Igor Stravinsky: lub biography thiab yees duab

Igor Stravinsky, uas nws biography yog nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm - ib tug zoo heev Lavxias teb sab composer, pianist thiab neeg xyuas pib. Nws yog ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm cov suab paj nruas modernism. Igor Fedorovich - ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj neeg sawv cev ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ntawm cov kos duab.

biography

Nyob rau hauv 1882, Lub rau hli ntuj 17, yug Igor Stravinsky. Luv luv biography ntawm lub composer muab cov niam txiv ib lub tswv yim ntawm qhov chaw uas tus me nyuam tub muaj xws li ib tug nqhis dej rau cov suab paj nruag. Nws txiv - Feodor Ignatievich - yog ib tug opera singer, soloist ntawm lub Mariinsky ua yeeb yam, zoo siab uas Artist ntawm Russia. Niam Anna Kirillovna yog ib tug pianist. Nws coj ib feem nyob rau hauv concerts ntawm nws tus txiv li ib tug accompanist. Family tuav nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm ntxias, musicians thiab sau ntawv. Ib tug heev qhua nyob rau hauv lub Stravinsky yog F. M. Dostoevsky. Txij li thaum tseem yog menyuam yaus uas txuas mus rau lub suab paj nruag thiab Igor Stravinsky. Duab ntawm cov niam txiv composer nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Nyob rau hauv 9 lub xyoo, lub neej yav tom ntej composer pib coj kev ntaus piano. Thaum Igor Fedorovich kawm tiav los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv, cov niam txiv hais tias nws tau txais nws txoj kev cai degree. Yav tom ntej composer kawm nyob rau ntawm St. Petersburg University thiab nrog nws tus kheej kawm cov suab paj nruas-theoretical disciplines. Nws ib lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj private qhia Igor Fedorovich coj los ntawm Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. Nyob rau hauv cov coj ntawm no kuj zoo kawg txiv neej Stravinsky sau nws thawj thawj hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv xyoo 1914, Igor Fedorovich tsiv nrog nws tsev neeg mus Switzerland. Tsis ntev tom qab tus thawj lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog, vim hais tias cov neeg uas Stravinsky tsis rov qab mus rau Russia. Ib xyoo tom qab, lub composer tsiv mus rau Fabkis. Txij li thaum 1936, Igor Fedorovich pib taug kev mus rau lub tebchaws United States nyob ncig saib. Tom qab lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II pib, nws tsiv mus tas li mus rau America. Nyob rau hauv 1944 Stravinsky ua ib tug txawv txawv kev kho ntawm lub US national anthem thiab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev hais kwv txhiaj. No nws twb puas tau raug ntes. Nws tiv nplua rau anthem distortion. Lub composer nws tus kheej nyiam tsis txhob tshaj tawm qhov teeb meem thiab yuav tau nco ntsoov hais tias nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb muaj yog tsis muaj leej twg. Nyob rau hauv 1945 lub composer los ua ib tug American pej xeem. Igor Fedorovich tuag nyob rau hauv 1971. Ua ntawm txoj kev tuag - lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm. Lavxias teb sab composer yog faus nyob rau hauv lub toj ntxas ntawm San Michele, Venice.

muaj tswv yim txoj kev

Raws li kuv hais saum toj no, nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov sau tau nws thawj heev tej hauj lwm ntawm Igor Stravinsky. Composer hais kom lawv cov pej xeem, thiab nyob rau ib tug ntawm cov ua yeeb yam tau kawm los ntawm Sergei Diaghilev. Nws qhuas cov music Igorya Stravinskogo. Tsis ntev, tus naas ej impresario pom tias Igor Fedorovich kev koom tes. Nws txiav txim kom nws mus sau cov suab paj nruag rau cov neeg dhia tes rau nws "Lavxias teb sab Seasons" nyob rau hauv Paris. Stravinsky collaborated nrog Diaghilev rau peb lub xyoo thiab thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no sau rau nws lub tuam txhab peb ballets uas ua rau nws nto moo: "Lub Rite ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav," "Petrushka" thiab "Lub Firebird." Nyob rau hauv 1924, Igor Fedorovich ua nws debut raws li ib tug pianist. Tus kheej ua hauj lwm - Concerto rau Piano thiab Cua Orchestra - ua nyob rau theem Igor Stravinsky. Neeg xyuas pib manifested nyob rau hauv nws ua ntej ntawd. Nyob rau hauv hais tias muaj peev xwm, nws tau txais kev pab los ntawm 1915 mus 1926. Yeej nws ua qhov kev kawm ntawm nws tus kheej tej hauj lwm. Nws twb heev xav tau ntawm musicians. Nyob rau hauv 50-60 xyoo, nws tau ua ib tug audio cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv feem ntau ntawm nws tej hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv 1962, Stravinsky tuaj nyob ncig saib nyob rau hauv lub USSR.

Tej lub neej

Nyob rau hauv 1906, lub composer sib yuav nws nkauj muam nraug nus - Ekaterina Nosenko. Nws yog ib tug sib yuav ntawm txoj kev hlub. Stravinsky Qhov ob peb muaj plaub tug me nyuam: Milena, Lyudmila, thiab Theodore Svetoslav. Tub los ua nto moo ntxias. Fedor - cov artist, thiab Svyatoslav - pianist thiab composer. Lyudmila tus ntxhais yog tus poj niam ntawm tus kws sau paj lug Yury Mandelstam. Vim lub fact tias Catherine raug kev txom nyem los ntawm tus kab mob ntsws, Stravinsky sab laug rau lub caij ntuj no nyob rau hauv Switzerland, noo cua Petersburg nyhuv dejnum rau nws noj qab haus huv. Nyob rau hauv xyoo 1914, Igor Fedorovich thiab nws tsev neeg yuav tsum tau nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv Switzerland rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, lawv yuav tsis rov qab mus rau Russia vim hais tias ntawm lub phaum ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua ntej tsov rog, ua raws li los ntawm ib tug kiv puag ncig raws li. Tag nrho nws cov cuab yeej thiab cov nyiaj uas tseem nyob rau hauv Russia, lub tsev neeg tau ploj lawm. Qhov tseeb yog ntaus nqi raws li ib tug teeb meem Igor Stravinsky. lub composer tsev neeg yog es loj, thiab tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yuav tsum tau muab pub. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau nws tus poj niam thiab plaub tug me nyuam, nws yog ntau tus muam, tub xeebntxwv thiab leej niam. Stravinsky nyob rau hauv no lub sij hawm tau ceased mus txais royalties rau qhov kev kawm ntawm lawv tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Russia. Qhov no tshwm sim vim lub fact tias nws muaj emigrated. Tag nrho cov ntawm nws tej hauj lwm luam tawm nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, tau tso cai rau ua tsis them nyiaj ntawm cov nyiaj rau tus neeg sau ntawv. Yuav kom rectify qhov teeb meem no nyiaj txiag, ib tug tshiab ib tsab ntawm nws tej hauj lwm ua Igor Stravinsky. Tej lub neej composer yog tsis muaj nws cov legends. Nws ntaus nqi qhov yi nrog Koko Shanel. Thaum Stravinsky muaj yuav luag tsis muaj txoj kev livelihood, Mademoiselle pab nws. Nws caw cov composer thiab nws tsev neeg mus nyob rau hauv nws villa. Igor Fedorovich nyob nrog Mademoiselle Chanel ob xyoos. Nws txhawb nqa lub koom haum ntawm concerts los ntawm Stravinsky thiab nws tsev neeg muaj. Thaum lub composer twb tsis nyob rau hauv nws villa, txawm li ntau li ntau 13 xyoo Coco twb xa nws cov nyiaj txhua txhua lub hli. Tag nrho cov no muab sawv mus taug xaiv txog lawv romance. Ntxiv mus, Coco yog ib tug poj niam hlub. Tab sis nws yog doubtful seb cov taug xaiv yog tsis tseeb. Stravinsky xav heev dua lwm yam Fabkis cov nyiaj.

Nyob rau hauv 1939, tus poj niam ntawm Igor Fedorovich tuag. Tom qab ib co sij hawm, Stravinsky sib yuav dua. Nws ob tus poj niam yog tus qub phooj ywg ntawm lub composer - Vera Arturovna Sudeykina.

Lavxias teb sab lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm

Igor Stravinsky, uas nws cov duab uas hais nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, ntawm tus thawj theem ntawm nws cov hauj lwm - yog 1908-1923 xyoo - sau feem ntau tus neeg dhia tes thiab opera. Qhov no lub sij hawm ntawm nws cov hauj lwm no yog hu ua "Lavxias teb sab." Tag nrho tej hauj lwm sau los ntawm nws nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no, muaj ib tug ntau nyob rau hauv ntau. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov muaj cov motifs thiab cov ntxhais los ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus dab neeg. Cov neeg dhia tes "Lub Firebird" kom meej meej pom stylistic nta cov yam ntxwv ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm Rimsky-Korsakov.

Neoclassical lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm

Qhov no yog qhov theem tom ntej ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm creativity ntawm lub composer. Nws lasted kom txog thaum 1954. Pib nws nteg lub opera "Mavra". Lub hauv paus ntawm lub sij hawm no yog lub reinterpretation yeej thiab tiam sis nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag ntawm lub 18th caug xyoo. Qhov kawg ntawm lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm nws ua hauj lwm rau hauv lub composer hais txog antiquity, mus rau lub ancient Greek mythology. tus neeg dhia tes "Orpheus" thiab cov opera "Persephone" twb sau. Xeem ua hauj lwm Stravinsky muaj feem xyuam rau neoclassicism, yog lub "Kaus kev". Qhov no opera los ntawm William Hogarth lub sketches.

Serial lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm

Nyob rau hauv lub 50 xyoo ntawm Igor Stravinsky pib siv cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm seriality. Transitional ua hauj lwm ntawm lub sij hawm no yog lub Cantata, sau nyob rau hauv verses tsis paub hais tias lus Askiv paj huam. Nws yog ib cuab kev tag nrho polifonizatsiya music. Tom ntej tej hauj lwm ntawm lub sij hawm no twb kiag serial, nyob rau hauv uas lub composer uas tonality kiag li. "Nkauj Quaj Ntsuag ntawm tus yaj saub Yelemi," yog sau ntawv kiag li dodecaphony.

Ua hauj lwm rau cov suab paj nruas ua yeeb yam

Daim ntawv teev cov yeeb yam, ballets, fairy tales thiab scenes sau los ntawm tus composer Igor Stravinsky:

• "Lub kab tshoob" (libretto Igorya Stravinskogo).
• "Tus neeg dhia tes Scenes."
• "Petrushka" (libretto los ntawm A. Benoit).
• "Agon".
• "Ua si phaib" (libretto Igorya Stravinskogo).
• "Apollo Musaget".
• "Lub Firebird" (libretto los ntawm M. Fokine).
• "Persephone".
• "Fairy tus hnia" (libretto Igorya Stravinskogo).
• "Pulcinella".
• "Mavra" (libretto los ntawm B. Kohno rau cov paj huam los ntawm Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina).
• "Lub dej nyab."
• "Renard, ib tug lau qaib, ib tug miv thiab lub Ram" (libretto Igorya Stravinskogo).
• "Orpheus".
• "Soldier lub Story" (libretto Sh.F.Ramyu raws li nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab fairy tales).
• "Lub Rite ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav."
• "Lub Kaus kev" (libretto los ntawm Charles W. Auden thiab Kollmena rau duab William Hogarth).
• "Oedipus Rex".
• "Nightingale" (S. libretto Mitusova cov taleas G. H. Andersen).

Daim ntawv teev cov hauj lwm rau orchestra

• "Pam tuag cov tsav Song".
• Symphony nyob rau hauv C.
• Scherzo nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab style.
• "Concert dancing."
• Npawg Prelude.
• Symphony Lawv-dur.
• "Dumbarton Oaks".
• Concerto rau Nkauj laus ncas thiab Orchestra nyob rau hauv D loj.
• "Foob pob hluav taws".
• "Circus polka rau ib tug hluas ntxhw."
• Divertimento.
• "Lub Firebird" - suite los ntawm cov neeg dhia tes.
• Capriccio rau Piano thiab Orchestra.
• "Plaub Norwegian mus ob peb vas."
• Basel qhia.
• Zoo heev Scherzo.
• "Pulcinella" Suite los ntawm cov neeg dhia tes.
• Variations nplooj siab mus rau lub cim xeeb ntawm Aldous Huxley.
• Oda.
• Concerto rau piano, tooj dag orchestra, timpani thiab basses.
• "Movement" rau piano thiab orchestra.
• Symphony nyob rau hauv peb qhov chaw.

rau hu nkauj ua ke

Igor Stravinsky sau ib tug xov tooj ntawm lub suab qw tej hauj lwm. Cov lawv:

• "Introit nco."
• "Symphony Nkauj" (rau hu nkauj ua ke thiab orchestra).
• "Nkauj Quaj Ntsuag ntawm tus yaj saub Yelemi."
• Cantata "Cov lus qhuab qhia, zaj lus piv txwv thiab kev thov Vajtswv" (rau alto, tenor, hais dabneeg, paab chorus tseem thiab orchestra).
• "Creed" (a ua hauj lwm rau kev hu nkauj tsis muaj suab paj nruas accompaniment).
• Cantata rau cov paj huam K. Balmont "Zvezdoliky".
• "Peb Leej Txiv" (rau hu nkauj ua ke tsis muaj suab paj nruas accompaniment).
• "Pam tuag cov tsav zaj nkauj."
• "Cia li zoo siab O nkauj xwb leej niam ntawm Vajtswv."
• Cantata "Babylon" (rau hais dabneeg, txiv neej lub paab chorus tseem thiab orchestra).
• Holy zaj nkauj ntawm St. Mark.
• "Pawg" (rau mixed hu nkauj ua ke, nrog los ntawm ib tug khaub ncaws ntau ntawm cov cua seev).
• Cantata rau cov kwv huam los ntawm anonymous paj huam ntawm ces 15-16 centuries.
• "Podblyudnye" - Lavxias teb sab neeg pluag zaj nkauj rau cov poj niam txoj kev hu nkauj ua ke.
• Hymn mus rau lub TS Eliot paj huam.

Daim ntawv teev cov chamber tej hauj lwm

• Ebony Concerto.
• Elegy rau Viola.
• Peb daim rau Clarinet.
• "Soldier lub Story" - suite los ntawm cov opera rau nkauj laus ncas, Clarinet thiab piano.
• Symphony rau cua nplooj siab Debussy.
• Duo Concertante.
• Peb daim rau txoj hlua Quartet.
• Epitaph mus rau ib tug ntxa M. Egon.
• Prelude mus rau lub jazz band.
• Concertino rau txoj hlua Quartet.
• Ragtime.
• Dual canon R. Dyufi nco.
• Fanfare rau ob cov kav dej.
• Septet rau cov hlua, cua thiab Piano.
• Lullaby rau ob recorders.
• Octet rau cua.

Nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm cov composer

Lub npe Igorya Stravinskogo yog ib tug suab paj nruas lub tsev kawm ntawv, uas yog nyob rau hauv Oranienbaum. nyiaj muas thiab npib tau muab nyob rau hauv Honor kompoziora. Nyob rau hauv lub Fabkis lub zos ntawm Montreux muaj ib tug music auditorium muaj npe tom qab Igorya Stravinskogo. Nyob rau lub ntiaj chaw Mercury muaj ib tug kev ua qab yias muaj npe tom qab nws. Lub npe "Igor Stravinsky" yog neeg mus ncig tebchaws nkoj thiab cov dav hlau ntawm "Aeroflot" A-319. Nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus poj Lavxias teb sab composer npe: txoj kev nyob rau hauv Amsterdam, ib tug ciav nyob rau hauv Paris, txoj kev nyob rau hauv lub Lausanne cheeb tsam Oranienbaum. Nyob rau hauv Ukraine (Volyn) yog ib tug tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Igorya Stravinskogo. Thiab muaj txij li thaum 1994, hosts ib tug thoob ntiaj music Success muaj npe tom qab no composer, neeg xyuas pib thiab pianist.