Mir Tsev fuabtais nyob rau hauv Belarus - lub embodiment ntawm keeb kwm nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb

Mir Tsev fuabtais yog nyob rau hauv lub nroog lub zos ntawm Mir. Nws yog situated nyob rau hauv Grodno cheeb tsam. Qhov no cim architectural monument yog ib tug fortification. Ua ntej 1568 lub tswv twb Ilyinich, ces - mus txog rau thaum 1828 - Radziwill. Tom qab lawv, tus tswv ntawm Wittgenstein lub chaw nyob kom txog rau thaum 1891. Lub xeem cov tswv ntawm lub tsev fuabtais complex twb Svyatopolk-Mirsky. Tom qab no, lub Mir Tsev fuabtais, ib tug yees duab ntawm cov uas muaj qhia hauv qab no, yog kis mus rau lub xeev cov tswv cuab.

Txheej txheem cej luam

Lub architectural complex yog suav tias yog ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau iconic khoom ntawm tag nrho cov tseem muaj sia nyob piv txwv uas yog thawj gothic koom pheej ntawm Belarus. Mirsky txhav tas cov qauv yog ib tug square zoo nrog sab ntawm hais txog 75 meters nyob rau hauv ntev thiab txheej txheem ntawm cov fab ntawm tus yees. Lawv qhov siab - 25-27 meters. Nyob rau hauv thawj zaug rau theem ntawm kev tsim kho, uas ntawd kub ntev li txog 4 xyoos, nws tau los ua plaub yees cob cog rua ntawm ib phab ntsa. Mir Tsev fuabtais muaj ib tug thawj layout. Yees yog ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov octagonal plaub, mounted, nyob rau hauv lem, nyob rau hauv tetrahedral. Phab ntsa qhov siab yog sib txawv - los ntawm 10 mus rau 12 meters. Nyob rau sab hnub poob (nyob rau hauv txoj kev mus rau Vilna) teev ib tug pej thuam nyob rau hauv nruab nrab. Nyob rau ntawm ib lub sij hawm nws yog tus tsuas yog nkag mus rau lub tshav puam ntawm lub tsev fuabtais, thiab cov tsev rau txim yog nyob rau hauv nws qab daus. Chapel nyob rau lub thib ob pem teb ntawm tus pej thuam. Nws yog los ntawm no cia hlau grille, uas tiv thaiv cov ntoo rooj vag nkag.

Chronology ntawm cov txheej xwm

Lub architectural complex twb muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov tub rog txheej xwm uas ib zaug swept ib tug fiery whirlwind ntawm lub Belarusian av. Lub chronology pib nrog cov sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lavxias teb sab-Polish (1654-1667 gg.), Thiab xaus nrog lub Lavxias teb sab-Fabkis ua tsov ua rog (1812). Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no lub kev cai dab qhuas tsev ntau tshaj ib zaug raug assaults thiab siege. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog disastrous rau lub architectural monument nyob rau hauv 1665 thiab 1706 xyoo. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm no nws twb raug mus rau puas tsuaj. Thaum pib ntawm lub XVIII xyoo pua Mir Tsev fuabtais txum tim rov qab, thiab nyob rau hauv 1784 dua puas. Nyob rau hauv 1812 lub phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev fuabtais complex muaj yog ib tug sib ntaus nyob rau hauv uas tau koom tes cavalry Davoust (Fabkis Marshal) thiab rear thib ob Lavxias teb sab tub rog Platov. Txij li thaum 1989, ib tug masterpiece uas yog thawj Gothic yog ib ceg ntawm lub National Art tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Belarus. Thaum pib ntawm lub XXI xyoo pua unfolded grandiose reconstruction ntawm lub complex. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias qhov no architectural monument no yog qhib rau cov neeg tuaj saib. Yuav kom nco ntsoov, ib tug mus ntsib mus rau Mir Tsev fuabtais yog tsim nyog 120 000 BYR. muab. (Hais txog 400 Lavxias teb sab). Nyob rau hauv 2001, lub architectural complex ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej twb tau muab ywj siab raws li txoj cai.

Mir Tsev fuabtais: keeb kwm

Architectural ua yog ib lub pob zeb qauv, lub ib thooj ntawm cov uas ua tau nyob rau hauv XVI-XVII cc. Raws li ib co kws tshawb fawb thiab kev soj ntsuam ntawm, ua ntej lawm nyob rau hauv tib lub qhov chaw yog nyob manor lords. Lub tsev fuabtais yog surrounded los ntawm ib tug ca cheeb tsam, thiab tus dej ntws Miranka ntawm ib sab nws. Cov kos yog hnub ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub monument ntawm architecture yog tsis paub hais tias kom txog rau thaum tam sim no. Txawm li cas los, muaj tswv yim uas nws siv pib tsis muaj ntxov tshaj 1522 xyoo. Nws yog ces tus tswv ntawm lub zos chaw - Yuriy Ilyinich - tswj lawv khoom kias thiab kev vaj tse kev sib raug zoo nrog Litavorom Hreptovichem.

Yog vim li cas tau tsa lub tuam tsev no?

Zaum tseem tsis tau tuaj mus rau ib tug kev pom zoo hais txog cov thawj lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev fuabtais. Txawm li cas los, ib tug yuav xav hais tias cov Gothic qauv ua tau rau yog vim li cas ntawm kev nplua nuj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muab qhov tseeb hais tias lub zos ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv cov hnub suav hais tias yuav tsum tau ib thaj yeeb qhov chaw. Txawm li cas los, cov phab ntsa thickness ntawm lub xauv (2 m nyob rau hauv sab saum toj thiab hauv qab ntawm 3 m) thiab ib tug tshwj xeeb peb txheej mixed masonry ua los ntawm bricks thiab pob zeb qhia zoo defensive muaj peev xwm ntawm tag nrho cov complex. Nyob rau hauv qis ib feem ntawm lub façade yog txiav riam phom loopholes. Nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob thiab sab qaum teb phab ntsa ntawm lub gallery tau muab tso rau sib ntaus sib tua nrog muaj zog ntoo thuv railings. Tu siab, cov thawj tswv ntawm lub complex - Ilyinich - tsis muaj cuab kav mus ua kom tiav qhov kev siv, raws li lawv haiv neeg twb tu ncua nyob rau hauv 1568. Cov tshiab cov tswv - Radziwill - lub project resumed. Tsaug rau lawv ua hauj lwm cov tsos ntawm cov lug nyob cov yam ntxwv nta ntawm lub Renaissance. Tshwj xeeb pab mus rau lub neej ntawm lub Mir Tsev fuabtais ua tswvcuab Nikolay Hristofor ntsuag. Ua nyob rau hauv muaj cov Radziwill tsev neeg, cov complex muaj ib tug 3-storey palace, tsim los ntawm Martin Zaborovsky.

Txoj hmoo ntawm lub architectural monument

Nyob rau hauv 1655 lub tsev ntawd raug coj los ntawm cov Cossacks coj los Hetman Ivan Zolotarenko. Tom qab ntawd sib ntaus sib tua nrog Russia, thiab ces tus Great Northern ua tsov ua rog yuav luag 80 xyoo tau coj kev puas tsuaj thiab kev kho siab. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub 30s ntawm lub XVIII xyoo pua kev cai dab qhuas tsev txum tim rov qab, tom qab uas nws los tshwm lub ntsiab nrog, portrait gallery thiab chav tsev rau dancing. Rov qab yog tsis spared thiab "Italian vaj". Nyob rau hauv 1785 Mir Tsev fuabtais tuaj Korol Stanislav Lub yim hli ntuj. Nws twb ntxim los ntawm txoj kev zoo nkauj thiab richness ntawm lub sab hauv kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub palace. Nyob rau hauv 1813 nyob rau hauv Fabkis, tuag tas los kav los mus inherit cov Radziwill tsev neeg - Dominik Geronim. Nws tus ntxhais - Princess Stephanie - los ua tus poj niam Lva Vitgenshteyna. Thiab nws tau mus rau Mir Tsev fuabtais pub. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Stephanie Lev Vitgenshteyn tsiv mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees. Nws tus tub, ua childless, dhau mus rau hauv lub muaj lub architectural complex ntawm nws tus muam Maria. Tab sis nws yuav tsis yuav tus tswv ntawm lub nyob khov kho vaj tse raws li txoj cai. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub complex muag rau tub huabtais Nikolay Svyatopolk-Mirsky. Tus tswv tsev tau pib ib lub grand reconstruction.

Lub postwar xyoo

Tom qab pub ntxiv tshaj qhov USSR, lub thaj ib sab ntawm Belarus nyob rau hauv 1939, lub architectural pob zeb diamond twb nationalized. Kom txog rau thaum 1941 nws yog ib tug ntau lawm nyuas, thiab thaum lub sij hawm Nazi txoj hauj lwm - ib tug ghetto rau cov neeg Yudais thiab ib tug camp rau neeg raug kaw ua tsov ua rog. Tom qab lub liberation ntawm Belarus kom txog rau thaum 1956 nyob rau hauv ib tug complex civil neeg nyob. Qhov no yog tej reflected nyob rau sab hauv kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub palace. Txij li thaum 1947, kev tsim kho yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev tiv thaiv.

Lub architectural complex hnub no

Mir Tsev fuabtais - nws yog ib lub brightest point ntawm kev txaus siab ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Belarus nrog ib tug zoo-tsim neeg mus ncig tebchaws infrastructure. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov phab ntsa yog feem ntau muaj nyob rau ntau yam kev lis kev cai txheej xwm: jousts, festivals, concerts, lub rooj sib tham thiab theatrical nrug. Lub tsev fuabtais complex - ib qho ntawm feem nrov qhov chaw uas yog xyuas los ntawm txawv teb chaws neeg ncig teb chaw.