Lavxias teb sab Far East. Lub nroog ntawm Lavxias teb sab Far East (hauv daim ntawv)

Lub ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Far East - lub thaj chaw uas muaj xws li cov cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub basins ntawm cov dej ntws uas ntws mus rau hauv lub hiav txwv Pacific. Lawv kuj muaj xws li cov Kuril, Shantarsky thiab Commander Islands tuaj, Sakhalin Island thiab Wrangel. Ntxiv cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau piav nyob rau hauv no ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, raws li zoo li ib co lub zos nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Far East (daim ntawv teev cov coob yuav muab nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem).

pejxeem

Lub ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Far East yog lub feem ntau depopulated lub teb chaws. Nws yog ib lub tsev mus txog 6.3 lab. Txiv neej. Qhov no sawv cev kwv yees li ntawm 5% ntawm tag nrho cov Lavxias teb sab pejxeem. Thaum lub sij hawm 1991-2010 xyoo cov pej xeem tsis yeem los ntawm 1.8 mln. Cov neeg. Nrog hais txog tus nqi ntawm pejxeem kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub Far East, nyob rau hauv lub Primorsky Territory, nws -3,9, nyob rau hauv lub koom pheej ntawm Sakha - 1.8, lub JAR - 0.7, lub Khabarovsk Territory - 1.3, nyob rau Sakhalin - 7.8, nyob rau hauv lub Magadan cheeb tsam - 17,3, lub Amur cheeb tsam. - 6, lub Kamchatka cheeb tsam - 6.2, nyob rau hauv lub Chukotka cheeb tsam - 14.9. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm continuation ntawm qhov tam sim no tiam sis nyob rau hauv Chukotka tseem tsis pejxeem tshaj 66 xyoo, thiab Magadan - los ntawm 57.

kawm

Lavxias teb sab Far East npog thaj 6169,3 txhiab kilometers. Qhov no yog hais txog 36% ntawm tag nrho lub teb chaws. Feem ntau mus rau lub Far East xws li cov Trans-Baikal cheeb tsam. Qhov no yog vim lub thaj chaw ntawm nws, raws li tau zoo raws li cov kev ua ntawm tsiv teb tsaws. Cai muab faib mus rau hauv lub nram qab no cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub Far East: Amur, Magadan, Sakhalin, cov neeg Yudais siv yooj yim Region, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk Territory. Raws li ib feem ntawm DFO kuj tam sim no Primorsky Krai, Chukotka.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Far East

Nyob rau hauv lub 1-2 xyoo txhiab BC, lub Amur cheeb tsam tau inhabited los ntawm ntau yam pab pawg neeg. Cov neeg ntawm lub Far East Russia hnub no tsis txawv los ntawm xws li ib tug ntau yam, raws li nws yog nyob rau hauv cov hnub. Cov pejxeem ces muaj Dauria Udeghes, Nivkh, Evenk, Nanai, Orochi, thiab thiaj li nyob. Lub ntsiab hauj lwm ntawm cov pejxeem tau nuv ntses thiab yos hav zoov. Qhov tseem ancient settlements ntawm Primorye, cov uas nyob rau lub Paleolithic era, nyob sab ze Nakhodka cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb Hnub Nyoog rau lub teb chaws ntawm Kamchatka tswm Itelmen, Koryak thiab Ainu. Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua uas tau pib muaj tshwm sim Evenki. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XVII lub Lavxias teb sab tsoom fwv pib los nthuav Siberia thiab Far East. 1632 yog lub xyoo ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm Yakutsk. Nyob rau hauv cov coj ntawm lub Cossack Semyon Shelkovnikova rau lub ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub hiav txwv ntawm Okhotsk nws tau raug tsa los ntawm lub tsev pheeb suab nyob rau hauv 1647. Niaj hnub no, qhov chaw no yog lub Lavxias teb sab chaw nres nkoj - Okhotsk. Cov kev loj hlob ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Far East txuas ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua XVII explorers Khabarov thiab Poyarkov tuaj sab qab teb ntawm Yakutsk burg. Nyob rau lub ntws ntawm Amur thiab Zeya lawv ces yuav tsum pab pawg neeg uas them nyiaj tribute mus rau Suav Qing Dynasty. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, tus thawj teeb meem Nerchinsk treaty tau kos npe nruab nrab ntawm ob lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv raws li cov Cossacks nws yuav tsum tau xeem kom dhau tus Qing faj tim teb chaws cheeb tsam tsim nyob rau hauv thaj av uas Albazinskogo xeev. Nyob rau hauv raws li qhov kev pom zoo txiav txim diplomatic thiab lag luam kev sib raug zoo. nyob rau hauv qhov kev pom zoo nyob rau ciam khiav sab qaum teb raws tus dej. Gorbitz thiab ridges ntawm lub Amur phiab. Tsis meej tseem nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm lub hiav txwv ntawm Okhotsk. Nerazgranichennymi twb chaw ntawm lub ridges thiab Taykansky Kivun. Los ntawm kawg ntawm XVII xyoo pua Lavxias teb sab Cossacks thiab Kozyrevsky Atlasov kev tshawb fawb twb pib Kamchatka ceg av qab teb. Nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub XVIII xyoo pua nws twb incorporated rau hauv Russia.

XVIII xyoo pua

Nyob rau hauv 1724, nyob rau hauv Kamchatka ceg av qab teb, Peter kuv xa thawj ntoj ke mus kawm. Nws mus nws Vitus Bering. Ua tsaug rau cov ua hauj lwm ntawm kev soj ntsuam ntawm Lavxias teb sab science muaj nqi lus hais txog rau sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm Siberia. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv particular, yog ib tug niaj hnub Magadan thiab Kamchatka cheeb tsam. Muaj tshiab phaib tau kom meej meej tseg coordinates ntawm lub Far Eastern ntug dej hiav txwv thiab Strait, uas tom qab tis npe hu ua lub Bering hiav txwv. thib ob ntoj ke mus kawm tau teem nyob rau hauv 1730. Nws coj Chirikov thiab Bering. Cov hauj lwm ntawm tus ntoj ke mus yog mus cuag lub shores ntawm America. Txaus siab, nyob rau hauv particular, uas muaj tuaj Alaska thiab cov Aleutian Islands. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm Kamchatka nyob rau hauv lub XVIII xyoo pua los ua koom Chichagov, Steller, Krasheninnikov.

XIX xyoo pua

Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, nws pib active kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab Far East. Qhov no tau zoo heev pab rau cov weakening ntawm lub Qing faj tim teb chaws. Nws nyob rau hauv 1840 tau muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub Opium ua tsov ua rog 1. Tub rog ua hauj lwm tiv thaiv lub neej coj cov tub rog ntawm Fabkis thiab ces nyob rau hauv Guangzhou thiab Macau yuav tsum tau loj cov ntaub ntawv thiab tib neeg cov kev pab. Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ntawm Tuam Tshoj tseem zoo tsis muaj ib tug hau, qhov no thiab coj kom zoo dua ntawm Russia. Nws, nrog rau lwm yam European powers, coj ib feem nyob rau hauv lub seem weakening ntawm lub Qing faj tim teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv 1850, nyob rau ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus Amur tsaws Lieutenant Nevel. Muaj nws nrhiav tau ib tug tub rog post. Ua kom paub tseeb tias cov Qing tsoom fwv tau tsis zoo los ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm lub Opium ua tsov ua rog thiab txuas mus rau lawv cov kev ua ub no thiaj tawg Taiping Rebellion, thiab, raws li, yuav tsis muab ib qho txaus cov lus teb rau cov neeg pab leg ntaubntawv ntawm Russia, Nevel txiav txim siab yuav txis cov kev ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub Tatar Prospect Island thiab lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus Amur domestic khoom ntiag. Nyob rau hauv 1854, 14 Tej zaum, suav Muraviev, muaj cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm lub Nevelsk, hla ntawm Tuam Tshoj tus tub rog quas dej rafting. Lub ntoj ke mus kawm yog tus steamer "Argun", 29 floats, 48 tej nkoj nquam thiab hais txog 800 tus neeg. Thaum lub sij hawm alloy munitions, troops thiab cov khoom siv tau tauj. Ib feem ntawm cov tub rog mus rau Kamchatka hiav txwv kom ntxiv dag zog rau garrison ntawm Peter thiab Paul. Tus so nyob rau cov muag khoom nyob rau hauv lub yav tas los ib ncig ntawm lub Amur cheeb tsam Suav tshawb fawb txoj kev npaj. tus thib ob hlau twb muaj ib xyoos tom qab. Nws twb tau mus kawm los ntawm hais txog 2.5 txhiab tus neeg. Los ntawm kawg ntawm 1855, ob peb lub koom tau ib lub koom haum nyob rau hauv lub qis nce mus txog ntawm lub Amur dej: Sergeevskoe, Novo-Mikhailovsky, Bogorodskoye, Irkutsk. Nyob rau hauv 1858 lub tsev txhab nyiaj officially twb annexed rau Russia nyob rau hauv raws li cov Aigun Treaty. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias Russia txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub Far East tsis muaj ib tug nruj xwm. Daim ntawv cog lus kos npe nrog lwm lub xeev tsis muaj qhov siv ntawm cov tub rog quab yuam.

thaj chaw

Far East ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv cov huab sab qab teb ntawm tus ciaj ciam ntawm North Kauslim, nyob rau hauv sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm teb chaws Nyiv Pooj. Nyob rau hauv cov huab sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub Bering Strait - nrog rau lub tebchaws United States. Lwm lub xeev, uas ciam teb rau lwm lub Far East (Russia) - Tuam Tshoj. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub administrative, muaj lwm division ntawm DFO. Yog li ntawd, qhov thiaj li hu ua raug rho tawm qhov chaw ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Far East. Qhov no yog ib tug ncaj loj cheeb tsam. North-Eastern Siberia, thawj uas kwv yees li sau raws nkaus Ii mus rau lub sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm Yakutia (roob chaw mus rau lub sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub Aldan thiab Lena). North Pritihookeanskaya lub teb chaws - lub thib ob cheeb tsam. Nws muaj xws li cov sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm lub Magadan Region., Chukotka Autonomous District, sab qaum teb yog ib feem ntawm lub Khabarovsk Territory. Yuav kom nws kuj muaj xws li cov Kuril Islands thiab Kamchatka. Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub Amur-Sakhalin lub teb chaws yog EAO Amur cheeb tsam., Cov yav qab teb ib feem ntawm lub Khabarovsk Territory. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog hais txog Sakhalin Island thiab Primorsky Krai. Nyob rau hauv Central thiab South Siberia, Yakutia muaj xws li, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd rau nws cov sab hnub tuaj ib feem.

kev nyab xeeb

Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias lub Lavxias teb sab Far East muaj ib tug ncaj loj raws li. Qhov no piav txog cov tshwj xeeb kev nyab xeeb zoo. Thoob plaws hauv Yakutia thiab Magadan cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub Kolyma cheeb tsam, piv txwv li, sharply continental prevails. Thiab nyob rau hauv sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj - monsoon hom ntawm kev nyab xeeb. Qhov no txawv yog txiav txim los ntawm tus sis ntawm marine thiab continental cua masses nyob rau hauv temperate latitudes. Mus rau sab qab teb yog yus muaj los ntawm sharply-monsoon kev nyab xeeb thiab lub hiav txwv thiab mussonoobrazny rau sab qaum teb. Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sis raug zoo ntawm lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv North Asia thiab cov Pacific. Tshwj xeeb cawv rau cov kev nyab xeeb mob muaj Okhotsk Hiav txwv thiab Primorsk txias tam sim no raws ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub hiav txwv ntawm Nyiv. Attendance tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no thiab muaj ib tug mountainous roob hav. Nyob rau hauv lub continental ib feem ntawm lub Far Eastern Federal District ntawm lub caij ntuj no nrog me ntsis snow thiab cov te.

nta Huab cua

Lub caij ntuj sov yog kub txaus, tab sis kuj luv luv. Nrog kev xav txog cov nqaum chaw, muaj yog los daus winters thiab me me, caij nplooj ntoos hlav yog txias thiab lingering, sov so thiab ntev lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab kuj txias summers. Nyob rau hauv ntug dej hiav txwv yog heev cyclones, pos huab, typhoons thiab hnyav ntev rains. Lub qhov siab ntawm cov daus rau lub Kamchatka ceg av qab teb yuav ua tau mus txog rau meters. Cov los ze zog mus rau yav qab teb qhov chaw, ntau dua qhov lub av noo. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm Primorye nws yog feem ntau heev teem rau ntawm ib ncig ntawm 90%. Yuav luag tag nrho ib ncig ntawm lub Far East nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntev rains. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv lem, ua rau lub systematic dej nyab, dej nyab farmland thiab thaj vaj tse. Nyob rau hauv lub Far East, ntev sij hawm nrog tshav ntuj thiab ntshiab huab cua. Nws yog ib heev heev thiab pom tau hais tias yuav mus li los nag ob peb hnub. Qhov no zoo ntawm ntau haiv neeg ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab Far East yog txawv los ntawm lub "gray" European ib feem ntawm Russia. Nyob rau hauv lub central ib feem ntawm lub Far Eastern Federal District tseem muaj hmoov av los nag. Lawv tuaj ntawm cov deserts ntawm sab qaum teb Tuam Tshoj thiab Mongolia. Ib tug tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm lub Far East yog equated nrog tog twg los lub High North (apart from EAO, sab qab teb ntawm lub Amur cheeb tsam., Primorsky thiab Khabarovsk ib cheeb tsam).

natural resources

Nyob rau hauv lub Far East, raw khoom reserves yog loj txaus. Qhov no tso cai rau nws mus yuav nyob rau hauv ua qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kev khwv nyiaj txiag nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm txoj haujlwm. Yog li, lub Far East nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntau lawm tso nyiaj rau 98% diamonds 80% tin, 90% boron raw khoom, 14% tungsten, 50% kub, 40% nqaij ntses nyoo thiab cov ntses, 80% ntawm cov soybean, 7% cellulose ntoo 13%. Ntawm cov ntsiab sectors ntawm DFO yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tsuas thiab uas tsis yog-ferrous hlau ua, sis plawv hniav thiab cov ntawv, nuv ntses, forestry, nkoj kho thiab shipbuilding.

ceg

Nyob rau hauv lub Far East, qhov yooj yim nyiaj khwv tau los coj forestry, fisheries, tsuas, uas tsis yog-ferrous hlau. Cov lag luam nyiaj rau ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov marketable cov khoom. Underdeveloped xam tau tias yog ua tau. Thaum exporting nyoos cheeb tsam suffers losses nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov nqi ntxiv. DFO ua rau ib tug tseem ceeb deb thauj margins. Lawv reflected nyob rau hauv tus nqi cov nqe lus ntawm ntau yam nyiaj txiag sectors.

mineral kev pab

Nyob rau hauv lawv reserves Far East occupies ib tug uas txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation. Los ntawm volume, tin, boron, muaj nyob ntawm no, antimony nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 95% ntawm tag nrho cov ntawm cov kev pab nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Nyob rau fluorspar thiab mercury nyiaj rau txog 60% tungsten - 24%, hlau ore, apatite, haiv neeg leej faj thiab txhuas - 10%. Nyob rau hauv lub koom pheej ntawm Sakha, nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab, nws yog diamondiferous xeev, qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Deposits "Aikhal", "Peace", "muaj kev vam meej" ua li ntau tshaj li 80% ntawm tag nrho cov pob zeb diamond reserves nyob rau hauv Russia. Pov thawj reserves ntawm hlau ore nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm Yakutia account rau ntau tshaj 4 billion. M. no yog hais txog 80% ntawm lub regional volume. Tseem ceeb cov reserves thiab nyob rau hauv lub Jewish siv yooj yim Region. Nyob rau hauv South Yakutsky Lena thiab basins yog loj tso ntawm thee. Nws deposits yog tseem tam sim no nyob rau hauv Khabarovsk, Primorsky Territories, lub Amur cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv lub koom pheej ntawm Sakha, Magadan cheeb tsam uas qhib thiab tsim Placer thiab lode kub deposits. Zoo li cov deposits tau pom nyob rau hauv lub Khabarovsk thiab Primorsky cheeb tsam. Nyob rau cov chaw no yog focused tsuas ntawm tungsten thiab tin ores. Lead thiab zinc reserves yog feeb meej feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub Primorsky Territory. Nyob rau hauv lub Khabarovsk ib ncig thiab cov Amur Thaj av yog tseem ceeb titanovorudnaya xeev. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau saum toj, tseem muaj cov uas tsis-metallic minerals deposits. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv particular, deposits ntawm limestone, fireclay, graphite, sulfur, quartz xuab zeb.

geostrategic txoj hauj lwm

DFO yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg geopolitical tseem ceeb rau lub Lavxias teb sab Federation. Ntawm no yog nkag mus rau ob oceans: lub Arctic thiab cov Pacific. Muab lub siab npaum li cas ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov teb chaws Asia-Pacific cheeb tsam, kev koom ua ke rau hauv lub DFO nws yog heev pheej rau cov fatherland. Nrog ib tug tsim nyog chav kawm ntawm ua lag ua luam DV yuav los ua ib tug "choj" nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Asia-Pacific cheeb tsam.

Lub nroog ntawm lub Far East Russia: daim ntawv teev

Rau loj tsam chaw xws li Vladivostok, Khabarovsk. Cov lub zos yog cov Lavxias teb sab Far East yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg economic thiab geo-xaiv yaam tseem ceeb rau lub Lavxias teb sab Federation. Heev pheej yog Blagoveshchensk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Nakhodka, Ussuriisk. Ntawm kev tseem ceeb yog lub tag nrho cheeb tsam Yakutsk. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias muaj endangered zos. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog nyob rau hauv Chukotka. Qhov no yog vim mas cov muab tsis cuag cov chaw thiab hnyav huab cua tej yam kev mob.