Lub hauv paus ntawm niaj hnub hluav taws xob engineering - lub phenomenon ntawm electromagnetic induction

Cov tshwm sim ntawm electromagnetic induction nyob rau hauv qhov hluav taws xob engineering yog ib lub hauv paus. Nws tau raug empirically sab rov qab nyob rau hauv 1831 los ntawm cov lus Askiv physicist Michael Faraday. Thaum nws twb paub hais tias ntawm ib tug neeg xyuas pib thiab ib tug magnet nyob ze ntawm lub sis tshwm sim. Nws twb ntseeg tau hais tias tus taag xwb INTERACTIONS ntawm ib qho kev siv hluav taws xob field, thiab lawv lub zog (tam sim no) yog manifested los ntawm ib tug sib nqus teb. Txawm li cas los, lub zeem muag ntawm kev siv tswv yim ntawm txoj kev paub no mus Faraday lub sim tau heev vague. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tus paub txog uas pheej nrhiav tau lub phenomenon ntawm electromagnetic induction, cim pib ntawm tsim ntawm niaj hnub hluav taws xob engineering.

Kev nws tus kheej yog zoo nkauj yooj yim: ib tug bar ruaj khov magnet pib tsiv, thiab nominated nyob rau hauv lub central qhov chaw ntawm lub lem ntawm lub kauj. Lus xaus kauj tau kev cob cog rua rau lub sensor ntaus ntawv ntsuas me me qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tam sim no thiab voltage.

Nws tau raug pom tias thaum tsiv magnet galvanometer koob lo los ntawm lub voj point. Thiab qhov hloov tus nqi yog tus loj dua, cov hlau nplaum yog tsiv ntau sib. Yog hais tias peb nco ntsoov hais tias nws muaj ob tug ncej kab thiab teb lub zog, nws yuav cuab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov sib nqus flux thiab lub ntxias tam sim no tsim.

Txij li thaum tam sim no muaj peev xwm tsis nthawv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court, cov zajlus kom xaus ntawm cov tsos ntawm cov electromotive quab yuam tau ua (EMF), uas, nyob rau hauv lem, tso cai rau koj yuav tau txais tam sim no. Faraday txoj kev cai induction tso cai rau peb mus rau lub xeev uas tej yam rau tus neeg xyuas pib magnetic teb ua nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm yog qhov ua rau ntawm kev hloov lub electric teb thiab, yog hais tias tus kaw Circuit Court tam sim no.

Cov tshwm sim ntawm electromagnetic induction tso cai rau nws mus ua ib tug revolutionary xaus hais tias ua rau cov hluav taws xob field tej zaum yuav tsis tau tsuas yog cov nqi tab sis kuj yog ib tug ua magnetic teb. Tom qab ntawd nws twb formulated generalization. Yog li, Faraday txoj cai ntawm electromagnetic induction, hais tias: tsim ib tug sib nqus teb EMF yog ncaj qha nyob rau ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev hloov ntawm magnetic flux. Lub zog ntawm cov tam sim no generated los ntawm cov voj kaw yog xam raws li Ohm txoj kev cai.

Cov tshwm sim ntawm electromagnetic induction yog cov yam ntxwv tsis tsuas yog rau cov neeg xyuas pib, tiam sis kuj rau loj heev conductive lub cev. Yog li, cov kev hloov magnetic teb ua nyob rau hauv neeg xyuas pib thickness (steel phaj thiab li ntawd.) Eddy currents. Lawv ua pliaj cua kub, yog li qhov sib txawv txoj kev siv los mus tshem tawm lawv (nyob rau hauv transformers phaj laminations ntawm hluav taws xob hlau). Nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv ib co pab kiag li lawm, eddy currents yog siv (disc accounting txee).

Tsis ntev, nyob rau hauv Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1833, lub physicist E. Lentz coj ib tug txoj cai, nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm uas, ntxias emf ua ib tug tam sim no ntawm tej taw qhia rau neutralize qhov ua rau ntawm nws qhov tsos. Piv txwv li: hloov magnetic teb induces ib tug tam sim no nyob rau hauv tus neeg xyuas pib. Nws yog tsim kom nws tus kheej magnetic teb (uas yog tam sim no nyob ib ncig ntawm tam sim no-nqa conductors) counteracted hauv paus ua.

Cov tshwm sim ntawm electromagnetic induction tso cai los tsim hluav taws xob engineering rau nws tam sim no lub xeev. Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj los qhia ib tug tag nrho daim ntawv teev cov khoom nws yuav siv. Piv txwv li, lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm generators nyob rau hauv fais fab nroj tsuag raws li nyob rau hauv no phenomenon. Txawm li cas los, lub cim muaj peev xwm tsim tau undergone ib tug tseem ceeb kev hloov txij li thaum lub Faraday, txawm li cas los, cov kev hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem tib yam: cov kab ntawm cov magnetic teb tshuam nrog lub siab zaus tam sim no kev windings, uas ua rau ib tug electromotive quab yuam thiab, yog hais tias tus lub voj kaw hluav taws xob tam sim no. Tsis tas li ntawd generators thiab motors, induction phenomenon yog siv, e.g., nyob rau hauv transformers.