"Mriya" IB-225. Xyuas, specifications, cov duab. Heavy thauj aircraft

Airliner Ib-225 "Mriya", uas yog nyob rau hauv qab daim duab, yog lub feem ntau heavy-duty ntawm lub dav hlau ntawm tag nrho cov uas tau ya mus rau cov huab cua. Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm nws takeoff luj yog sib npaug zos rau 640 tons. Tsim tus qauv yog vim qhov yuav tsum tau los tsim kom tau ib tug huab cua thauj system rau cov kev xav tau ntawm peb tes num reusable Soviet spacecraft "Buran". Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias thaum lub sij hawm ntawd tus aircraft, muaj no tsuas muaj ib daim ntawv. Tag nrho cov no thiab ntau yuav tsum sib tham nyob rau hauv kom meej hauv qab no.

Kev txiav txim tsim

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm 1988 lub Soviet Union, tsoom fwv commissioned tsim Antonov chaw khaws los tsim peb tes num thiab los tsim kom tau ib tug tshiab lub dav hlau. Lub ntsiab yuav tsum tau, uas yog muab tso rau pem hauv ntej rau nws, yuav tsum tau thauj spacecraft "Buran". Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub aircraft yog npaj yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv daim teb no ntawm kev ua si raws li thauj aircraft, uas yuav ua tau vim nws mus nqa tawm kev thauj mus los ntawm loj cov khoom rau cov roj, siv thiab tsuas industries.

thawj

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd rau tag nrho cov lwm yam yuav tsum, ua ntej lub designers muaj neeg ua hauj lwm kom ntau li ntau tau kom txo tus nqi ntawm cov tshiab aircraft. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog tsim nyog los txo lub sij hawm ntawm nws siv. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, lawv txiav txim siab los pib lub tsim, raws li zoo raws li yooj yim cov chav nyob thiab yam nyob rau hauv lwm yam loj qauv - lub IB-124 "Ruslan". Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv hais tias lub sij hawm nws muaj tseeb saum daim ntawv teev cov "zoo tshaj plaws Ukrainian dav hlau" (yees duab txog ntsha hauv qab no).

Nws thawj davhlau no liner ua nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm 1982. Nws thauj cov yam ntxwv yog nyob rau ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj chaw. Ib tug striking pov thawj yog qhov tseeb hais tias tom qab lub tsos ntawm "Ruslan" ib co ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tus khoos kas aerospace tuam txhab uas muag tau pib los mus kho lawv tej huab cua thauj txog ntsha. Qhov no kuj siv rau cov neeg Asmeskas uas urgently txhim kho lawv cov project "Lockheed" - C-5A "Galaxy".

Lub sij hawm luag tshawb no kuj hais tias cov hnyav thauj aircraft rau tej kev qhia raws li load peev xwm, muaj peev xwm mus nqa cov constituent ntsiab yog tsis tsuas cov "Buran" system, thiab txawm lub oxygen thiab hydrogen tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm lub foob pob ua ntxaij "Zog" nyob rau hauv lub docked lub xeev. Nyob rau lwm cov tes, vim hais tias ntawm nws tus Tsov tus tw plaub odnokilevym lwm thauj ntev loads los ua tsis yooj yim sua.

Ntsiab hloov

Designers tau hloov rau lub "Mriya" tsim ntawm lub tis. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm ntxiv seem ntawm qhov chaw tau ntau zog lawv zog. Tus tsim rau cov tis nce nyob rau hauv cov pylons yog tib yam, tab sis lawv tus naj npawb nce rau. Yog hais tias qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov fuselage ntoo khaub lig-section, muab piv nrog rau yav tas los kev hloov kho, tseem nyob zoo li qub, tag nrho cov qhov ntev ntawm lub nkoj nce. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txo qhov hnyav, nws twb txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv lub Ntaus ntawm cov khoom tailgate nrog tag nrho cov pab kiag li lawm tsim rau nraum chaw thau khoom thiab unloading. Rau kev nkag mus rau hauv lub load compartment ntawm lub qhov ntswg ntawm lub nkoj nce. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, qhib los yog kaw ntawm lub nruab nrab kem yuav siv sij hawm txog kaum feeb. Yuav kom "Ruslan" qauv tsim tsib cais racks nrog ntxaib log, uas tau lub mainstay rau lub chassis, nyob rau hauv lub Ib-225 nce lawv tus xov tooj mus rau xya. Empennage rau tau kev thauj ntawm cov khoom nyob sab nraum ntawm lub cev ua ob-keel.

kev nthuav qhia

IB-225 "Mriya" tau qhia rau cov Soviet pej xeem General Designer ntawm Antonov chaw khaws, PV Balabuevym, Kaum ib hlis 30, 1988. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, engineers thawj airliner kuav los tiag tawm ntawm lub rooj sib txoos nroj tsuag. Ob peb hnub tom qab lub tshuab yuav ua lawv thawj maneuvers nyob rau hauv lub Hoobkas airfield, namely khiav ntawm speeds mus txog 200 km / h, puv thiab nce rau pem hauv ntej khib chassis. Lub ob hlis ntuj 1, 1989 nyob rau hauv lub tshav dav hlau "Borispol" twb xub qhia rau txawv teb chaws ua hauj lwm thiab neeg sau xov xwm.

Tus thawj nqa mus tawm

Xub thawj, lub designers los ua lawv debut nyob rau hauv qhov tau nqa los-off cua Hlis ntuj nqeg 20, 1988. Txawm li cas los, vim rau huab cua tej yam kev mob (muaj zog cua thiab tsawg huab) qhov kev tshwm sim muaj tau muab ncua. Cov tib yeej muaj tseeb tiag ib hnub tom ntej. Dua li no, tom qab tus mus dhia-mus txog rau lub 950 meters, lub nkoj yooj yim tawm hauv av thiab pib nce. Thawj liner davhlau ntawd kub ntev li 1 teev, 14 feeb. Qhov loj tshaj plaws uas yuav txiav txim seb thaum twg nws constructors IB-225 "Mriya" - cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlab tswj system, raws li zoo raws li cov neeg thiab kev cia siab ntawm hauj lwm ntawm nyob rau hauv-board khoom. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov engineers yuav tsum tau cais puab cov aerodynamic kho cov cav tov. Raws li cov ntsiab ntawm davhlau, lawv tuaj mus rau lub xaus hais tias tag nrho cov tshuab thiab cov khoom khiav lag luam nyob rau hauv tag nrho raws li cov xam cov ntaub ntawv. Hlis ntuj nqeg 28, 1988 airliner nqa tawm rau lwm tus daim tshev davhlau.

cov ntaub ntawv

Nyob rau Lub peb hlis ntuj 22, 1989 yog ib tug heev txawv txawv sijhawm teem sib ntaus dav hlau "Mriya" (Ib-225). Kev yam ntxwv ntawm liner muab tag nrho cov preconditions, mus ua txhaum ob peb lub ntiaj teb no cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv kev npaj rau qhov kev tshwm sim kev koom tes cov kws txawj - testers, designers, technicians, engineers thiab pilots. Tom qab uas lub commission khoom, uas nws hnyav yog 156,3 tons, roj muab tub lim-qhov tau raug muab zwm. Tom ntej no, ib tug txog ntsha tsis muaj teeb meem soared mus rau hauv cov huab cua, thiab tom qab 45 feeb ces ntse tsaws. Thaum lub sij hawm luv luv no lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm lub IB-225 "Mriya" tsoo 110 lub ntiaj teb no cov ntaub ntawv. Previous kev kawm tau ntawm cov American "Boeing 747-400" nyob rau hauv xws ntsuas raws li lub siab tshaj plaws takeoff hnyav heev tau raug tshaj los ntawm ntau li ntau 104 tons. Xyuas cov kws txawj ua tim khawv tias Ib tug-225 yog tos rau ib tug kuj zoo kawg thiab ci yav tom ntej.

Kev kawm ntawv ntawm lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb

Txawm nws yog, qhov chaw kawm lub ntiaj teb no cov ntaub ntawv nws tsis yog lub ntsiab lub hom phiaj nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm yam khoom tshiab. Raws li twb hais saum toj no, ua ntej lub aircraft txheej hom phiaj yog mus thauj qhov chaw complex "Buran". Nws thawj davhlau nrog xws li ib tug tsim txom rau hauv lub "rov qab" liner ua zaum 13, 1989, thaum nws xa mus rau lub cosmodrome "Baikonur". Cov neeg coob, coj los ntawm A. Galunenkom, tsis tau soj ntsuam xyuas maneuverability ntawm cov hlab nrog cov "Buran" nyob rau lub rooj tsavxwm, raws li zoo raws li ntsuas cov roj noj thiab ceev ntawm lub davhlau nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm tej yam kev mob. Kaum hnub tom qab uas lub dav hlau nqa thro davhlau rau qhov lawv "Baikonur-Kiev". Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm 2700 kilometers nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tau kov yeej rau 4 teev thiab 25 feeb. Duab ntawm cov coob aircraft nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb nrog cov "Buran" on board yog muab hauv qab no.

Tus thawj coj mus muag davhlau

Lub debut coj mus muag davhlau ntawm cov Ib-225 tau ua nyob rau hauv Tej zaum 1990. Ces airliner perevoz tshwj xeeb tsheb laij teb "T-800" (nws nyhav ntau tshaj 100 tons) ntawm Chelyabinsk Yakutia. Tom qab nws tsaws hauv tshav dav hlau, tam sim ntawd nws tau txais mus rau hauv cov neeg coob coob vostorzhonnoy ib puag ncig. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias qhov no ntoj ke mus kawm yog tus nyob deb ntawm lo lus. Nws yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb xwb tsis rau lub teb chaws kev khwv nyiaj txiag, raws li nqa lub hom phiaj ntawm pov thawj kev thauj aircraft muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv xws yooj yim tej yam kev mob, ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv lub Arctic. Raws li cov ntsiab ntawm cov designers twb muaj ib tug xov tooj uas pab tau cov kev tshawb fawb thiab kos nqi lus xaus.

Ntsiab nta

Ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab zoo ntawm "Mriya" aircraft (IB-225) - kev specifications, sib ntaus cov ntaub ntawv. Lub liner yog txawm peem rau nrog rau turbojet xyaw, uas yog hu ua D-18T. Tus luj ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv tshaj lub cim ntawm plaub tons. Lawv tag nrho cov thrust sib npaug 1377 KN, uas yog unprecedented li no tus nqi. Thaum lub sij hawm nqa-off, lawv txhua tus muaj ib tug tso zis, uas yog 12 500 horsepower. Wingspan nyob rau hauv lub aircraft yog 88,4 meters, thaum lub cheeb tsam - 905 square meters. Raws li rau qhov luaj li cas, qhov ntev thiab qhov siab yog sib npaug zos rau 84 thiab 18,1 meters, ntsig txog.

IB-225 cruising ceev yog teem rau ntawm ib ncig ntawm 850 km / h. Muab tag nrho cov-sau cov roj tso tsheb hlau luam txog ntsha muaj peev xwm sawv los mus kov yeej 15 txhiab kilometers nyob rau hauv ib qho kev npliag lub xeev, thiab 4.5 txhiab kilometers nrog ib tug tshaj plaws load. Payload airliner yog 250 tons. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws muaj peev xwm mus nqa tawm flights rau ib tug qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 11,000 meters. Nrog hais txog qhov yuav tsum tau rau lub tso mam li pawv, nws kav ntev npaum yuav tsum yog tus yam tsawg kawg nkaus 3 kis lus mev. Cov roj noj ntawm lub tshuab yog ze li ntawm 16 tons ib teev twg (piv txwv tias yog lub lag luam ntawm cruising ceev thiab tag nrho load).

lub sij hawm

Lub aircraft yog peev xwm ntawm ncaj qha intra tsheb thauj mus los ntawm cov khoom, uas nws luj yog mus txog 200 tons, thiab intercontinental thauj loads txog li 150 tons. Sab nraum nyob rau aircraft fuselage yuav nqa tua cov khoom uas luj mus txog 200 tons. Lub cargo compartment yog lub Ib-225 yog heev roomy. Nyob rau hauv kev, tsis muaj teeb meem hauv fuselage 16 ntawm aircraft haum universal ntim VAR-10 (10 tonnes), 50 Monocargo lub tsheb los yog mus txog 200 tons (cov tsheb thauj khoom, generators, turbines, etc.). Rau nraum chaw thau khoom thiab unloading ntawm tus qauv nruab nrog rau tag nrho complex, uas muaj xws li plaub lifting mechanism nqa peev xwm ntawm tsib tons. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub nkoj designers tau muab ob winches.

neeg coob

Control ntawm lub aircraft Ib-225 "Mriya" yog nqa tawm los ntawm cov neeg coob, uas muaj rau cov neeg. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav pab txhawb kev nkag mus rau lub cockpit, rooj zaum ntawm tus thawj thiab thib ob pilots yog nruab nrog ib tug tag nrho system ntawm kev cai thiab muaj peev xwm tig. Tom qab lawv yog ib tug chaw ua hauj lwm cov kws muaj txuj nyob rau hauv navigation thiab kev sib txuas lus. Txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub cockpit rooj nyob on-board engineers. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov chaw muab rau tus thaub qab neeg coob hauv lub aircraft. Tus tswv alarm yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug tag nrho ntawm rau cov rooj zaum, thiab cov theem nrab - kaum ob. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ua tus commander ntawm cov neeg coob ntawm no tshuab, ib tug tsav yuav tsum muaj kev tswj qauv Ib-124 "Ruslan", muaj raws ntawm tsis tsawg tshaj li tsib xyoo.

avionics

Nyob rau hauv avionics Model IB-225 "Mriya" xws li muaj tsis siv neeg davhlau tswj system ua tau zoo, thiab ib tug zaub nrog dynamic daim ntawv qhia. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub tshuab hluav taws xob saib, uas yog tsim rau cov hluav taws xob kev tswj, yog tsis tuaj kawm ntawv. Qhov ntswg compartment yog muab faib ua ob dielectric tsam. Lawv yog tsim los kom tiv thaiv ntawm av radar navigation, radar thiab rau pem hauv ntej-tom nrhiav system. Nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cia units ntawm no yog lub Performance index ntawm qhov siab thiab tus cwj pwm qhia. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub tsheb tav xis muaj ib txoj hauj lwm qhia roj levers, ntsuas ntsawj propulsion, deflection sensors takeoff thiab tsaws kiag li lawm thiab tswj chaw.

rebirth

Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union, lub ntiaj teb no tus loj tshaj plaws aircraft twb tsis xav. Nyob rau hauv 1994, nws flights tau txiav. Ntxiv mus, motors thiab lwm yam khoom nrog nws nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tau coj mus rau ntxiv siv nyob rau hauv "Ruslan". Txawm nws yog, txhua txhua xyoo ntau thiab ntau muaj qhov yuav tsum tau npaj resuscitation hu ua "Mriya": loj dav hlau los ntawm lwm yam ua manufacturers tau tau tsis tau tiv nrog lub yam uas tsuas yog los ntawm IB-225 qauv. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, designers tau hloov lub liner nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav kom nws ua raws li uas twb muaj lawm cov qauv nyob rau hauv civil aviation.

"Mriya" yog tus thib ob lub hnub yug Tej zaum 7, 2001. Nws yog ces, tom qab ib tug series ntawm sau, koj lem thiab kuaj liner dua sawv mus rau hauv cov huab cua. Nyob rau board twb cim lub cim UR-82060 thiab cov neeg coob coj los tsav AV Galunenko. Tshuab nyob rau txog kaum tsib feeb nyob rau hauv huab cua, thiab ces tsaws yam xyuam xim. Tej zaum 23, 2011 cov hlab tau txais tag nrho cov tsim nyog daim ntawv pov, xws li cov thoob ntiaj teb. Nws yuav siv tau rau coj mus muag thauj ntawm cov khoom.

thib ob daim ntawv

Los ntawm cov heev thaum pib ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub IB-225 "Mriya" twb los tsim tau ob cov ntawv luam ntawm nws. Dua li no, lub thib ob tshuab yog ua kom tiav thiab tsis yog. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog tus tsis muaj kom tau nyiaj pab ntawm peb tes num. Tam sim no, nws yog nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Antonov Hoobkas. Kws txawj kwv yees tag nrho cov degree ntawm nws cov ntawv rau 70 feem pua. Dua, txij thaum lub Soviet era yog tus fuselage, ib tis thiab chaw seem. Raws li cov designers, kom tiav no tshuab yog heev ua tau, tab sis nws yuav siv sij hawm ib tug npaum li ntawm cov nyiaj, sib npaug kom txog 150 lab US dollars. Qhov no yog tau tsuas yog thaum ib tug neeg los yog tus neeg tos.

Ib co nta ntawm "Mriya" aircraft

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav xyuas kom meej muaj kev ruaj ntseg thaum lub sij hawm sib ntaus center ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm lub aircraft nrog ib tug cargo yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv ntev hauv tej yam kev txwv. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, lub chaw thau khoom no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv raws li cov kev qhia ntawv. Validation ntawm tus txheej txheem no yog lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub Copilot. Nws tau coj lwm manufacturers thauj no txog ntsha yuav siv tsis tau, yog li lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib yog thauj tus kheej daim ntawv ntawm tus dais. Qhov no yog ib tug hnyav thauj aircraft, vim lub sheer luj ntawm lub tsheb rau hauv pavement yeej ib txwm nyob twj ywm ib co kua nplaum ntawm cov chassis. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus nqi ntawm ib qho ntawm lub log pib nrog ib tug cim ntawm ib txhiab US dollars.