Lake Tengiz nyob rau hauv Kazakhstan: duab, hauj lwm

Nyob rau hauv lub hnub ci Kazakhstan, muaj ntau tshaj plaub caug txhiab lub pas dej. Muaj ua thiab ntau tshaj 4,000 tus txiv neej-ua reservoirs, sau loj heev reserves ntawm cov dej tshiab.

Qhov zoo tshaj thiab kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm cov dej nyob rau hauv pas dej txawv nyob ntawm seb qhov xwm aav: ib tug steppe aav yog kwv yees li 740 pas dej, steppe aav - tshaj 1870 nyob rau hauv semi - 216, nyob rau hauv cov suab puam qhov chaw - 142. Tag nrho cov deg hauv cheeb tsam ntawm tag nrho cov dej ntawm lub pas dej nce mus txog 45 txhiab sq. M. kilometers. Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm lawv - Zaisan, Alakol, Balkhash, thiab Sasykkol Seletyteniz. Co yog ib tug iab-qab ntsev pas dej Tengiz, uas yuav tsum tau los sib tham nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Feem ntau ntawm cov pas dej ncab rau lub Turan thiab Caspian lowlands, tiaj nrag ntawm lub West Siberian, nyob rau hauv mountainous qhov chaw ntawm lub sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub xeev thiab nyob rau hauv qhov uas tsis muaj roob ntawm Saryarka. Yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm lawv teev, yog li ntawd muaj ntsev dej. Nyob rau hauv muaj ntau yam reservoirs nws yog ntsev tsuas.

Kaw lub pas dej: qhov chaw, loj

Nws yog ib lub pas dej nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub State Korgalzhin Reserve, nyob rau hauv ib tug tectonic kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv lub center ntawm Sary-Arka (Uplands). Nyob rau hauv lub pas dej Tengiz, uas muaj ntau lub me me Islands tuaj, dej ntws mus rau hauv Kulanutpes thiab Nura.

Lub cheeb tsam ntawm tej yam ntuj tso reservoir yog 1590 square meters. kilometers, raws qhov ntev ntawm nws ntev yog 75 km, qhov tob nce mus txog qhov chaw 8 meters thiab cov dav yog 40 kis lus mev.

piav qhia

Pav ca hauv qab ntawm lub reservoir, muab cov tais dub sludge haum rau kho siv. Cov dej qab ntsev.

Lake Tengiz nyob rau hauv Kazakhstan yog heev loj, nws loj peb lub sij hawm loj Lake Constance. waterfront ntau sordid. Nws tau pub mov rau hauv lub pas dej no mas snowmelt dej. Nyob rau hauv lub driest xyoo, npaum li cas ntawm lub pas dej dries li. Nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis Tengiz freezes, thiab nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis qhib. Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm dej muaj xws li cov ntsev (salinity ntawm lub pas dej no yog los ntawm 3 mus rau 12.7 grams ib m³, thiab nyob rau hauv lub Gulf - 18,2 grams ib m³).

Tengiz yog tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv hais tias nws rau thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Soviet qhov chaw pab cuam yog kev vam meej splashdown qhov chaw lub hom phiaj pab pawg "Soyuz-23".

Lub peculiarity ntawm lub pas dej

Lake Tengiz uniqueness yog hais tias nws yog ib tug ntawm ob peb lub yeej amazingly zoo nkauj fairy noog - lub ntiaj teb no lub northernmost chaw ua taus zes pejxeem ntawm liab flamingos.

Qhov no yog ib tug heev ceev faj cov noog uas xaiv mus zes yooj yim mus rau qhov chaw neeg. Tsis ceeb, lawv tsawm nws nyob rau hauv cov Islands tuaj ntawm lub pas dej: nws them tej cheeb tsam ntawm ntsev ua kiav txhab. Ib txhij no zes mus rau 14 kilobases, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv tag nrho tej zaum yuav mus txog 60,000.

Lawv nyob ntawm no thiab heev tsawg dub stork, liab-breasted gus , thiab whooper kuab. Nyob rau hauv lub loj heev steppe ntuj hovering dua lub pas dej zoo siab steppe eagles. Tsuas muaj cov tsis muaj ntses ntawm no.

Tag nrho cov ecosystem

Txij li thaum 1968, feem ntau ntawm ib ncig ntawm lub cheeb tsam ib ncig lub pas dej Tengiz yog ib tug tiv thaiv cheeb tsam thiab yog ib feem ntawm lub Kurgaldzhino cia ntawm kev yos hav zoov. Nyob rau hauv kev, unattractive pas dej rau Waterfowl ohotopromyslovyh noog xws li os thiab cov os, tiam sis yog ib qhov chaw zoo rau zes gulls, Sandpipers thiab terns. Reedbeds yog lub tsev mus rau ntau hom Waterfowl, tsis tsuas yog thaum lawv yug me nyuam rau, tab sis kuj thaum lub sij hawm moulting lub sij hawm (thaum xaus ntawm lub caij ntuj sov) thiab lub sij hawm lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav migrations.

Nyob rau hauv no cov cim tej cheeb tsam, zaum tau suav 50 hom tsiaj, 318 hom noog thiab 340 hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Ntawm kev ceeb toom cov tsiaj xws li hma thiab steppe antelopes. Nyob rau hauv heev heev Islands tuaj undrained Lake Tengiz zes, dhau li ntawm tus aforementioned flamingos, thiab teev nyob rau hauv lub Red Phau Ntawv ntawm lub Dalmatian noog muab tus ntses (tsuas 500 officers). Nyob rau hauv lub steppes yuav pom Numidian crane.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub zeem cia

Preservation ntawm lub ecosystem tau tsim ib ncig lub pas dej yog ib qho tseem ceeb xwb tsis rau Kazakhstan, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv cov chaw no tshuam ob tug loj khiav kev ntawm cov noog - Siberian-South European thiab Central Esxias. Thaj (qhov chaw ntawm lub Eurasian av loj), lub cim qhov chaw ntawm lub zeem cia yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb. Lub xub ntiag ntawm xws li ib tug pas dej system tsis pub dhau ib cheeb tsam no (cheeb tsam nrog ib tug semi-qhuav kev nyab xeeb - steppes thiab semi-deserts) yog qho tseem ceeb heev.

Ib co kua nplaum ntawm tib neeg cuam tshuam rau qhov xwm ntawm cov chaw yog tsawg heev, yog li cov cheeb tsam tau muab khaws cia tseg nws tej yam ntuj tso tej yam ntuj tso saib. Niaj hnub no yog tsis muaj exaggeration hais tias qhov no cim cheeb tsam siab belongs rau qhov, uas tau tsim xws wealth.

xaus

Lake Tengiz yog ib feem ntawm cov keeb kwm raws li ib tug venue rau cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cov txheej xwm rau hnub no. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, Korgalzhyn Reserve xyoo npaj rau lub Success hu ua "Flamingo".

Qhov kev tshwm sim, uas aims mus rau kos xim rau txoj kev txuag ntawm tsawg hom noog, thiab tsis tsuas txhawb lub Foundation rau lub Preservation ntawm Biodiversity ntawm Kazakhstan thiab EIMRC (Eurasian Natural Resources Corporation). Cim thiab zoo nkauj hais tias Kazakhstan cheeb tsam uas muaj ntau cov pas dej.