Grotesque: piv txwv nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Qhov twg yuav siv cov grotesque?

Lo lus "grotesque" derives los ntawm Fabkis lub sij hawm lub ntsiab lus "comic", "funny", "intricate", "bizarre". Nws yog tus hiob txais tos nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, uas, xws li cov hyperbole yog raws li nyob rau hauv exaggeration, kom yuav pab qualities ntawm cov neeg, raws li zoo raws li lub thaj chaw ntawm tej yam ntuj tso phenomena, tej khoom, cov lus tseeb ntawm lub neej kev. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub grotesque exaggeration muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb cim: nws yog zoo heev, uas yog tsis tau kiag li tso tawm kom pom nruab nrab xwb dhau qhov thiaj li hu ua lub neej zoo li, tab sis siv tau, nrog rau cov ntxim yuav zoo siv ntawm tej zaum yuav tsis txaus. Ib tug indispensable mob rau cov uas muaj ib tug grotesque (piv txwv peb yuav tseem xav txog tej yam) - nws yog ib tug zoo heev deformation ntawm cov uas twb muaj tiag.

Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm lub sij hawm

Lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th rau xa mus rau lub hom artistic imagery, yog heev txawv txawv. Nyob rau hauv ib ntawm lub qhov tsua ancient Rome thaum lub sij hawm lub excavations nthuav thiab thawj qhia txog yam tshiab twb pom nyob rau hauv uas lub intertwined zoo heev ntau yam ntawm tib neeg, tsiaj thiab cog cov ntaub ntawv.

Qhov twg yuav siv cov grotesque?

Nrog rau hyperbole, siv dav nyob rau hauv fairy tales, legends thiab myths xwb ntawm lub grotesque. Piv txwv ntawm nws nyob rau hauv cov yam ntau heev heev. Ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau cov tawm nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg - ib txoj kev Koshchey Immortal.

Writers, tsim cim raws li nyob rau hauv lub grotesque, yog siv raws li ib tug artistic convention exaggeration. Yog li ntawd nws muaj peev xwm realistically tau justified (e.g., nyob rau hauv qhov kev piav qhia Khlestakov Petersburg lub neej, uas yog lub txiaj ntsim uas mob siab rau qhov no cim mus pw). Nyob rau hauv Lermontov tej hauj lwm, cov txheej txheem no yog siv rau ib tug romantic duab ntawm cov txheej xwm thiab cov cim. Nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv txawm tias ua tau, tab sis exceptional. Blurring rau ib thaj tsam ntawm lub tiag tiag thiab zoo heev, tab sis lawv tsis ploj.

Lub hauv paus ntawm lub grotesque

Tsis yooj yim sua, unthinkable, tab sis tsim nyog rau tus sau nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua tau ib tug tej yam artistic cov nyhuv yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub grotesque. Nws yog ib, yog li ntawd, ib tug zoo heev hyperbole, raws li ib txwm exaggeration yog closer rau kev muaj tiag, thaum lub sij hawm grotesque - ib tug nightmarish npau suav, qhov twg exciting tswv yim Dreamscapes zajlus kom piav tsis tau yuav, yuav ua tau ib tug terrifying "kev muaj tiag" rau cov neeg. Nws txuas lub rov tshwm sim ntawm grotesque imagery nrog complex mechanisms, uas yog tib neeg lub siab. Nws INTERACTIONS nco thiab meej pem. Raws li cov exaggeration ntawm cov dluab tias yog li ntawd twb tshoov peb siab nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm uas tsim los ntawm haiv neeg sau phau ntawv, tsis muaj zem muaj yog feem ntau lub cim nyob rau hauv kev npau suav. Nws yog heev feem ntau siv grotesque. Piv txwv nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem xws li cov nram qab no: nws npau suav Tatiana Larinoj thiab Raskolnikova.

Zoo heev hais thiab Raskolnikov npau suav Larina

Dreaming Tatyany Larinoy (cov khoom ntawm "Eugene Onegin", lub thib tsib tshooj) uas muaj cov dluab ntawm monsters, uas yog grotesque. Nrog ntshai heev ceeb toom no cim nyob rau hauv shabby tsev pheebsuab zoo heev las voos, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv cov duab grotesque. Piv txwv: "pob txha taub hau nyob rau hauv lub gus caj dab", "cancer astride ib tug kab laug sab," "zaum khooj ywb seev cev" zeb.

Nyob rau hauv lub npau suav, Raskolnikov kuj yog ib tug zoo heev txoj kev luag qub poj niam yog tsim, uas muaj peev xwm kuj yuav ntaus nqi mus rau grotesque. Puas siab puas ntsws sib npaug ntawm qhov tseeb yog vwm lub zeem muag ntawm tus hero: nws sib ntaus tawm tsam kev phem, uas yog embodied nyob rau hauv cov duab yog "phem qub poj niam," nyob rau hauv lub kawg muab tau cia li ib tug ua dag nriaj, zoo li ib tug nqa tawm nrog windmills Don Quixote. Tsuas yog kev phem luag wildly tshaj Raskolnikov. Ua li cas nws craves frantic mus tua nws, thiaj li loj hlob ntau thiab ntau rau nws tus kheej.

Tiabsis cov muaj tseeb dluab, lub sijhawm cov txheej xwm

Los ntawm ntau yam sau phau ntawv rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub grotesque dluab ntawm cov kos duab zoo li peb kiag li absurd, implausible los ntawm lub standpoint ntawm kev txiav txim siab. Emotional thiab kev paub qhia lo, ciav lawv cov nyhuv yog tam feem ntau los ntawm lub fact tias xws li imagery ua num ua ke muaj tseeb, kuj zoo tib yam, plausible cov txheej xwm, lub sijhawm.

Xav zoo zoo hais nyob rau hauv tus npau suav thiab Larinoj Raskolnikova

Hais nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag ob ntawm cov khoom muaj grotesque, thiab tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lawv: Piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, cov ua hauj lwm los ntawm lwm tus sau phau kuj qhia rau ntawm ob tug hais nyob rau hauv nws (thiab muaj tiag fantasy). Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib tug npau suav phem uas tau ua npau suav Tatyana, cim tshwm sim nrog rau scary monsters, yooj yim coj los Lensky thiab Onegin.

Nyob rau hauv tus npau suav hero Raskolnikov lub txug thiab cov grotesque duab ntawm qhov teeb meem no ntawm qhov rov nyob rau hauv uas lub luag qub poj niam portrayed yog heev tiag tiag. Nws yog ib tug npau suav, lub cim xeeb ntawm lub ntsiab cim ntawm lub tua neeg ua phem los ntawm nws. Tsis muaj dab tsi zoo nkauj yog tsis taus, thiab lub txim txhaum.

Siv grotesque satirical txawj sau ntawv

Lug siv ua ke ntawm zoo tib yam thiab txhua hnub kev xwm txheej nrog grotesque imagery ntau yam satirical txawj sau ntawv. Yog li, dluab ntawm lub nroog mayors Glupov, yog ib tus uas "hloov yog" es tsis txhob ntawm lub paj hlwb, thiab lwm yam nyob rau lub xub pwg nyom cov khoom ua si lub taub hau, tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub "Keeb kwm ntawm ib tug lub zos" los ntawm Saltykov-Shchedrin.

Zaj dab neeg no yog lawm ua tus sau nrog ntau thiab ib co grotesque, unbelievable lub sijhawm (tsov rog tawm tsam cov neeg uas tsis kam siv mustard; "ua tsov ua rog ntawm kev kawm ntawv", etc ...). Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv coj tus sau mus rau lub absurd, tab sis portray Russia heev zoo tib yam tsis sib haum thiab contradictions ntawm cov neeg thiab samodurnoy lub hwj chim.

Peb tham luv luv txog dab tsi yog grotesque. Piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav muab lwm yam. Lawv yog cov heev heev heev. Yog li, ib tug heev nrov phenomenon - lub grotesque. Piv txwv nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus yuav supplemented los ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm txawv teb chaws sau phau ntawv raws li nyob rau hauv lawv cov chaw ua hauj lwm, qhov no artistic cov txheej txheem siv heev nquag.