Leej twg yog tus zaum tswj tau decipher Iyiv hieroglyphics? Yuav ua li cas unraveled cov paub tsis meej ntawm Iyiv hieroglyphics?

Ancient civilizations muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb thiab mysterious paub, ntau yam uas tau ploj mus lawm thaum lub sij hawm, los yog nqa mus rau lub qhov ntxa los ntawm cov uas tuav. Ib tug ntawm cov secrets twb Iyiv Hieroglyphs. Cov neeg mob siab rau unravel lub paub tsis meej ntawm lawv profaning rau no qhov ntxa rau qhov ntxa. Tab sis nws muaj kev tswj los mus ua nws tsuas yog rau ib tug neeg. Yog li ntawd leej twg zaum tswj tau decipher Iyiv hieroglyphics?

Yuav ua li cas yog nws?

Cov ancient Egyptians ntseeg hais tias cov cim - cov no yog cov lus ntawm Vajtswv. Lawv hais tias tus yeeb yam thiab uas ntsiag to. Hais tias yog, lawv muaj peb lub hom phiaj: sau ntawv thiab nyeem ntawv, kev hais lus ntawm cov tswv yim, ib tug qauv ntawm cov kis secrets ntawm tiam.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub Middle Kingdom ntau tshaj xya puas cim muaj nyob rau hauv cov neeg Iyiv cov tsiaj ntawv. Cim muaj ib tug plurality ntawm qhov tseem ceeb. Ib tug kos npe rau yuav nqa ib tug ntau haiv neeg kev txiav txim zoo.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj tus cim tshwj xeeb uas siv los ntawm cov pov thawj. Lawv nkag mus rau hauv ib tug peb-dimensional xav cov ntaub ntawv.

Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, lub cim twb ntau npaum li cas ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj niaj hnub no tus tsiaj ntawv. Lawv qhab nia rau nrog tej yam yees siv fais fab.

Rosetta pob zeb

Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1799 nyob rau hauv Egypt yog Napoleon tus ntoj ke mus kawm. Thaum lub sij hawm khawb ntawm trenches nyob ib ncig ntawm lub nroog ntawm Rosetta los ntawm qhov av khawb ib tug loj pob zeb them nrog mysterious cim.

Nws lub qhov tau tawg lawm. Nws fwm tus cim txheej txheem nyob rau hauv kaum plaub kab. Thiab lawv tau raug ntiab khiav tawm ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis, uas yog tsis raug rau oriental lus.

Qhov nruab nrab ib feem ntawm lub pob zeb nto muaj 32 kab Character ntiab tawm los ntawm txoj kev mus rau sab laug. Lawv tau dim feem ntau kiag li.

Tom qab ntawm lub pob zeb twb inscribed cov tsiaj ntawv nyob rau hauv lub Greek lus. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv 54 kab, tab sis tsis tau raug fwm nkaus, vim hais tias lub pob zeb tau tawg tawm ntawm lub ces kaum.

Napoleon tus tub ceev xwm pom tau hais tias lawv tau ua ib qho tseem ceeb foundations. Greek cov tsiaj ntawv tam sim ntawd kis. Lawv qhia ntawm qhov kev txiav txim rau muab tso rau lub pov thawj los ua tus uas kav Iyi tebchaws, cov Greek Ptolemeya Epifana, nyob ib ncig ntawm lub pej thuam ntawm tus Vajtswv. Thiab taw tuam tsev tsiab peb caug hnub nws yug los thiab accession rau lub zwm txwv. Ces muaj ib cov ntawv nyeem hais tias qhov no inscription yog pheej rov qab ua dawb ceev hieroglyphics ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws thiab tej ntsujplig phem cim. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias Ptolemey Epifan kav 196 BC. e. Lwm tsab ntawv mus rau txhais tsis muaj leej twg yuav.

Lub pob zeb twb muab tso rau ntawm lub Egyptian lub koom haum uas Napoleon founded Cairo. Tab sis lub British fleet yeej lub Fabkis pab tub rog thiab muaj zog nyob rau hauv Iyi tebchaws. Mysterious pob zeb raug muab tshaj mus rau lub British National tsev cia puav pheej.

Tus paub tsis meej ntawm Iyiv hieroglyphics muaj xav zaum ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Tab sis nws tsis yog li ntawd ib qho yooj yim mus nrhiav tau cov lus teb rau nws.

Shapmolon los ntawm Grenoble

Nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis ntawm 1790 kuv tau yug los Jacques-Fransua Shampolon. Nws loj hlob li ib tug heev ntse me nyuam tub, nws hlub los yog siv lub sij hawm nrog ib phau ntawv nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes. Nyob rau hauv tsib lub xyoos, nws qhia nws tus kheej cov tsiaj ntawv thiab kawm nyeem ntawv. Thaum 9 xyoo, nws yog paub nyob rau hauv Latin thiab Greek.

Tus tub muaj ib tug tij laug, Yauxej, passionate txog Egyptology. Thaum cov kwv tij twb mus saib tau Prefect, qhov uas peb pom ib tug sau ntawm Iyiv papyrus, scribbled mysterious cim. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, Champollion txiav txim siab hais tias nws yuav qhib rau cov paub tsis meej ntawm Iyiv hieroglyphics.

Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 13 nws tau pib kawm Hebrew, Arabic, Persian, Coptic, thiab Sanskrit. Thaum lub sij hawm nws kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov Lycée François kuv tau sau ib txoj kev tshawb no txog lub tim lyiv teb chaws ntawm lub pharaohs, uas tsim ib tug furor.

Ces ib tug tub hluas yog ib tug ntev lub sij hawm ntawm txoj kev tshawb thiab zog ua hauj lwm. Nws pom ib daim qauv ntawm cov Rosetta pob zeb, uas twb ua tsis zoo. Yuav kom lauj txhua tus ua cim, nws yog tsim nyog los zoo saib mus rau hauv nws.

Nyob rau hauv 1809, Champollion los ua xib fwb ntawm keeb kwm nyob rau hauv lub University of Grenoble. Tab sis thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm lub Bourbons, nws tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm nws. Nyob rau hauv lub nyuaj xyoo ntawm tus paub txog nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv unraveling lub Rosetta pob zeb.

Nws pom tau hais tias cov cim muaj peb lub sij hawm ntau tshaj cov lus nyob rau hauv Greek sau. Ces Champollion mus xyuas lub tswv yim hais tias lawv yog ib tug yam ntxwv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv. Nyob rau hauv yav tom ntej ua hauj lwm, nws pom tau hais tias cov neeg Iyiv Hieroglyphs cov tsiaj ntawv muaj peb hom.

Tus thawj hom - cim uas carved nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb. Lawv xwm ib tug loj thiab ntshiab, nrog ib tug meej artistic portrayal.

Qhov thib ob hom - hieratic cim uas sawv cev rau tib lub cim, tab sis tsis raws li kom meej meej xwm. Cov tsab ntawv siv nyob rau hauv papyrus thiab limestone.

Qhov thib peb hom - lub Coptic cov tsiaj ntawv, muaj raws ntawm 24 Greek cov tsiaj ntawv thiab xya ntawv, consonants demonic cov tsiaj ntawv.

Lub tswv yim los ntawm antiquity

Ntsiab Txhais ntawm Kev Iyiv sau ntawv, pab zaum ntxiv ua hauj lwm. Tab sis nws coj xyoo los mus txiav txim raws li cov kev hieratic thiab ntsujplig phem cim.

Los ntawm cov inscription nyob rau hauv Greek, nws paub qhov chaw nyob qhov twg lub embossed lub npe Ptolemeya Epifana, uas cov neeg Iyiv yam lus tsis nyuaj li Ptolemayos. Nws pom nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub pob zeb cim coj mus rau nws. Tom qab ntawd nws ntau xyoo lawv nrog cov cim thiab pom tus uas ua cim nyob rau hauv lub saum toj ntawm lub pob zeb. Nws guessed hais tias lub ancient Egyptians feem ntau dhau cim suab, li no lub npe ntawm vaj ntxwv yuav tsum suab sib txawv - Ptolmis.

Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no 1822, Champollion tau txais lwm yam kev kawm nrog inscriptions nyob rau hauv Greek thiab Iyiv lus. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus nyeem cov npe ntawm poj huab tais Cleopatra nyob rau hauv lub Greek ib feem thiab pom tsim nyog tej yam tshwm sim nyob rau hauv sau ntawm ancient Egypt.

Ib yam li ntawd, nws tau sau lwm cov npe - Tiberius, Germanicus, Alexander thiab Domitian. Tab sis nws yog tag hais tias tsis muaj Iyiv npe nrog lawv. Tom qab ntawd nws txiav txim siab hais tias lub npe ntawm txawv teb chaws rulers, thiab rau lub pharaohs phonetic cim yog tsis siv.

Nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 1822 tus paub txog tau txais ib daim qauv ntawm cov inscriptions rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm Ramses II. Contrary rau nws txoj kev ntseeg tsis siv phonetic cim, nws sim los daws kom tau lub npe nyob ntawm daim ntawv. Yog li, ua cim los ntawm tus cwj pwm, nws tau txais lub P-th-th-rau-c. Yog hais tias koj ntxiv ntawv niam, peb tau txais Ramses. Nws twb ntaus los ntawm no qhov tseeb. Txiav txim siab li no mus nyeem ntxiv, nws tau txais ib tug Thutmose. Maj mam, cov tuag cim tuaj mus rau lub neej.

Nws yog ib qho zoo kawg discovery. Iyiv sau ntawv yog lub suab!

Tus kws tshawb fawb txawm ceev nrooj moog rau nws tus kwv mus tshaj tawm nws foundations. Tab sis, qw: "Kuv pom nws!" Fainted. Yuav luag ib lub lim tiam nws nteg sab sab.

Nyob rau hauv lig Cuaj hlis, Champollion tshaj tawm nws zoo kawg discoveries ntawm Fabkis Academy ntawm Sciences. Cov kev tsov kev rog thiab yeej ntawm tus Pharaohs, hais txog lub neej ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub teb chaws, hais rau tus Iyiv Hieroglyphs. Deciphering qhib ib lub tshiab rau theem nyob rau hauv Egyptology.

Lub xeem xyoo ntawm nws lub neej Champollion

Champollion - leej twg zaum tswj tau decipher Iyiv Hieroglyphs, ho tsis nres. Nws tau mus rau ltalis rau lub tshiab cov ntaub ntawv uas, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no cia ntau Iyiv cov ntaub ntawv.

Tom qab rov qab los ntawm ltalis, tus paub txog tau ua hauj lwm uas qhia txog tus qauv sau ntawv ntawm lub ancient lus ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws, uas muaj Iyiv hieroglyphics, deciphering uas yog qhov ua rau ntawm nws lub neej.

Nyob rau hauv 1822, Champollion coj ib tug ntoj ke mus kawm rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm lub pyramids. Nws yog nws tus qub npau suav. Nws twb ntaus los ntawm tus grandeur ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm Hatshepsut, Dendera thiab Saqqara. Inscriptions, xwm li nyob rau lawv cov phab ntsa, nws nyeem tau yooj yim.

Rov qab los ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws, kawm, tau raug xaiv los mus rau lub Fabkis Academy. Nws tau raug universally lees paub. Tab sis kuv nyiam lub hwjchim ci ntsa iab ntawm nws yog tsis ntev heev. Cov tsuas yog ib qho uas muaj peev xwm rau decipher los ntawm zaum Iyiv Hieroglyphs, tuag nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 1832. Txhiab tus neeg tuaj hais goodbye rau nws. Nws raug faus rau ntawm lub Pere Lachaise toj ntxas.

Iyiv cov tsiaj ntawv

Ib xyoo tom qab txoj kev tuag ntawm nws tus tij laug, ib tus paub txog tau luam tawm qhov tseeb ua hauj lwm, uas muaj Iyiv hieroglyphics nrog tus neeg txhais lus.

Chiv, Iyiv tsab ntawv tuaj mus ua ib tug yooj yim sketch khoom. Hais tias yog tag nrho lo lus yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tug qauv. Ces, nyob rau hauv kos duab steel lawv yog suab hais tias ua li lo lus. Tab sis lub ancient Egyptians tsis tau sau ntawv vowels. Yog li ntawd, lus sib txawv yog feem ntau portrayed ib hieroglyph. Rau lawv sib txawv tshwj xeeb qualifiers tau staged nyob ib ncig ntawm cov ua cim.

Sau ntawv ancient tim lyiv teb chaws muaj lus, lub suab thiab attributive cim. Suab cim muaj ob peb consonants. Cim, muaj raws ntawm ib tug tib tsab ntawv, muaj tsuas yog 24. Lawv thiab cov niam ntawv siv rau sau txawv teb chaws cov npe. Tag nrho cov no los ua lub npe hu tom qab unraveled cov paub tsis meej ntawm Iyiv hieroglyphics.

Cov kws sau ntawv ntawm ancient tim lyiv teb chaws

Egyptians siv papyrus rau sau ntawv. Stems nroj tsuag twb txiav lengthwise thiab pw li hais tias lawv npoo yog me ntsis pom txhua lwm yam. Yog li meem ob peb khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg thiab compressed. Qhov ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau glued mus rau txhua lwm yam siv lawv tus kheej kua txiv.

Lub cim yuav tsum sharpened sticks. Txhua sau tau nws wand. Ntawv tau ua nyob rau hauv ob xim. Dub xim siv rau lub ntsiab ntawv nyeem, thiab liab - cia li thaum pib ntawm txoj kab.

Cov xib hwb npaj nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Nws yog ib tug prestigious profession.

Champollion deal ciaj sia

Thaum nws tuag lawm nws uas deciphered Iyiv Hieroglyphs, nws twb txhawj xeeb txog lub continuation ntawm txoj kev tshawb ntawm cov kab lis kev cai ntawm ancient Egypt. Nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, cov cheeb tsam no yog muab sau ua ke nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib science. Yog tam sim no yog kawm ntaub ntawv, kev ntseeg, keeb kwm ntawm qhov kev vam meej.

Ntawm no yog peb teb rau lo lus nug ntawm uas tus zaum tswj tau decipher Iyiv hieroglyphics. Niaj hnub no, niaj hnub soj ntsuam yog free mus ua hauj lwm nrog tus thawj kws qhov chaw. Tsaug rau Champollion lub mysterious ntiaj teb no ntawm ancient civilization lawd daim ntaub thaiv ntawm nws cov mysteries txhua txhua xyoo.

Patron ntawm lub Ancient Iyiv Literature

Thoth twb pehawm los ntawm cov Egyptians raws li ib tug patron ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Nws twb hu ua "sau ntawm cov gods." Cov pejxeem ntawm ancient tim lyiv teb chaws ntseeg hais tias nws invented tus niam ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws ua ntau yam discoveries nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm astrology, alchemy thiab cov tshuaj. Plato ntaus nqi nws mus rau lub qub txeeg qub teg ntawm lub Atlantean civilization, piav hais tias nws zoo kawg paub.