Koryaksky: hauj lwm, keeb kwm. Roob hluav taws nyob rau hauv Kamchatka

Niaj hnub no, soj ntsuam ntawm Kamchatka tsis tuaj mus rau ib tug kev pom zoo nyob rau hauv lub qhov teeb meem ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm volcanoes rau lub ntiaj teb. Ib txhia ntseeg hais tias lawv yog tsis ntau tshaj ib puas, lwm leej lwm tus ntseeg hais tias ntau txhiab. Xws li ib tug dav variation nyob rau hauv lub kwv yees vim qhov sib txawv mus kom ze rau cov nqe lus nug, tsis yog txhua txhua volcanoes nyob rau Kamchatka ceg av qab teb nyob rau hauv dag zog yuam, muaj ntau yam ntawm lawv niaj hnub no tsis qhia nws, tiam sis vim hais tias lawv pom li xwb nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ces kaum.

Cuaj kaum, xws li ib tug tshaj plaws raws li ib tug "roob hluav taws", kws txawj ntseeg tias ib tug txheeb ze. Qhov no yog hais tias lub active roob hluav taws yog pom tias yuav tau nyob rau hauv yog tias fwm pov thawj hais tias nws puas tau thiaj tawg. Tab sis nws yuav tshwm sim ib puas los yog ib txhiab xyoo dhau los.

Koryaksky - Roob hluav taws acting, nyob rau hauv Kamchatka, peb caug-tsib kilometers sab qaum teb ntawm Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Nws belongs rau stratovolcano.

Koryaksky: qhov twg yog qhov roob hluav taws?

Tom qab xyoo ntawm soj thiab kev tshawb fawb, zaum tau xaus lus tias tus roob hluav taws pib tsim nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, yuav tsum tau pes tsawg, thaum lub sij hawm lub Upper Pleistocene. Xub thawj, lub chaw ntawm cov tam sim no uas nyob lava roob qhov siab ntawm ob thiab ib tug ib nrab kilometers, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub lig Pleistocene niaj hnub khob hliav qab. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov basaltic-andesite thiab andesitic Lavas.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub npe

Nyob rau niaj hnub maps ntau lub npe Koryaksky. Tab sis qhov no lub npe lub roob hluav taws twb tsis yeej ib txwm. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XVII tus naas ej explorer ntawm Kamchatka SP Krasheninnikov nyob rau hauv lawv txoj kev tshawb no yog hu ua Roob hluav taws Turnout Knoll.

City los ntawm ib ncig zos nyob rau hauv cov chaw volcanic iav. Nws twb siv nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, nyob rau hauv particular, rau qhov siv thiab ua cov arrowheads. Qhov no tej zaum yuav piav yog vim li cas tau txais nws cov thib ob lub npe ntawm no lub roob hluav taws lub Kamchatka ceg av qab teb.

Ntau tom qab, nyob rau hauv lub XIX caug xyoo, lub zos, nomadic reindeer herds - Koryak, tsim ib tug hais sib haum ntawm tus taw ntawm lub roob, lawv lub npe hu ua "Koryak". Raws li, qhov roob lub npe hu ua Koryaksky. Nws twb tsau thiab fwm rau hnub no.

Koryaksky: piav qhia

Lub roob hluav taws yog ib feem ntawm lub Koryak-Avachinskaya system thiab yog nyob rau hauv East Ridge. Externally nws pib ib txwm zoo ribbed lub khob hliav qab. Nyob rau ib tug ntshiab tshav ntuj hnub zoo majestically Koryaksky, uas nws qhov siab nce mus txog 3456 meters.

Yuav ua li cas yog zoo tshaj plaws toj?

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm no giant yog ib tug loj circus txoj kab uas hla ntawm ntau tshaj li tsib puas meters nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qaum teb qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm cov uas nqis los rau hauv lub flanks ob lossis loj glacier thiab txiav tawm lub taub. Nyob rau hauv hom roob hluav taws belongs rau stratovolcano. Nws lub khob hliav qab no yog muaj li ntawm basalt thiab andesite vaj tse, raws li zoo raws li cov hmoov tshauv thiab lava.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias lub roob muaj ib tug kuj loj lub - mus txog rau nees nkaum degrees nyob rau hauv lub qis ib feem thiab mus txog rau peb caug-tsib degrees mus rau lub sab saum toj. Kamchatka roob hluav taws muaj slopes, hnyav ncawv Indented, expanding mus rau hauv qab ntawm lub furrows, uas tau nqaij lub ntws dej. Lawv yog cov kom meej meej pom, txawm muaj nrog daus thiab cov dej khov.

kev ua qab yias

Niaj hnub nimno kev ua qab yias yog nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob ib feem ntawm qhov ua siab tshaj. Nws txoj kab uas hla - ob puas meters. Yav tag los eruptions ntawm lub npoo ib tug me ntsis puas. Lwm ancient kev ua qab yias yog nyob rau sab qaum teb sab ntawm lub qhov ua siab tshaj, qhov twg lub circus yog fwm, ntawm qhov tob ntawm ntau tshaj ib puas meters thiab ib lub cheeb ntawm tsib puas meters. Nws yog tam sim no tibneeg hu tauj coob glacier.

Tag nrho cov sab qaum teb nqes hav ntawm lub roob hluav taws them nrog daus teb thiab glaciers. Lawv ncab mus rau lub ko taw ntawm plaub kis lus mev. Thiab lub sab slopes ntawm cov toj them nrog tuab forests ntawm pob zeb birch thiab ntsias ntoo thuv. Kom txog rau thaum tam sim no, qhov no lub roob hluav taws nyob rau hauv Kamchatka yog ib tug active, txawm hais tias nws loj tsis heev sib haum mus rau qhov kev siv ntawm cov eruptions.

kev txuag cov chaw

Kamchatka roob hluav taws Koryak nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tiv thaiv:

• Natural Park "Nalychevo", nyob rau hauv 1996 mus rau hauv lub UNESCO ntiaj teb cuab yeej cuab tam Sau;
• State Reserve (lom) "Peb volcanoes", tsim nyob rau hauv 1994 los tiv thaiv cov dub-capped Marmot, Bighorn yaj, gopher thiab txwv rau kev yos hav zoov hom ntawm cov tsiaj thiab cov noog.

volcanic Kev ua

Roob hluav taws Koryaksky tseem tsis zoo to taub. Txawm li cas los, zaum twb tau mus nrhiav kom paub tias dhau tus xeem xya txhiab xyoo nyob rau hauv lub saum toj muaj xya eruptions - nyob rau hauv 5050, 1950 thiab 1550 xyoo BC, thiab nyob rau hauv 1890, 1926 thiab 1956. Xeem kev ua si kaw nyob rau hauv 2008. City saib kev tawg ntawm haus luam yeeb thiab cov hmoov tshauv nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob nqes hav. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov ntoo tshauv plume stretches tshaj 100 km.

Cov kev tawg ntawm 1926 twb ywm. Muaj tsis muaj explosions los ntawm kev ua qab yias lava ntws calmly. Qhov thib ob uas, uas pib nyob rau hauv 1956, yog ntau npaum li cas kom nquag plias. Kws txawj hais tias nws yog ib tug heev neeg. Los ntawm cov tsim kis, qhov ntev ntawm uas yog kwv yees li tsib puas, thiab cov dav ntawm txog kaum tsib meters, ncej tshauv tsoo thiab roj nce mus rau ib tug qhov siab ntawm ib txhiab xya pua meters. Thaum zoo li no lava eruptions raug kaw.

Dua tag City Koryaksky nyob rau hauv 2008. Tus tshiab tawm ntawm gases thiab cov hmoov tshauv tsim txoj kev taug, uas stretches rau kaum tawm kis lus mev. Tab sis tom qab no uas ua raws li. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov roob hluav taws yog active es tsis tshua muaj, nws yog muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov volcanoes decades. Txij li thaum 1996, nws nkag mus hauv daim ntawv teev cov kaum peaks, uas yog kawm los ntawm tus UN Commission (IAVCEI). Lawv suav hais tias yog feem ntau txaus ntshai vim hais tias ntawm qhov sib thooj rau tib neeg settlements.

City volcanic kev ua si ntaus nqi heev calmly, hu nws tsuas "lub Koryak Autonomous Area," thiab thaum nws haus luam yeeb - hais tias lub roob hluav taws haus luam yeeb. Snowboarders tau ntev muab sau lub melting ntawm glaciers, uas muaj nyob rau ntawm lub caj, uas tsuas qhia txoj kev. Los ntawm cov toj pib Paratunski nto moo kub springs.

Koryaksky: nce toj

Tam sim no lub roob hluav taws yog dormant. Nyob rau nws qhov chaw siab tshaj yog peb tso zis fumarole gases, uas nyob rau txawv sij hawm nyob qhov twg qhov kub thiab txias ntawm lub nce mus +273 ° C. Koryak roob hluav taws yog nrov ntawm tej roob climbers. roob ntxhab txaus slopes ua nce toj heev, yuav tau ib co kev cob qhia thiab kev txawj. Tu siab, nws tua ob peb inexperienced conquerors ntawm roob saum uas overestimated lawv lub zog.

Raws li ib tug txoj cai, lub Koryak Roob hluav taws, yog ib lub zos landmark vim hais tias ntawm lub ntseg slopes, sib sib zog nqus Barranco tsis txhob disturb zoo tib yam tourists, thiab? Qhov zoo ces, nws tsis npaj loj ascensions, raws li, piv txwv li, lub nyob sib ze Avachinskaya sab saum toj.

Tus thawj conquerors ntawm lub roob hluav taws

Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov thawj mus cuag qhov ua siab tshaj ntawm lub roob hluav taws Koryak naturalist thiab tus kws kho mob Lavxias teb sab nkoj "Alexander" - F. V. Shteyn. Qhov no sawv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 1821. Raws li tseem muaj sia nyob cov ntaub ntawv nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nyob rau hauv lub XX xyoo pua, thawj climbed lub roob hluav taws nyob rau hauv 1934, coj los ntawm ib tug neeg sau xov xwm los ntawm Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky - Steblichem.

Plaub lub xyoos tom qab, nws yeej rau sab saum toj thawj tug poj niam - Pauline Sushkova. Xya xyoo tom qab, qhov no siab tawv poj niam yuav luag ntaus los ntawm qhov uas ntawm Avacha roob hluav taws, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 1945.

Lub roob hluav taws nyob cia li peb caug kilometers ntawm Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Nws sab saum toj yog txawv nyob rau hauv complexity kev - los ntawm 1B rau 3A. Cov climbers hais tias technically nce yog tsis heev nyuaj. Txawm li cas los, nws yog loj nyob rau hauv lub cev ua si vim rau qhov siab qhov sib txawv.

Start nce toj yog tau nrog rau lub hauv paus camp, uas yog xa mus rau lub ncaws pob rau lawv. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm ib qhov siab ntawm cuaj meters. Nce mus rau saum toj, koj yuav ua tau ib tug los yog ob hnub. Ntev lawv yog nyiam, txawm li cas los, nws muaj nws cov drawbacks. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, qhov no kev txhawj xeeb qhov yuav tsum tau mus nce lub qhov siab ntawm ntau tshaj li ob txhiab meters tsaug zog hnab, tsev pheebsuab, teeb, khoom noj khoom haus thiab dej.

Nce ib hnub, nws yuav siv sij hawm tsis muaj ntau tshaj li kaum ib - kaum ob teev. Lub qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob yog sai, hais txog plaub - tsib lub sij hawm. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub sij hawm rau nce toj lub Koryak Roob hluav taws climbers xav txog lub sij hawm ntawm nruab nrab-Plaub Hlis Ntuj mus rau thaum xaus ntawm lub rau hli ntuj. Thaum lub sij hawm no muaj yog tsis muaj mob loj heev frosts, thiab tag nrho cov teb irregularities thiab xoob pob zeb yog tseem them nrog daus daim pam securely.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub sij hawm no, nws yog yooj yim los ntawm lub roob hluav taws snowboards los yog skis. Nce toj yuav ua rau tib neeg nrog rau lub yooj yim kev txawj ntse nyob rau hauv mountaineering - yuav tsum tau mus taug kev nyob rau hauv ib nras, siv ib tug dej khov taus thiab crampons. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev thiab ib tug zoo lub cev daim ntawv. Cov climbers kom beginners sim lawv txhais tes thaum pib, mus rau lub Avacha roob hluav taws, uas nws qhov siab yog 2751 meters.

Qhov lawv ncaws pob yuav muab xa mus los ntawm tib lub puag camp. Rau beginners Avacha Roob hluav taws yog ib yam ntawm cov kev sib tw, thiab ib tug zoo workout ua ntej lub loj nce toj.

Tsis txhob hnov qab txog lub twj tshwj xeeb, tsis muaj uas nws ua tsis tau nyob rau hauv lub roob. Ntawm no yog ib daim ntawv teev tsim nyog yam:

• sleeping hnab;
• tsev pheebsuab;
• crampons thiab cov dej khov axes;
• sov hnab looj tes;
• khaub-ncaws nyias cia tsho;
• lub ntsej muag daim npog qhov ncauj (los tiv thaiv los ntawm cov cua);
• teeb cov hnab looj tes;
• thermal ris tsho hauv qab;
• ris los ntawm daim nyias nyias cov ntaub so ntswg;
• thermal thom khwm;
• nce toj khau looj plab hlaub;
• Snowboard los yog caij duav saum npu khoom (teem qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob los ntawm cov roob hluav taws),
• lub tshuab nqus tsev hwj (1 liter);
• looj tsom iav dub;
• trekking sticks;
• tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub.

Yuav ua li cas mus txog tod?

Los ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab lub zos ntawm Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky txuas huab cua thiab hiav txwv mus. Yelizovo tshav dav hlau, uas ua hauj lwm pab hauv lub nroog yog thoob ntiaj teb. Los ntawm nws muaj kev flights rau ntau lub zos nyob rau hauv Russia (Vladivostok, Moscow, Khabarovsk, St. Petersburg, Magadan, Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk thiab lwm tus). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, khiav domestic cua nyob rau hauv UST-Kamchatsk, Ozernovsky, Palani, Nikolskoye (Commander Islands), Ossorio. Ntawm suburban settlements Moss, Avacha, Nagorny, Dolinovka mus rau lub roob hluav taws yuav tsum tau hu los ntawm chaw tos tsheb loj.

Nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm tag nrho cov uas tau pom Koryaksky, zoo siab nrog rau lub extraordinary tej kev zoo nkauj thiab lub hwj chim. Vulcan ua ib tug lossis loj lub tswv yim txawm nyob rau cov tourists uas tsis ua kom qhov ascent, yog li ntawd yog koj muaj lub sij hawm mus xyuas nyob rau hauv Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, nco ntsoov mus xyuas cov toj.