau lub sib sib zog nqus khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm daim tawv nqaij, muab qhov yuav tsum tau pharmacological kev txiav txim.

Tshwj xeeb muab

Enteral sib tov yog txhais thiab siv tau rau cov kev kho mob ntawm ntau yam kab mob:

• mob ntshav qab zib;
• raum, hepatic, ua pa tsis ua hauj lwm;
• dysbiosis thiab lwm yam digestive kab mob.

Nutrient sib tov vim lub xub ntiag ntawm prebiotics muaj ib tug nyhuv lig rau tib neeg lub cev:

• normalize lub plab thiab cov nyuv;
• pab txoj kev plob tsis so tswj kom thiab haum ntawm active tshuaj txheej txheem;
• txhawb lwm cov epithelial nyuv cov ntaub so ntswg;
• thiaj li piam thaj haum tus nqi;
• tej yam rau txos cholesterol.

Kom xaiv lawv cov thawj coj rau ib qho tus neeg mob, noj mus rau hauv tus account ntawm sab los, ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus lub sij hawm ntawm pib ntawm pharmacological kev txiav txim ntawm cov tshuaj, raws li zoo raws li kev noj mus rau hauv tus account nws mob yog ib tug ntawm cov kev sib tw txojkev noj qab haus huv neeg ua hauj lwm.