Nizhniy Novgorod. Kremlin - ib tug fortress nyob rau hauv lub nroog qhov chaw (yees duab)

Thaum no tus taw tes nws yog lam xav hais tias muaj yog 41 historic lub zos nyob rau hauv Russia. Cov lawv ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw yog Nizhny Novgorod. Kremlin ntawm lub nroog yog ib qho ntawm feem zoo nkauj thiab majestic sights thiab fwm ntawm cov nroog attracts phav phav ntawm tourists, nrog rau cov los ntawm txawv teb chaws.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub hauv paus thiab kev tsim kho

Txij ancient sij hawm, qhov chaw uas zoo heev ntawm ancient Russia tau tsa tej chaw tiv thaiv uas muaj kev tiv thaiv hauv lub nroog los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab nres. Tsis muaj lub zem lub Scandinavians hu ua Gardarika peb lub teb chaws. Ib tug ntawm cov chaw tiv thaiv, ua nyob rau hauv lub 14th pua, los ua tus Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, uas yog Ameslikas ua ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab ntoo.

Nyob rau hauv Ivan lub Peb, nyob rau hauv 1500, ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv muaj peev xwm ua ntawm lub nroog tso thawj pob zeb ntauwd, lub npe hu ua Tver. Vim lub tua Horde mus ua kom tiav qhov kev siv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1505, raws li tau zoo raws li 8 xyoo tom qab hlawv ntoo qhib Kremlin nyob rau hauv Nizhny Novgorod caw kes duab lub vajtse Pietro Francesco. Nws yog ib qhov Italian thiab tsim muaj zog tiv thaiv, uas niaj hnub no amaze qhua.

Tshiab Kremlin ua tau ntawm tufa, ua downstream ntawm lub Volga, thiab bolshemernogo liab cib, uas yog ua rau ntawm qhov chaw.

hauj lwm fortress

Kremlin (Nizhny Novgorod) muaj ib tug 2-kilometer phab ntsa thiab 13 yees. Ntawm no, 5 tau lub carriageways thiab 8 - round, lag ntseg. Tsis tas li ntawd, ua ntej Dmitrov ntauwd yog ib tug me me pob zeb choj nrog paug pej thuam.

Fortress twb ncig los ntawm ib tug moat anhydrous dav thiab ib tug tob ntawm 25-30 m -. 2.5-4 m Kws txawj hais tias nyob rau hauv moat cheeb tsam Dmitrovskaya ntauwd muaj ib co chaw uas twb tau sau hauv qab av.

Riam phom thiab garrison

Ib artillery fortress nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, thaum lub caij tsis muaj dab tsi yog paub. Txawm li cas los, cov ntaub ntawv yog fwm tias nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-xyoo pua 17th armed garrison tsuas yog 20 phom, rau tom qab noj Ivanom Groznym nyob rau hauv 1552 Kazan tub rog thiab tiv thaiv hniav ntawm tus Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin tsis yeem ho. Lawv feem ntau me me caliber squeaked attire. Muaj kuj txaj - me me phom tua feem. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, siv ntawm lwm yam phom - cov zaub mov-gakovnitsy.

Kremlin (Nizhny Novgorod): Keeb kwm

Thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo pua 16th fortress pheej raug siege, tab sis tus yeeb ncuab yeej tsis muaj kev tswj los mus nce dua nws nws banner.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th tus Kremlin tau los ua ib tug qhov chaw nyob qhov twg muaj ib tug ua ke, culminating nyob rau hauv lub koom haum ntawm lub Ob txhais neeg militia, uas rua Russia, thiab ua kom tiav lub Tej.

Nyob rau hauv lub 18th xyoo pua nws yog siv raws li qhov chaw nyob ntawm tus tswv xeev. Thaum Catherine qhov kev txiav txim Dilapidated Kremlin rov qab los. Txawm li cas los, cov khoom ua hauj lwm tsuas worsened tus mob ntawm cov qauv. Txawm ntau ua yog ib qho los cawm tiv thaiv pom nyob rau hauv lub 1834-1837 xyoo. Nyob rau hauv kev, tom qab lub ditch tau sau, lub qhov siab ntawm lub Kremlin tsis yeem los ntawm 4 m thiab lub qis tiers twb underground. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lawv twb flooded by cov dej hauv av thiab maj mam pib lwj. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, lub Kremlin (Nizhny Novgorod) tau ua ib qho chaw uas tau mus rau lub Patriotic ua tsov ua rog ntawm lub militia, leej twg, ncaj ncees rau lub cim xeeb yawg, tsom lawv tus kheej siab tawv tub rog.

Lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej

Nyob rau hauv Alexander lub Peb tuaj qhov zam rau txhua yam Lavxias teb sab thiab kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws lub keeb kwm. Nyob rau hauv 1894 nws tau txiav txim siab los npaj ib tug keeb kwm tsev cia puav pheej nyob rau hauv lub Kremlin. Ua li no, peb tau txiav txim siab los remake Dmitrievskaya pej thuam. Tomqab kawm tas nyob rau hauv 1896, lub tsev cia puav pheej yog qhib rau cov pej xeem. Yuav kom xa qhua mus rau Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin (Nizhny Novgorod), ib tug yees duab uas yog hais hauv qab no, nyob rau hauv 1896 los ntawm cov Christmas txoj kev ua funicular. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv 1926 nws yog raug kaw, raws li pib khiav hauj lwm lub tsheb kab raws Zelensky Congress. Nws tuaj koom lub Great Intercession txoj kev nrog Christmas.

Thaum Soviet hwj chim (mus txog 1945)

Tom qab lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig, raws li zoo raws li tag nrho cov teb chaws, ib tug zoo kawg hloov tau befallen Nizhny Novgorod. Lub Kremlin tau poob nws nto moo Hloov Hlo Cathedral, uas muaj tsis muaj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub nroog, renamed nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm Maksima Gorkogo.

Ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ib tug ancient tuam tsev, uas twb ua Mihailom Romanovym thiab Archbishop Filaret nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, tus tshiab cov tub ceev xwm los tsim kom tau ib lub tsev sab laj, thiab cov tsev khaws puav pheej, uas ua nyob rau hauv lub Dmitriev ntauwd yog kaw. kuj tsim ib lub hom phiaj ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm ib co yees, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav nthuav lub Soviet cheeb tsam, tiam sis cov kev pab them nqi tau tiv thaiv los ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog.

Los ntawm 1941 mus 1943, lub Nazis pib bombard cov huab cua Nizhny Novgorod. Lub Kremlin, uas nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm yog ntev tshaj 4 centuries, sawv nyob rau hauv tiv thaiv ntawm nws haiv neeg lub nroog. Nyob rau nws yees tau muab tso rau anti-aircraft phom uas muaj kev tiv thaiv cov skies ntawm Gorky.

Nyob rau hauv lub postwar lub sij hawm

Los ntawm kawg ntawm tus thib ob World War nyob ze ntawm lub phab ntsa ntawm lub ancient Kremlin, Soviet Square (Minin thiab Pozharsky), nws yog lub yeej Parade, thiab txij li thaum 1949, lub fortress twb raug mus rau restoration. Tom qab '31 nyob rau hauv lub Kremlin, ib exhibition ntawm riam phom, sib ntaus tawm tsam tus invaders.

Txij li thaum lub thaum ntxov Kwvyees li xyoo 1990 cov tsis muaj nyiaj tau coj mus rau ib tug ua tiav cessation ntawm lub restoration ua hauj lwm. Lawv txuas ntxiv xwb nyob rau hauv lub 2000s. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, kom tau khaws cia rau hauv lub landmarks rau tiam tom ntej, nyob rau hauv lub Nizhny Novgorod koom haum los ntawm lub keeb kwm thiab Architectural Reserve, lub hauv paus uas yog cov Kremlin.

Los ntawm lub xeem xyoo ntawm cov txheej xwm yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg Zachatskoy reconstruction ntawm lub pej thuam, uas tau ua nyob rau hauv 2012. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kev tsim kho ua hauj lwm nplhaib Kremlin phab ntsa ua raug rho tawm, thiab architectural khaub ncaws ntau mas yuav kis tau ib tug ua tiav daim ntawv no.

Uas niaj hnub no lawv pom cov tourists nyob rau hauv Nizhny Novgorod

Hnub no lub nroog yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau tseem ceeb mus ncig tebchaws chaw ntawm thaj av ntawd. Heev heev attractions txhua xyoo nyiam txhiab tus tourists mus Nizhny Novgorod. Lub Kremlin yog tus thawj ntawm lawv. Ntawm cov monuments fwm nyob rau hauv nws lub teb chaws, tej zaum nws yuav tsum tau muab sau 13 yees, txhua tus uas soj ntsuam yuav coj zoo Library lovers ntawm architecture. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj cov City Duma, tus prosecutor lub chaw ua hauj lwm, lub tsev hais plaub ntawm tsoom, lub ntsiab npe chaw ua hauj lwm, ib tug ncej chaw ua hauj lwm, ib tug Philharmonic nrog, ib tug kos duab khaws puav pheej, ib tug guardhouse thiab ib tug nyob mus ib txhis nplaim taws. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov txheej txheem: huas ntawm kev hlub, ib tug ob peb cafes thiab lwm yam khoom.

Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin: yuav ua li cas kom tau

Cov fortress yog situated nyob rau txuas ntawm lub Oka thiab Volga, nyob rau ib siab promontory. Cov neeg uas tuaj txog nyob rau hauv lub nroog los ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau los ntawm Moscow railway chaw nres tsheb yuav ncav cuag lub Kremlin, siv lub shuttle tsheb npav N 34, 81, 134, 54 los yog 172 kom tsis txhob "Minin thiab Pozharsky Square". Cov nram qab no yog kom dhau rau ib tug neeg taug kev txoj kev - Bolshaya Pokrovskaya.

lwm dostoprimechaelnosti

Yuav ua li cas lwm tus muaj peev xwm koj pom tias koj muaj hmoo txaus kom tau mus Nizhny Novgorod? Lub Kremlin yog surrounded los ntawm nthuav keeb kwm thiab architectural monuments, uas muaj peev xwm kuj yuav saib. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub square ntawm Minin thiab Pozharsky, nyob rau sab qab teb sab ntawm lub nroog phab ntsa, muaj yog ib daim qauv ntawm tus naas ej Moscow ib tug monument tsa nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm heroes. Nyob ze tseem yog lub A. S. Pushkina Tsev khaws puav pheej, tug ciav, ua nyob rau hauv 1847, monuments V. Chkalov thiab Kuzma Minin. Cov yav tas yog lub npe hu hais tias nws twb ntsia thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tsa lub morale ntawm Nizhny Novgorod nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm khaus cua raids nyob rau hauv lub nroog.

Tam sim no uas koj paub tias dab tsi attracts tourists Nizhny Novgorod. Kremlin (saib duab. Saum toj no) Tsim nyog mus xyuas nws, thiab tag nrho cov nuj nqis rau cov kev ua ntawm peb pog koob yawg koob.