Nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag ib tug ntug - nws yog ... ib tug suab paj nruas sij hawm "ntug"

Nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag Kant - ib yam ntawm cov tsev neeg polyphonic songs. Nws tau txais ntau nyob rau hauv Russia, Belarus thiab Ukraine. Yuav ua li cas yog vim li cas cov tsos ntawm npoo? Qhov twg cov kev hom ntawv nyeem muaj nws cov hauv paus? Yuav ua li cas yog cov yam ntxwv xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv nws? No thiab lwm yam teeb meem ntawm kev txaus siab tsis tau tsuas yog rau ib tug nqaim vajvoog ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb, tab sis kuj inquisitive cov neeg uas txaus siab rau lub kos duab ntawm cov suab paj nruag.

hu suab nkauj uake

Ua ntej xav tias cov nqe lus nug "yog dab tsi ib tug ntug nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag?", Koj yuav tsum xav txog lub suab qw ua tau zoo raws li ib tug tag nrho. Lub suab qw suab paj nruag yog ntawm ob peb hom: folk, kev cai dab qhuas, secular, kev. Lub suab paj nruas lus dab neeg lub suab qw hu nkauj muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pej xeem zaj nkauj. Lub compositions tej zaum yuav yog kaw qauv (tiav art) thiab qhib.

Hu suab nkauj uake yog distinguished los ntawm tej yam ntxwv. Firstly, lub hom polyphony: homophony, heterophony los yog polyphony. Ob, cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub ua tau zoo: laus nrog saib xyuas (a'capella), solo hu nkauj los yog accompaniment (instrumental music).

Lub suab qw compositions yuav ua tau ib feem ntawm loj tej hauj lwm, thiab tag ywj siab sau ntawv. Thoob plaws ntau yam ntawm lub suab qw kev kho mob uas yog siv niaj hnub no. Qhov no arrangement, transcription, raws li zoo raws li harmonization.

Ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub suab qw suab paj nruag yog kos duab rau ntawm ancient Greece, Byzantium, Is Nrias teb thiab tim lyiv teb chaws. Lub cev qhuav dej ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv nyob rau hauv Orthodoxy thiab Catholicism twb xav nyob rau hauv lub evolution ntawm kev cai dab qhuas thiab secular. Nyob rau hauv lub Nrab Hnub nyoog muaj lub hom thaum ntxov polyphony, hu ua organum. Ntau monasteries thiab lub koom txoos ntawm loj European lub zos ua cov chaw rau cov tsev teev ntuj hu suab nkauj uake. Cov universities yog nce suab me nyuam kawm ntawv nkauj thiab secular motets.

Lub suab qw hu nkauj (polyphony) yog flourishing nyob rau hauv lub Renaissance. Tsim lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov kev ntseeg ntawm cov suab paj nruas muaj pes tsawg leeg, kis tau thoob plaws ntau yam secular cov ntaub ntawv, tshiab lwm yam (Motet, madrigal, Mass, Magnificat, chanson). Tej hauj lwm ntawm masters ntawm lub Dutch tsev kawm ntawv ua si ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub evolution ntawm lub suab qw suab paj nruag. Ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cov neeg sawv cev yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg Dufay, Despres, Izak, Obrecht, Okegema.

Basic hom kev kawm thiab aesthetic hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov masters ntawm lub Dutch tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm lasso, Gabrieli, Palestrina, Monteverdi thiab lwm tus neeg. Qhov tseem ceeb lub sij hawm ntawd yog cov tsos ntawm cov opera. Qhov no yog zaum kawg sib cais ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj hu suab nkauj uake. Nyob rau hauv tus ntawm cov khoom cua ib hom ntawv nyeem tsim cantatas thiab oratorios.

Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug ntug nyob rau hauv lub suab paj nruag?

Raws li hais saum toj no, qhov no zoo ntawm tsev polyphonic songs. Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua XVII rau tag nrho lub zog ntawm Guj kuj yog sai tsim syllabic paj huam. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, muaj ib tug ntug, thiab raws li ib tug kws ib hom ntawv nyeem. Chiv, lawv tau sau mas nyob rau hauv kev cai dab qhuas ntawv thiab hu ua Psal'ma.

Early npoo muaj txoj tonal system, uas yog zoo intertwined Lavxias teb sab thiab Ukrainian pej xeem nkauj, Polish suab paj nruag thiab Banner chant. Lawv tuaj nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm thematic cov ntsiab lus thiab yog feem ntau xa mus rau raws li cov nkauj.

Thaum lub sij hawm, lawv suab system zoo heev enriched. Organically intertwined ntsiab ntawm lub prevailing pej xeem nkauj thiab seev cev cov ntaub ntawv. Ib txhia hom sawv nrees ib feem ntawm lub qhov ncauj pej xeem kev lig kev cai.

Lub hauv paus pib ntawm npoo

Tsis yog txhua tus paub lub ntsiab lus ntawm "ntug". Txhais los ntawm lub Latin - "hu nkauj". Lawv lub hauv paus pib pib nrog lub suab paj nruas kab lis kev cai ntawm teb chaws Poland. Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua XVI, lawv raug hu ua "kantychek". Thoob plaws nyob rau hauv Russia, Ukraine thiab Belarus, lawv tau txais nyob rau hauv XVI-XVII centuries. Lawv lub ntsiab yog heev ntau haiv neeg. Sab ntsuj plig chants tau ua heev nrov ntawm cov txiv plig nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov XVII caug xyoo. Qhov no "hloov siab lees txim" los yog "edifying" chants. Lawv ua nyob rau hauv ib tug twj ywm thiab leisurely pace. Peb muaj volumetric atherosclerosis thiab lub suab qw warehouse.

ib feem song

Nws tsim nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus nrog cov piping. Cov nkauj tau meant rau plaub, rau, yim, kaum ob los yog ntau tshaj votes. Lawv tus naj npawb mus txog nees nkaum-plaub thiab plaub caug-yim. Lub siab heev tshaj plaws hauv daim ntawv ntawm polyphonic hu nkauj los ua dawb ceev concerts. Lawv tsis nyuaj thaum lub sij hawm lub festive Vajtswv txoj hauj lwm. Tsaug rau lub concerts, ib tug tshiab cim, uas tshwm sim rau hnub no. Qhov no yog ib tug tsib-line stave. Thiab yog hais tias ua ntej lub partesnogo style twb hooks, nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no muaj qhov yuav tsum tau kom meej cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv harmonic polyphony. Txij li thaum uas lub sij hawm, txhua daim ntawv nruab nrab yog ib tug tej yam siab thiab ntev.

Partesnogo hauj lwm tsim ntau composers. Txawm li cas los, cov nto moo tshaj plaws Nikolai Diletsky, Vasily Titov, Nikolai Kalashnikov, Dmitry Berezovsky thiab Dmitry Bortniansky.

Los ntawm nkauj rau Kant

Psalms, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub tsev teev ntuj nkauj lawv tau npaj rau domestic music-txiav txim siab. Lawv tsis tau tej lus thov zog, lawv txiav txim tsis nruj me ntsis tswj. Yog li ntawd lawv sai sai tuaj rau hauv kev siv thiab tau ua nrov nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XVII nyob rau hauv Russia, Belarus thiab Ukraine. Kuaj ntawm no ib hom ntawv nyeem muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv phau ntawv "Menologion" Simeona Polotskogo. Music mus phau ntawv sau Vasily Titov.

Psalms - qhov no yog ib tug tsis tshua tseem ceeb kauj ruam nyob rau hauv txoj kev hloov los ntawm secular rau nkauj dawb ceev. Nyob rau hauv kev, ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm lyrical ntug. Tej zaum lub ntsiab ntawm cov lus yeej zoo tib yam.

Yam ntxwv nta: peb-ib feem zog, kev nthuav qhia ntawm ob sab sauv thaum uas tig mus feem peb votes, qhov reference ntses bass thaj tsam, harmonic cev pob txha. Tag nrho cov no yuav tsum tau lub ntsiab feature ntawm Kant nyob rau hauv lub XVIII caug xyoo.

Ob-ib feem hauv daim ntawv ntawm nkauj, yog repelled los ntawm cov semantic nqi ntawm cov poetic cov ntawv nyeem. Lub cim ntawm lub suab seev yuav varied - los ntawm lub pleas thiab kev tsis txaus siab mus rau lub qhuas thiab contemplation.

Cants nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm Peter Kuv

Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no, nyob ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub npoo patriotic ntxhais. Lawv pom tau hais tias yuav muaj ib tug loj nrov ib hom ntawv nyeem, hnov nyob rau hauv lub official koob tsheej mob siab rau cov tub rog yeej thiab tseem ceeb tshwm sim-tsav lub sij hawm ntawm pej xeem lub neej. Nyob rau hauv Peter kuv tsa ib tug triumphal koov. Qhov no coj qhov chaw nyob rau Moscow, thiab tom qab ntawd rau hauv txoj kev ntawm St. Petersburg rau lub sij hawm yeej battles. Winners tau ntsib nyob rau hauv lub rooj vag ntawm lub hu nkauj ua ke hu nkauj thiab ceremonial fanfare ntawm cov tub rog bands.

Panegyric thiab vivatnye npoo

Chants thiab ua qhia tshwj xeeb uas tsim nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus huab tais thiab nws generals. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm uas muaj xws li ib tug lub npe Ntug li "laudatory" thiab "vivatny". Nyob rau hauv Greek panhgurikoz - qhov no zaj nkauj qhuas, ntau heev qhuas. Txhais los ntawm lub Latin vivat txhais tau tias "ntev nyob". Nkauj cov npoo ua ke nrog kev nyeem ntawv lub "lo lus qhuas", alternated nrog lub ringing ntawm tswb thiab firing cannons, thiab twb nrog ua si rau cov dag cua seev. Nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag ib tug ntug - qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws chants, uas yog feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv lub tsev. Lawv tsis nyuaj tom qab txais tos hais lus thiab tseem ceeb, raws li ci. Panegyric npoo muaj nyob rau hauv cov kev ua si tsev kawm ntawv theaters ntawm St. Petersburg thiab Moscow.

Yam ntxwv nta ntawm lub Ntug

Lub ntsiab feature ntawm cov suab paj nruas tivthaiv yog ib tug peb-ib feem sawv qhov kev nthuav qhia nrog thaum uas tig mus zog sab sauv ob votes. Independent ntses bass thaj tsam ua raws li ib tug harmonic foundation. Melodic suab nyeem znamenny chant, raws li zoo raws li Lavxias teb sab, Belarusian, Polish thiab Ukrainian pej xeem nkauj. Yog hais tias peb xav txog lub Petrine era, lub suab paj nruag ib tug ntug - zaj nkauj no, uas yog feem ntau siv fanfare suab, reminiscent nyob rau hauv nws cov sounding cov tub rog Pib ntsais koj teeb. Festive thiab tseem ceeb cim muab chants-jubilus rau cov lus "Viva!", Raws li tau zoo raws li leej atherosclerosis ntawm lub peb hlis ntuj. Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm yeej cov Sustainer thiab lub suab qw ib hom ntawv nyeem. Kant hloov contemplative raspevnosti ntaub ntawv coj melos nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv tsa suab, crisp thiab elastic rhythms, syllabic 'meter'.

Lub heyday ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem. scriptwriter

Zenith ntug tau txais mus rau nruab nrab ntawm lub XVIII caug xyoo. Thaum lub sij hawm no, muaj cov lyrical, keeb kwm thiab humorous songs. Lawv tswj tau lawv tej chaw kom txog thaum pib ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws sau ntawv ntawm nws lub sij hawm yog tus sau phau ntawv ntawm cov ntawv. Cov lawv: MV Lomonosov, AP Sumarokov, VK Trediakovskii.

Lub authorship ntawm cov suab paj nruag feem ntau twb tsau cia li rau paj huam. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv tus ntawv sau collections (raws li kev lig kev cai) tsis qhia lub npe ntawm composers. Kev lig kev cai ua npoo nyob rau hauv naas ej tunes tau ntev muaj yuav luag txij thaum lub advent ntawm cov suab paj nruag. Kant - qhov no yog cov ntawv nyeem version, fwm nyob rau hauv ntawv sau collections. Feem ntau ntawm lawv mus yuam kev los ntawm ib tug sau mus rau lwm lub, thiab chants ntawm ntau npoo nyob rau hauv ob peb txoj kev sib txawv.

Raws li sung chants?

Feem ntau cov feem ntau lawv yog tsis nyuaj tsis muaj cov suab paj nruas accompaniment (lub accompaniment). Hais tias yog ua a'capella. Txawm li cas los, tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawm ib cov khoom. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, lub ntses bass thaj tsam (los yog rau tag nrho cov invoice) duplicated rau txawv seev.

Ib txhia qhia piv txwv ntawm hloov siab lees txim thiab chants ua rau lub nruab nrog cev. Panegyric - cua seev. Pastoral los yog kev hlub nrog ua si rau cov guitar, harpsichord, lute, los yog piano.

Cawv ntawm lus dab neeg

Comic npoo yog ib tug piv txwv ntawm tus ntawm lus dab neeg nyob rau hauv no kev ib hom ntawv nyeem. Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm nroog pej xeem zaj nkauj yuav nyob rau hauv cov ntawv sau collections ntawm lub 60-70s ntawm lub XVIII caug xyoo. Cov kuaj pom tau hais tias yuav qhov ntxov tshaj plaws hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kho ntawm lub teb chaws song creativity. Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm sau collections nyob rau hauv lub 70-80s luam sau los ntawm zaj nkauj raug tsim. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov kev sis raug zoo ntawm nroog pej xeem nkauj thiab Kant muaj ib tug tseem ceeb transformation nyob rau hauv cov yam. Lub song yog kom meej meej tshwm stylistic nta: lub suab paj nruag qauv, kev ntxhib los mos. Lub richness ntawm atherosclerosis thiab nrhiav, ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev kawm tau ib tug ntug. Qhov tseem ceeb thiab cov nyhuv ntawm lus dab neeg, raws li peb tau pom, yog undeniable.

Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj hu nkauj

Nrog lub tswvyim ntawm orthodoxy yog zoo txuas utmost perfection. Qhov kev pab no yog pom tau hais tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab meej tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb. Suab raws li lub suab lub cev ntawm tus tib neeg tus ntsuj plig, xaiv rau Vajtswv lub yeeb koob. Orthodox hu nkauj - ib tug sau ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj-liturgical songs. Lawv cov phau ntawv yog enlightened hymnographers, lawv kuj raspet. Suab paj nruag nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Nws qhia lub teb chaws ua cim, lub psychology ntawm haiv neeg, nyob tej yam kev mob thiab lwm yam. Hais txog ib txhiab xyoo dhau los, peb pog koob yawg koob coj dawb huv Orthodoxy ntawm lub Eastern Byzantine lub Koom Txoos. Nws phau ntawv yog txhais los ntawm lub npe nrov St. Kirill kuv Mefody. Ib tug suab paj nruag nws thiaj li txhais nws tus kheej Orthodox Rus. Qhov no txhais ntawd kub ntev li ob peb centuries, vim nws twb ua tau ib tug tshiab melodic lus. Nws yog reflected Lavxias teb sab Orthodox hu nkauj. Ua tau, Orthodoxy nws tus kheej thaum lub sij hawm uas lub sij hawm loj hlob, loj hlob, thiab thaum kawg tsim.

Yog li, lub suab qw suab paj nruag yog ib yam uas muaj ntau hom, thiab nws cov distinguished los ntawm tej yam ntxwv. Lub suab qw polyphony muaj nyob rau hauv cov Nrab Hnub nyoog thiab lub Renaissance tau txais flowering. Basic hom kev kawm thiab aesthetic hauv paus ntsiab lus yog tsim masters ntawm lub Dutch tsev kawm ntawv thiab lawv cov followers.

Cov tsab xov xwm mas suav hais tias lub ntsiab lo lus nug thaum pib - "uas txhais tau tias ib tug ntug?" nws cov hauv paus, cov yam ntxwv thiab hom tau lawm tias. Nws yog noteworthy tias cov heyday ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub XVIII xyoo pua, uas yog xam yuav cov muaj hnub nyoog ntawm yog vim li cas thiab enlightenment.