Lub op-amp: lub Circuit Court hom, tus khiav hauj lwm hauv paus ntsiab lus. Lub amplifier Circuit Court nyob rau hauv uas tsis yog-inverting ua hauj lwm amplifier. Scheme dc voltage amplifier ua hauj lwm amplifier

Cov tsab xov xwm yuav muab suav hais tias ib tug standard amplifier Circuit Court yog ib tug ua hauj lwm amplifier, thiab yog cov piv txwv ntawm ntau hom ntawm cov lag luam ntawm no ntaus ntawv. Rau hnub tim, tsis muaj leej twg ntawm cov tswj tsev yuav tsis ua yam uas tsis muaj kev siv ntawm ua hauj lwm zoo amplifiers. Qhov no yog ib tug tiag tiag ntau yam cuab yeej uas tso cai rau koj mus tau ntau yam zog nrog lub teeb liab. Hais txog yuav ua li cas nws ua hauj lwm thiab zoo li cas xyov yuav ua rau nws ua tau kom ntaus ntawv no rau koj thiab kawm rau.

inverting amplifier

Tsav inverting amplifier op-amp yog yooj yim txaus, koj yuav pom nws nyob rau hauv cov duab. Thaum nws cov tub ntxhais yog ib qho hauj lwm zoo amplifier (kev twb kev txuas hom nws xam tau tias yog nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm). Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob ntawm no:

1. Lub resistor R1 ib tug voltage nco yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv tus nqi nws yog tib yam li lub tswv yim.
2. Nyob rau hauv lub resistor R2 kuj muaj ib tug voltage nco - nws yog tib yam li qhov tso zis.

Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tus tso zis voltage piv ntawm cov kuj nqi R2 yog lub tswv yim nrog rau kev hwm mus R1, tab sis rov qab nyob rau hauv kos npe rau. Paub qhov voltage thiab kuj qhov tseem ceeb yuav tsum xam koj qhov nce. Ua li no, faib cov zis voltage mus rau lub tswv yim voltage. Nyob rau hauv no ua hauj lwm zoo amplifier (switching Circuit Court nws tej zaum yuav muaj) tej zaum yuav muaj tib lub nce tsis hais hom.

tswv yim Hauj Lwm

txoj hauj lwm tawm tswv yim - tam sim no ib tug tseem ceeb heev taw tes koj yuav tsum to taub nyob rau hauv ntau yam. Piv txwv, nyob rau kev nkag muaj ib tug tej yam nro. Rau simplicity, kev laij leb yuav coj tus nqi ntawm 1 V. Xav hais tias kuj hais tias R1 = 10K, R2 = 100 ohms.

Tam sim no xav hais tias muaj yog ib co tsi xam pom qhov teeb meem no, vim hais tias cov neeg uas cov qhov tso zis theem voltage tau teem rau 0 V. Tom ntej no, muaj ib qho kev nthuav qauv - ob resistances pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv officers, ua ke lawv tsim los ntawm ib tug voltage divider. Thaum tso zis hauv lub inverting theem yog khaws cia ntawm 0,91 V. Qhov no pub rau cov OS yuav txhim kho tau mismatch inputs, thiab cov qhov tso zis voltage txo tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, ib tug heev yooj yim tsim daim duab ntawm ua hauj lwm amplifiers, ib lub teeb liab amplifier uas realizes cov nuj nqi ntawm lub sensor, piv txwv li.

Thiab qhov kev hloov no yuav muaj mus ntxiv mus rau lub heev pores, raws li ntev raws li yog teem rau cov qhov tso zis nqi yog ruaj khov nyob rau hauv 10 V. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd nyob rau inputs ntawm ua hauj lwm zoo amplifier potentials yog muaj sib npaug. Thiab lawv yuav tsum yog tib yam li cov av tej zaum. Nyob rau lwm cov tes, yog hais tias tus tso zis voltage ntawm tus ntaus ntawv yuav txuas ntxiv mus txo, thiab nws yuav tsum tsawg tshaj -10 V ntawm lub tswv yim tej zaum yuav tsawg dua uas ntawm hauv av. Qhov tsim nyog tau - cov zis voltage pib nce.

Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug tswvyim muaj ib tug disadvantage - lub tswv yim impedance yog heev me me, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv amplifiers nrog ib tus nqi ntawm voltage nce, yog hais tias tus tawm tswv yim voj kaw. Ib tug tsim, los sib tham tom ntej no, deprived ntawm tag nrho cov shortcomings.

Cov uas tsis yog-inverting amplifier

Tus naj npawb qhia tau hais tias ib daim duab ntawm ib tug uas tsis yog-inverting amplifier yog ib tug ua hauj lwm amplifier. Tom qab cais nws, peb muaj peev xwm kos ob peb cov lus xaus:

1. UA voltage nqi sib npaug zos rau cov tswv yim.
2. Nrog divider tawm lub voltage UA, uas yog tus piv ntawm kev ua hauj lwm tso zis voltage mus rau lub sum ntawm R1 thiab R1 thiab R2 resistances.
3. Nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub uas tus nqi ntawm UA yog sib npaug zos rau cov tswv yim voltage, lub nce yog tus piv ntawm cov zis voltage rau tswv yim (los yog tej zaum yuav txheeb ze rau lub resistances R2 thiab R1 ntxiv unit).

Qhov no qauv no yog hu ua cov uas tsis yog-inverting amplifier, nws muaj ib tug zoo infinite tswv yim impedance. Piv txwv li, rau ua hauj lwm amplifiers 411 series ntawm cov nqi - 1012, yam tsawg kawg. Thiab rau ua hauj lwm amplifiers siv bipolar semiconductor transistor, feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv excess ntawm 108 ohms. Thiab ntawm no yog qhov tso zis impedance ntawm lub cascade, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub yav tas los sib tham tswvyim yog heev me me - qhia ohms. Thiab nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum lub xam yog ua circuits nrog ua hauj lwm amplifiers.

Scheme AC amplifier

Ob schemes sib tham nyob rau hauv qhov tsab xov xwm yav tas los khiav rau direct tam sim no. Tab sis, yog hais tias ib tug kev sib txuas lus zoo ntawm lub tswv yim teeb liab qhov chaw thiab lub amplifier ua hauj lwm pab alternating tam sim no uas yuav muab av rau qhov tam sim no nyob rau kev tawm tswv yim. Thiab koj yuav tsum them sai sai rau lub fact tias tam sim no tus nqi yog tsis tshua muaj me me nyob rau hauv loj.

Nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub uas muaj ib tug ntxiv dag zog rau AC pib ntsais koj teeb tsim nyog los txo cov nce mus sib sau DC teeb liab. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj tseeb nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob qhov twg lub voltage nce yog heev loj. Los ntawm no nws yog tau txo tus ntawm cov shear kev nyuaj siab, uas yog muab rau cov tswv yim ntaus ntawv.

Ib tug thib ob piv txwv ntawm ib tug Circuit Court rau cov lag luam nrog ib tug alternating voltage

Nyob rau hauv no cov tswvyim, nyob -3 dB yuav pom kab zaus 17Hz. Nws zoo nkaus li los ntawm lub impedance ntawm lub capacitor ntawm ob kilos. Yog li ntawd, cov capacitor yuav tsum loj txaus.

Yuav kom peb tsim lub AC fais fab, koj yuav tsum tau siv ib tug uas tsis yog-inverting hom circuits nrog ua hauj lwm amplifiers. Thiab nws yuav tsum muaj ib tug loj txaus voltage nce. Tab sis ntawm no yog lub capacitor yuav ua tau loj heev, vim li ntawd nws yog zoo tshaj plaws kom tsis txhob siv nws. Yeej muaj tseeb, nws yog tsim nyog los xaiv txoj cai shear kev nyuaj siab, equating nws mus rau zero nqi. Thiab nws yog tau siv ib tug T-zoo li tus divider thiab ua rau kom cov kuj tseem ceeb ntawm ob resistors nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court.

Uas tswvyim yog preferable siv

Feem ntau cov developers muab lawv nyiam mus rau lub uas tsis yog-inverting amplifiers, raws li lawv muaj ib tug heev impedance ntawm lub tswv yim. Thiab tsis saib xyuas schemes inverting hom. Tab sis thaum kawg muaj ib tug lossis loj kom zoo dua - nws tsis yog lub feem ntau xav tau ntawm ua hauj lwm amplifier, uas yog nws "lub siab".

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tus yam ntxwv, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog zoo npaum li cas. Thiab nrog rau kev pab los ntawm ib tug xav txog tej yam hauv av yuav muab tag nrho cov Pib ntsais koj teeb tau yooj yim, thiab lawv yuav tsis muaj sib ib co cawv. Nws yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv cov lug thiab lub DC amplifier Circuit Court rau ib tug ua hauj lwm amplifier. Nws tag nrho cov nyob rau koj cov kev xav tau.

Thiab feem ntau tsis ntev los no - nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv rau tag nrho cov tswvyim, sib tham no, yog kev cob cog rua rau ib tug ruaj khov tso zis rau lwm ua hauj lwm amplifier. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub impedance ntawm lub tswv yim yog tsis tseem ceeb - yam tsawg kawg 1 kW, txawm 10, txawm tias infinity. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus thawj theem ib txwm ua hauj lwm pab nws cov hom phiaj nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo mus rau lub tom ntej no.

tsav repeater

Powered follower ua hauj lwm amplifier zoo xws li cov emitter ua rau bipolar transistor. Thiab ua zoo xws li cov functions. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog ib tug uas tsis yog-inverting amplifier, uas nyob rau thawj resistor yog infinitely loj, thiab lub thib ob yog pes tsawg. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tus tau yog kev sib sau.

Muaj tshwj xeeb hom ntawm ua hauj lwm amplifiers uas yog siv nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem tsuas yog rau cov repeater circuitry. Lawv muaj zoo npaum li cas rau kev kawm - feem ntau yog ib tug kev kub ceev. Raws li ib qho piv txwv, xws li cov hauj lwm amplifiers OPA633, LM310, TL068. Cov yav tas muaj ib lub cev zoo li ib tug transistor, raws li zoo raws li peb cov lus xaus. Heev feem ntau, cov amplifiers raug xa mus rau cias li buffers. Lub fact tias lawv muaj insulator zog (heev tswv yim impedance thiab tsis tshua muaj heev tso zis). Hais txog ua rau txoj ntsiab cai no, thiab tam sim no amplifier Circuit Court yog ib tug ua hauj lwm amplifier.

active hom

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog xws li ib hom nyob rau hauv uas lub outputs thiab inputs ntawm ua hauj lwm zoo amplifier yog tsis overloaded. Yog hais tias lub tswv yim Circuit Court khoom siv ib tug heev loj teeb liab ntawm cov zis nws cia li pib mus txiav lub theem ntawm cov collector los yog lub emitter voltage. Tab sis thaum cov qhov tso zis voltage yog tsau nyob rau theem ntawm cov kev txiav - lub inputs OC voltage tsis hloov. Thaum no scale tsis tau ntau dua cov mov voltage ntawm lub amplifier theem.

Feem ntau cov circuits rau ua hauj lwm amplifiers yog xam xws li hais tias tus magnitude yog tsawg tshaj li cov mov voltage yog 2 V. Txawm li cas los, nws tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv dab tsi yog siv hais amplifier Circuit Court ua hauj lwm amplifier. Cov tib muaj ib tug txwv rau cov sustainability ntawm qhov tam sim no qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm ua hauj lwm zoo amplifier.

Piv txwv muaj nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw floating load ib co voltage nco. Yog hais tias tam sim no yog lub qub kev taw qhia ntawm mus ncig teb chaws, yuav tsum pom coj txawv txawv thaum xub thawj load. Piv txwv li, ob peb perepolyusovannyh roj teeb. Qhov no tsim yuav siv tau rau kom tau ib tug ncaj qha tam sim no xwb.

ib co ceev faj

Tej yam yooj yim amplifier voltage ua hauj lwm amplifier (Circuit Court yuav tsum tau xaiv tej) yuav muab ua tau cia "nyob rau hauv nws lub hauv caug." Tab sis nws yuav tsum tau mus rau hauv tus account ib co nta tshwj xeeb. Nco ntsoov kom paub tseeb tias lub tswv yim Circuit Court nyob rau hauv qhov tsis zoo. Nws tseem hais tias nws yog tsis tsim nyog rau yam uas tsis yog-inverting thiab inverting inputs ntawm lub amplifier. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, yuav tsum muaj tswv yim saw rau DC. Txwv tsis pub, lub op amp yuav pib rau koj tsiv sai sai nyob rau hauv lub saturation hom.

Feem ntau ntawm cov ua hauj lwm zoo amplifier tswv yim differential voltage yog heev me me nyob rau hauv tus nqi. Qhov siab tshaj plaws qhov sib txawv ntawm cov noninverting thiab inverting inputs tej zaum yuav txwv kom ib tug nqi ntawm 5 V thaum twg txuas lub hwj chim qhov twg los. Yog hais tias peb tsis saib tsis xyuas cov sij hawm no, yuav muaj nyob rau kev nkag mus rau ib tug es loj tseem ceeb ntawm currents uas yuav ua rau lub fact tias tag nrho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov Circuit Court yuav deteriorate.

Qhov phem tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv no - rau lub cev puas tsuaj ntawm cov ua hauj amplifier. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nws tsis ua hauj lwm amplifier Circuit Court op amp kiag li.

Khaws nyob rau hauv lub siab

Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, peb yuav tsum tau los tham txog cov kev cai uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li los xyuas kom meej ib tug ruaj khov thiab kav ntev lag luam los ntawm ua hauj lwm zoo amplifier.

Feem ntau cov tseem ceeb - du muaj ib tug heev high voltage nce. Thiab yog hais tias lub voltage ntawm lub inputs hloov mus rau qhia millivolts, tso zis rau ntawm cov nqi tej zaum yuav hloov ho. Nws yog yog li ntawd ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias: los ntawm lub op-amp tso zis yog sim mus nrhiav los xyuas kom meej tias cov voltage txawv nruab nrab ntawm tus inputs yog nyob ze (tob sib npaug zos) rau zero.

Qhov thib ob txoj cai - tam sim no noj ntawm ua hauj lwm zoo amplifier yog heev me me, lus nanoamps. Yog hais tias lub tswv yim yog teem rau teb-nyhuv transistors, nws yog Kwv yees paj. Nws muaj peev xwm yuav xaus lus tias cov inputs tsis txhob haus tam sim no, tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi yog siv ua hauj lwm zoo amplifier Circuit Court - hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam tseem zoo li qub.

Tab sis tsis txhob xav hais tias los yog tiag tiag lossi hloov ntawm lub tswv yim voltage. Lub cev, no ce yog yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua, txij thaum yuav muaj raws li tus thib ob txoj cai. Vim ua hauj lwm amplifier mus ntsuam xyuas ntawm tag nrho cov inputs. Nrog tawm tswv yim ntawm sab nraud sib txuas lus Circuit Court yog kis tau mus rau lub tswv yim voltage ntawm cov qhov tso zis. Cov - nruab nrab ntawm lub inputs ntawm ua hauj lwm zoo amplifier yog lub voltage txawv ntawm xoom.

tswv yim tswvyim

Nws yog ib qho kev xav, thiab nws yog twb siv nyob rau hauv ib tug broad kev txiav txim zoo nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov teb ntawm technology. Nyob rau hauv kev tswj system muaj ib tug tswv yim voj uas muab piv cov qhov tso zis lub teeb liab thiab lub teeb tus nqi (reference). Nyob ntawm seb dab tsi tam sim no tus nqi - muaj ib tug kho lus nyob rau hauv txoj cai coj. Wherein cov kev tswj system yuav ua tau dab tsi, txawm ib lub tsheb uas mus rau hauv txoj kev.

Cov neeg tsav tsheb presses rau tus nres, thiab lub tswv yim yog - thaum pib ntawm lub deceleration. Los ntawm analogy nrog xws li ib tug piv txwv yooj yim, peb yuav to taub zoo dua lub tswv yim nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob circuits. Ib tug tsis zoo tswv yim - nws yog thaum nias tus brake lub tsheb accelerates.

Lub tswv yim electronics yog tus txheej txheem thaum lub sij hawm uas kis tau tus mob no tshwm sim los ntawm lub tso zis rau lub tswv yim lub teeb liab. Yog li muaj tseem yog khom ntawm lub tswv yim teeb liab. Nyob rau hauv ib tes, nws yog tsis heev paub tab paub xav tswv yim, tej zaum nws yuav nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb zoo li ntawm rau sab nraum, uas zoo heev txo lub nce. Tej kev txheeb xyuas, los ntawm txoj kev, qhov founders tau txais nyob rau hauv electronics txoj kev loj hlob lub tswv yim. Tab sis nws yog tsim nyog los nkag siab nyob rau hauv ntau yam nyob rau hauv nws cov feem rau kev ua hauj lwm amplifiers - xav txog cov tswv yim circuits. Thiab nws yuav paub tseeb hais tias nws yeej muaj tseeb thiab me ntsis thiaj li muaj qhov nce, tab sis tso cai rau koj los mus txhim kho ib tug ob peb lwm yam kev xaiv:

1. Smooth lub zaus teb (ua rau lawv tsim nyog).
2. Nws tso cai rau kom twv seb tus cwj pwm ntawm cov amplifier.
3. Peev xwm los mus tshem tawm cov uas tsis yog-linearity thiab teeb liab distortion.

Qhov ntau tswv yim (peb yuav sib tham txog qhov tsis zoo), cov tsawg cawv rau cov amplifier kev kawm nrog rau kev qhib OS. Tshwm - tag nrho nws cov tsis nyob ntawm seb xwb nyob rau hauv dab tsi thaj chaw ntawm ib tug Circuit Court.

Nws yog ib nqi hmoog rau lub fact tias tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm zoo amplifiers kev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib hom nrog ib tug heev sib sib zog nqus tawm tswv yim. Ib tug voltage nce (nws qhib-voj) yuav ncav cuag txawm ob peb lab. Yog li ntawd, lub amplifier Circuit Court yog ib tug ua hauj lwm amplifier yog tsis tshua muaj neeg xav tau rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm tag nrho cov tsis muaj fais fab mov thiab lub tswv yim teeb liab theem.