Lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub Don Cossacks keeb kwm. Daim ntawv qhia Cheeb Tsam ntawm lub Army Don

Don Cossack pab tub rog nyob ib ncig ntawm lub Don Cossacks. Nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, cov pawg neeg thaj av nyob Rostov, Volgograd, Lugansk, Voronezh cheeb tsam thiab Kalmykia. Tab sis yog Rostov twb tuaj koom no nyob rau hauv lub xeem Piv txwv li, feem ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau cov pej xeem thiab keeb kwm ntawm lub cheeb tsam no yog fwm nyob rau hauv nws cov tsev ceev teej tug thiab archives.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub tsim ntawm lub Don Cossacks

Lub hnub ntawm cov hauj lwm tsim ntawm lub Don Cossacks xam tau tias yog yuav tawm lub thawj sau qhov chaw, uas tau raug fwm rau peb hnub. Nws yog ib lo lus nug ntawm Ivana Groznogo, nyob rau hauv uas nws nug Michael Ataman Cherkashenina mloog lus tom qab tus huab tais Novosiltsev qhia rau Constantinople. Nws txoj kev coj tshaj lub Don. Thaum lub sij hawm no tsoom fwv tau cog lus tseg los muab cov Cossacks. Dating ntawm diplomas - Lub ib hlis ntuj 3, 1570. Thaum nws yog cuab kev nws yog ib qhov tseeb hais tias lub Union ntawm Cossacks, lub Don pab tub rog raug tsim npaum li cas lawm. Vim hais tias txwv tsis pub tus huab tais tsuas tsis muaj ib tug yuav tsum nyob.

Tab sis daim ntawv qhia tias los ntawm lub sij hawm uas Don Cossacks officially guarded lub yav qab teb ciam teb ntawm lub nceeg vaj. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua XVI, nws nyob rau hauv lub chaw uas zoo heev los ntawm txawv teb chaws nrog ib tug tag nrho ntev ntawm txog 800 kis lus mev. Nws twb nyob ntawm tus ntug dej ntawm lub Don thiab nws cov tributaries. Thiab tom qab uas lwm xyoo pua Cossacks ntawm lub Don troops yog cov ntsiab armed quab yuam mus tua cov Turkish thiab Polish invaders. Rau lawv cov kev pab uas lawv tau txais nyiaj, gunpowder, hmoov txhuas, daim ntaub thiab qhob cij.

Autonomy thiab nws tus kheej-tsoom fwv

Don Cossacks maj muab faib ua ob pawg: thrifty thiab golutvennye. Cov yav tas los twb feem ntau cov laus-timers thiab muab tso rau hauv lub qis lub tebchaws, cov tom qab moog thiab tswm rau hauv lub Upper nce mus txog ntawm tus dej. Ua ntej yuav pib ntawm lub XVIII caug xyoo. Thaj av ntawm lub Don troops twb siv yooj yim thiab nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj ntawm cov tub rog lub vajvoog thiab raug xaiv thawj lub cev. Ua ntej mus rau cov kev xaiv tsa coj qhov chaw Ataman, muaj unlimited hwj chim. Cov tub rog tau muab faib mus rau hauv ib puas thiab tsib caug, lub taub hau ntawm cov uas twb centurions, Pentecostals thiab Khorunzhiy. Tom qab Bulavin uprising lub Don Cossack pab tub rog subordinated mus rau lub tub rog Collegium.

Txij li thaum 1763 lub Cossack kev pab cuam los ua yuav tsum tau muaj ib lub neej nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Tsov rog ntawm 1773-1775 yog tus peasants xaus Cossack autonomy. Don coj tus huab tais txoj kev pab tub rog. Tab sis hais tias yog tsis yog qhov kawg ntawm lawv cov "svoevolnichestva", uas ntawd kub ntev li rau ib ntev lub sij hawm tom qab ntawd.

Don neeg tsis muaj kev ywj siab

1769-1775 xyoo - lub tsim ntawm Cossack pab Petersburg Legion thiab pyatisotennogo Ataman ntawm lub Don Cossacks tso kom muaj kab muaj kev.

1797 - lub hauv paus ntawm lub Don Cossack artillery. Ib xyoo tom qab coj qhov chaw xaiv ntawm cov Cossacks raws li ywj siab tso kom muaj kab muaj kev, thiab lawv ibyam zoo rau ib pab tub rog. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws tuav equating nyiaj hli Cossacks rau cov nyiaj them ntawm cov coj ibyam.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1798-1800 Foreman Cossack tau txais cov cai ib yam nkaus li lub Lavxias teb sab nom tswv cajceg, thiab serfs mas yuav kis tau. Tuav lub nram qab no nrhav:

• Introduction ntawm ib tug 30-xyoo lub sij hawm ntawm cov tub rog kev pab cuam;
• ntsiab txhais ntawm pab tub rog cov khoom siv;
• muab txoj haujlwm ib pab tub rog starshina tso kom muaj kab muaj kev raws li ib tug pab hais kom ua, nws substituent;
• lub division ntawm cov khaub ncaws rau cov tub rog thiab txhua hnub hauv tsev.

Kho kom zoo ntawm 1835

Innovation 1835 muab rau txhua Cossack qhia nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 30 daim av. Tab sis twb nyob rau hauv 1916 qhov nyiaj no twb txo mus rau 11, thiab ib tug yooj yim av tsuas yog 9.8 daim av ntawm av. Nyob rau hauv lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua thaum ntxov, ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm cov Cossack tsev neeg tau yuam mus xauj seb cov thaj av, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav them tus nuj nqis ntawm cov tub rog cov khoom. Tsuas yog ib tug thib tsib ntawm cov tsev neeg muaj nyob rau lub sij hawm affluent.

Tom qab cov kho kom zoo ntawm 1835 nyob rau hauv cov tub rog thiab pej xeem tag nrho cov Cossacks tau muab faib. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub Don Cossacks tau kom cov nram qab no hloov:

• rov;
• seem ntawm cov tub rog cheeb tsam;
• yuav tsum tau conscription ntawm cov txiv neej pejxeem los ntawm 18 mus rau 43 xyoo;
• ban settlements nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm cov tub rog ntawm cov neeg;
• Cossack transformation mus rau hauv ib tug kaw chav kawm ntawv nrog lub neej teej tug thereto;
• pom zoo los ntawm tus tshiab ib pab tub rog cov khoom siv.

Pom zoo los ntawm lub Don Army Thaj av

Nyob rau hauv 1874, nws coj cov nqe lus ntawm lub tshiab lub xeev ntawm internal control. Nws muaj ib tug ib pab tub rog neeg ua hauj lwm, cov kev tswj ntawm ib tug neeg ua tub rog departments thiab artillery. 1875 - kev taw qhia ntawm cov hauj lwm npe ntawm tus Don Cossacks. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo muaj ib tug yuav txo tau ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm cov tub rog kev pab cuam mus rau 20 xyoo.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Alexander III teb Don Army (Donetsk cheeb tsam) tau txuas rau Gradonachalstva Taganrog thiab Rostov County. Ntawm lawv ua tshiab pej xeem koog tsev kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo muaj ib lub abolition ntawm posts chieftains departments.

Lub ob hlis ntuj kiv puag ncig ntawm 1917 xyoo yeej pab mus rau tsim ntawm lub Don pab tub rog tsoom fwv. Nws lub taub hau los ua Ataman AM Kaledin. Nws txwv lub rov tshwm sim ntawm tus soviets. Nyob rau hauv 1918 nws coj qhov chaw hauv lub tsim ntawm Don Soviet koom pheej, qhov twg nws yog lossi flashing anti-Soviet uprising. Nyob rau hauv 1920, lub Don Cossack party mus nyob qhovtwg li thiab txum tim rov qab xwb nyob rau hauv 90-ies ntawm XX caug xyoo.