Haiv segregation: hais tias qhov no tswvyim yog hnub no?

Nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States, kom txog thaum tsis ntev los no, muaj ib qhov kev sib cais ntawm cov dawb pejxeem, dub thiab Isdias Asmesliskas, lub thiaj-hu ua haiv neeg segregation. Lub ntsiab txhais ntawm no phenomenon yog zoo tshaj plaws tshwm sim los ntawm nws cov kev cai lij choj thiab tseeb sib nrauj.

cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm

Segregation nyob rau hauv txoj cai pib nyob rau hauv 1865 tom qab lub official abolition ntawm kev ua cev qhev nyob rau hauv America. Lub npe nrov 13th pauv txwv tsis pub cev qhev thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm legitimized lub hav zoov ntawm cais negro tsev kawm ntawv, khw muag khoom, thiab cov tub rog units.

Nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub XX xyoo pua ib tug series ntawm cov kev cai nyob rau hauv segregation ntawm haiv neeg Japanese, xws li "Act mus kaws Asians" ua rau nws yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua kom tau tias yog neeg Amelikas ntawm lawv tau txais.

Tsev neeg segregation

Nyob rau hauv localities qhov twg txoj kev ntawm lub neej tsis tau hloov rau xyoo lawm, cov neeg ntawm txawv haiv neeg muaj feeb selilos nyob rau hauv cais chaw los ntawm txhua lwm yam. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm cov zos Ameslikas sawv tsev neeg segregation. Yuav ua li cas no txhais tau tias yuav los ua piv txwv los ntawm cov piv txwv ntawm New York, qhov uas thoob plaws hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm nws lub neej tsim raug rho tawm Negro, Suav, Japanese zej zog.

Tsev neeg segregation yuav siv sij hawm ntau yam ntaub ntawv. Piv txwv li, nyias muaj nyias kev kawm ntawv rau cov dub thiab dawb nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States ntawd kub ntev li ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo. Tus thawj raws li txoj cai kev txwv rau segregation nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv tau txais nyob rau hauv ob peb lub US xeev, tsuas nyob rau hauv 1954, thiab nyob rau hauv lub embodiment ntawm nws lub neej nrog lub active txheem ntawm lub dawb pejxeem.

Tib yam li dab tuag phenomenon tau ib tug txiav npluav on mixed sib yuav "dawb" thiab "dawb lias". Cov me nyuam los ntawm tej kev sib yuav tau loj luag thuam thiab thab lawv. Feem ntau lawv tsis xav kom muab rau cov kev cob qhia thiab Negro tsev kawm ntawv, thiab tsev kawm ntawv rau dawb.

Mob Army ...

Cov kev cai lij choj hauv paus ntawm segregation nyob rau hauv lub US Army nyob rau PatientsÕ theem tau pw nyob rau hauv 1792. txog tub rog Act qhia uas yuav pab tau yuav xwb "free tau-bodied dawb txiv neej." Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1863 nws yog tsim los muaj ib txoj kev txheej txheem rau kev nrhiav neeg ntawm dub. Thiab negros tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv nyias muaj nyias ib qhov chaw, qhov twg txawm lub feem ntau xwm txaus qhia nyob los ntawm cov dawb. Lawv ua saib tsis taus thaum muab ib tug uas tsis yog-commissioned officer ibyam, raws li zoo raws li lub awarding ntawm medals thiab qhab nia ntawm hluav taws xob.

Mus txog rau 50-ies ntawm lub XX xyoo pua qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv cov tub rog tseem zoo unchanged. Cais routing ntawm cov kev pab cuam, ib tug txiav npluav on kev koom tes nyob rau hauv hostilities, kev ntxub ntxaug nyob rau hauv awarding npe - tag nrho cov no tub rog segregation. Hais tias qhov no tshwm sim yog unconstitutional li qhia siv kuj eradicated, nws los ua tseeb tsuas yog tom qab tus me nyuam ntawm cov 1964 Civil Rights Act.

Tam sim no lub xeev ntawm affairs

segregation teeb meem thiab niaj hnub no nyob twj ywm heev yam. Cov tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm xibfwb ntawm Harvard University , Gary Orfilda 2006 sau tseg hais tias yuav luag tag nrho cov achievements ntawm American haiv neeg, ua tsaug rau uas eradicated segregation tau poob tshaj yav dhau los xyoo caum. Yuav ua li cas qhov no txhais tau nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no tej yam kev mob, nws yog ib qho yooj yim to taub, tshawb hauv daim ntawv qhia, uas yog tso tawm rau cov tawv nqaij stratification nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm qhov chaw nyob.

Tso ua ke rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub passport cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov neeg nyob ntawm ob peb lub kaum os xeev, cov maps muab ib tug yeeb yam sawv cev ntawm lub hav zoov loj neeg segregation. Nyob rau hauv kev, qhov tsaus ntuj nti-skinned nroog pejxeem ntawm Detroit, St. Louis, Birmingham tseem khom nyias los ntawm lub dawb.

Muaj kuj yog qhov opposite saib, raws li uas lub tebchaws United States yog kom meej meej ib kev sib rau lub kev sib nrig sib koom ua ke ntawm cov pejxeem. Tshaj yav dhau los 10 xyoo, haiv neeg segregation tau tsis yeem nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov loj US lub zos.

Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov kev xaiv tsa rau tus ncej ntawm US President Baraka Obamy African-American tso cai los txo xws li ib tug txaj muag phenomenon li segregation. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv American haiv neeg zoo stamped tawm, tshaj tawm hais tias nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv qhia economists Edvarda Glauzera los ntawm Harvard University thiab Iakova Vigdora ntawm Duke University.

Nyob rau hauv lawv txoj kev tshawb no, nws sau ntawv tias nyob rau hauv 2010, "dub ghettos" inhabited xwb 20% ntawm cov dub nyob ntawm America, whereas no daim duab mus txog 50% nyob rau hauv 1960. Txawm li cas los, cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm kev koom ua ke nyob rau hauv loj US lub zos tseem tsis tau tib yam, thiab cov neeg nyob rau hauv Atlanta, Houston, Dallas thiab ntau kev tshaj nyob rau hauv New York. Ntawm lub 13 lub zos nrog lub siab tshaj plaws kev faib ua feem ntawm African Americans of New York qha kawg siab rau kev koom ua ke "xim". Nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm tag nrho cov uas twb muaj lawm muab siab npuab kev pab cuam, nws tseem yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau segregated lub zos nyob rau hauv lub US.