Npaum nkaus - yog yam nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no?

Qhov no lub sij hawm thawj siv cov Fabkis txawj sau ntawv thiab kev sau ntawv critic Yuliey Kristevoy Bulgarian keeb kwm nyob rau hauv lub 70-ies ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo. Npaum nkaus - ib tug duab ntawm kev hais lus nrog pom tseeb aesthetic nyhuv ntawm "tsim lub zej zog". Nws nkag mus hauv lub caij ntawm qhov kev ua si. Nws yog muab zais, raws li yog hais alluding mus rau ib tug lo lus los yog luv luv kab lus hais txog ib phau ntawv, ib tug zoo-paub cov keeb kwm fact, epic los yog kev cai dab qhuas kev lig kev cai. Yog li ntawd nws yog lam xav hais tias tus nyeem ntawv integrates nrog cov txawj sau ntawv ib zaug xwb kev tsim nrog ib tug muaj kev ntseeg, kev lis kev cai thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm cov haiv neeg, cov kev txawj ntse ntawm lub sij hawm thiab kev tshwm sim ntawm cov keeb kwm cov txheej xwm los yog biographical cov ntsiab lus ntawm tib neeg nto moo.

Yog hais tias reminiscence "perelitsovyvat" nyob rau hauv nws cov thawj retelling ntawm lub saum toj no cov txheej xwm, narrating, npaum nkaus - ib yam ntawm cov neeg sau txoj link, hint, tawm tswv yim hais tias ib tug tag nrho cov account ntawm nws ua rau tsis muaj kev txiav txim zoo. Suffice nws los qhia rau cov txawj nyeem ntawv, thiab lawv yuav qhia rau lawv tus kheej, yog dab tsi ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg.

Nws yog noteworthy tias cov thaum ntxov Christian sau ntawv, xws li Kliment Aleksandriysky, qhia rau cov txawj nyeem ntawv cov kev qhia tswj ntawm tus tshiab txoj kev ntseeg los ntawm tam sim no tsoos allusions rau Roman haiv neeg: allusions rau hauv tej hauj lwm uas nto moo sau phau ntawv ntawm antiquity. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv nws "ntuas" Clement kheev siv cov nqe lus, lo lus, cov yam ntxwv ntawm Plato tej hauj lwm, "tus neeg tsav tsheb ntawm noob neej", ib Rev ntawm "ib tug quab" asses - laus cov hluas, "tus tswv lub laub cai".

Hais txog classic Greek epic, nco ntsoov tias npaum nkaus - uas yog dab tsi twb hu ua ua ntej "winged lus." Muaj ntau ntawm lawv yuav tsum acquaintance ntawm cov txawj nyeem ntawv nrog tales ntawm ancient Greece thiab lwm yam civilizations. Lug siv nyob rau hauv classical ntaub ntawv, cov lus "Augean nkuaj nyug nees", illustrating lub ntxhov, ntxhov. Cov lus no "Tug ncej ntawm Hercules" siv nyob rau hauv tus nqi thaum xaus ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Lub npe Anthea yog lub inextricable txuas tus txiv neej nrog nws lub teb chaws, lub qhov chaw ntawm nws lub hwj chim. "Achilles luj" yog sib npaug mus rau lub tswvyim ntawm ib tug tsawg tab sis tseem ceeb heev vulnerabilities. Needless hais, nrov nyob rau hauv npaum nkaus creativity. Piv txwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yog xauv npo. Ntawm no yog cov cia li ib tug ob peb.

Ib tug tshiab Genriha Senkevicha 'Quo Vadis' sib txuas ntxiv ntawm ntau biblical allusions. Twb siv los ntawm Yexus 'lub npe nws tus kheej, Tus tubtxib Petus thiab Povlauj nyob rau hauv qhov kev piav qhia ntawm lub artistic hauj lwm ntawm zaj dab neeg ntawm tus nyeem ntawv assumes paub nrog cov thawj - Phau Tshiab.

Qhov no xam yog feem ntau feem ntau los art keeb kwm kev tshwm sim. Piv txwv li, Charlotte Bronte txo nws hwj mus rau hauv lub qhov ncauj Dzhen Eyr ua tim khawv rau tus ntoo khaub lig lub Rubicon dej - lub ntuj ciam nkauj nraug Gaul thiab Ltalis (hla ntawm uas Yuliem Tsezarem yog tantamount thaum pib ntawm lub Civil War). Kws ntawv no trope (zoo daim duab) yog qhia ntau txog irrevocable kev txiav txim siab.

Literary npaum nkaus kev lis kev cai conditioned, haiv neeg twg. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias tom qab ntawv ntawm tus tshiab los ntawm Daphne du Maurier, "Rebecca" nyob rau hauv cov lus Askiv xovxwm qhib kab lus ntawm no piece ntawm tus npau suav nyob rau hauv uas lub heroine ntawm tus tshiab rov qab mus rau lub qub txeeg qub tes Menderli, tau ua tsis tshua muaj nrov, cia li raws li cov kev taw qhia ua ntej lub taug txuj kev nyuaj.

Tus sau phau ntawv lawv tus kheej feem ntau tsim lawv, sau cov keeb kwm thiab tseeb cov ntsiab lus. Nto moo tshiab B. Stoker lub "Dracula" koom lub ntsiab demonic cim nrog ib tug tiag tiag keeb kwm cim Tub Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Wallachia, Vlad III. Dhau li piav qhia noble vampire xauv muaj tiag thiab hnov nrog precision mus rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub sij xauv kav.

Niaj hnub no tus neeg sau ntawv yog tseem tsis "nog nyom lub rear." Npaum nkaus - nws yog niaj hnub. Nws yuav tsum tau paub hais tias nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, pib los ntawm lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, qhov no artistic daim duab uas tsis tshua muaj nrov sau ntawv, nws placers organically woven rau hauv cov zajlus tig. Nyias ironic npaum nkaus rau hauv Phau Ntawv Sherlock Holmes yog ib tug tshiab uas niaj hnub classics xibfwb Umberto Eko "Lub Npe Rose". Qhov kev tshawb xyuas ntawm mysterious murders entrusted Franciscan monks William Baskervilskomu (khees irony). Nws pab Adson lub npe (obviously raws li konandoylevskim Watson). Tab sis cov keeb kwm txawj parallels nkawd rau nws ib tug me ntsis. Nws qhia tau hais tias, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug dig muag ntawv Jorge Burgos hlob killer nrov Argentine sau dab neeg luv luv thiab novels Horhe Borhesa. Lug siv allusions thiab kawm Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv Boris Akunin, Viktor Pelevin.