Pawg foundation: kev ncua deb ntawm pawg (nyiaj pab ntau tshaj thiab yam tsawg kawg nkaus)

Cov cuab yeej ntawm kev siv ntawm lub hauv paus rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov pawg qauv yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm feem txhim khu kev qha thiab cov tswv yim. Nws yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi rau tus universal, vim hais tias cov yooj ntawm lub cev thiab ib tug ntau yam ntawm le caag kev siv tsim tau raws li cov uas yuav tsum tau ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov vaj tse. Cov no tsev, muaj vaj tse, kev sib txuas lus chaw thiab lwm cov chaw. Txawm li cas los, mus cuag cov kev ntseeg ntawm cov pawg qauv yog tsim nyog los precisely txhais tau lub ciaj ciam ntawm lub tab. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov kws txawj nco ntsoov qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub hauv paus pawg, uas tej zaum yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tsev thiab kev tsim kho tej yam kev mob.

Yuav ua li cas puas cov pawg foundation?

Piling siv yuav sawv cev raws li ib tug txheej ntawm kev coj tus kheej hais thiab grillage. cov nyiaj them yug ntsiab yuav txawv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov qauv ntawm cov installation. Piv txwv li, niaj hnub no txoj kev xyaum ntawm kev siv uas tau tsav pawg thiab helical pawg. Yuav kom txiav txim ib tug deb ntawm lub piles nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus pawg, nws yog tsim nyog los noj mus rau hauv tus account lub qhov tob permissible, cov ntaub ntawv uas raug, thiab lwm yam tsis muaj khoom - thiaj li laij lub xov tooj ntawm cov ntsiab thiab lub suab nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Tsis pub tsawg ib qho tseem ceeb thiab muaj nuj nqi phuaj foundation, uas muab ib Rev ntawm freestanding yees. Nws muaj peev xwm muab los siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntaub ntawv thiab configurations, tab sis feem ntau, qhov no kev tivthaiv ntaus ntawv nyob nkaus rau lub technology yuav siv thiab ntxiv dag zog rau pawg.

General ntsiab cai rau kev tsim

Feem ntau, engineers yog ua los ntawm kev saib xyuas ntawm cov av zog thiab cov yuav tsum loj ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej vaj tse - ua ke, cov ntaub ntawv no ua rau nws tau pw qhov zoo tshaj plaws paus rau ib tug ntsia hlau-pawg. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub pawg li no yuav xam los ntawm lawv tus xov tooj. Yuav kom txiav txim yuav ua li cas npaum li cas cov nyiaj them yug ntsiab yuav tsum tau, koj yuav tsum paub cov theem ntawm load kabmob muaj peev xwm thiab zuag qhia tag nrho kev tsim. Nyob rau hauv kev, cov pawg mas txog 2 m, tus luj ntawm lub tsev qauv yuav ncav cuag kaum ntawm tons. Qhov no yog ua raws li los ntawm kev npaj qhov kev tso kawm ntawm pawg tshaj tag nrho cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, lub load yog sis tsis ncaj, thiab yog li ntawd qhov chaw ntawm lub pawg tsis yog ib txwm muaj tseeb los ntawm ib tug geometric taw tes ntawm view.

Kauj ruam ntawm lub ntsia hlau pawg

Cov kev xyaum ntawm lub tsev nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab tej yam kev mob tsim yam tsawg kawg nkaus deb thaum lub sij hawm tso ntawm lub hauv paus pawg-ntsia hlau: nws yog feem ntau 1.7 m nyob rau hauv lub hauv av. Wherein nyob rau hauv ib khub yuav tsum tau tawm ib yam (tsis tsawg tshaj li 0.5 m) ntawm tag nrho cov av txheej, i.e. ib cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv uas yog tsis ua earthworks. Qhov kev ntsuas no yuav tiv thaiv tau cov undesirable los ntawm thaj av bases rau pawg foundation.

Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub pawg nyob rau nqi siab tshaj plaws rau ib leeg-storey chaw yog:

• rau lub tsev ntawm cav los yog cav ntoo - 3 m;
• rau tus ncej thiab prefabricated vaj huam sib luag khoom - 3 m;
• rau vaj tse ntawm gypsum muab faib blocks, roj qhob cinder block thiab - 2.5 m;
• rau cib vaj tse - 2 m.

Raws li yuav pom, lub teeb ntoo lug yuav tsum tau tsawg tuab arrangement ntawm pawg, li cas los xij, yog hais tias koj npaj ib tug 2-storey tsev, cov kauj ruam yuav raug muab txo.

Kauj ruam ntawm precast pawg

Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov nyiaj them yug ntsiab precast yuav universal xam mis. Lub ntsiab parameter ntawm no yog cov pawg taub. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los mus qhia no hom ntawm tsim rau hauv ob pawg: dai thiab racks. Nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus deb yog qhov ntau ntawm txoj kab uas hla multiplied by peb. Maximum txoj kab uas hla pawg yuav txawj los ntawm rau.

Racks cov txheej txheem nrog ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus suab, uas nws muaj nuj nqis yog ib tug thiab ib tug ib nrab sij hawm ntau tshaj nws txoj kab uas hla. Nws yog noteworthy tias cov pawg foundation, uas yog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm pawg yog txo kom tsawg li tsawg, tsis txhob ib txwm yeej nyob rau hauv kev ntseeg. Lub fact tias cov hav txwv yeem (cov) kev uas tso cov kev txhawb thiab tsim lub undesirable nyhuv zuj zus lub sediment. Yog li ntawd nws yog pom zoo kom yeej ib txwm coj mus rau hauv tus account lub peev xwm los tshaj tawm hauv xov loads nyob rau hauv piles nyob rau hauv ib tug nkaus xwb configuration.

Hloov los ntawm lub "norm"

Txawm tias txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntau txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm uas cov qauv ntawm cov xam qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub pawg, txhua rooj plaub yuav ib tug lossis loj npaum li cas ntawm nuances. Yog li ntawd, engineers yuav pib ua raws li ib tug yooj yim txoj cai: kom paub tias cov nyiaj pab ntau tshaj txwv pub tus naj npawb ntawm pawg thiab nraaj faib rau lawv thoob plaws hauv lub cheeb tsam noj mus rau hauv tus account lub loads.

Nyob rau hauv peb tes num, uas yog npaj rau cov pawg foundation, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub pawg yuav raug txo los yog nce. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias tus lub tswv yim muab rau ib tug nrog cov kabmob phab ntsa nrog overlapping load rau ob sab, uas yog, lub ntsiab lus ntawm ib tug 30 tauj ib xees txo nyob rau hauv lub suab ntawm tus kabmob ntsiab.

Ua qhov kev ncua deb no kuj tsis yog ib tug blunder, Yog hais tias muab kev ceev faj. Nyob rau hauv xws li mob feem ntau yuav tsum tau ntxiv installation ntawm lub hauv paus kab teeb. Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau hais tias yuav nrhiav pov thawj ib qho kev nce rau hauv lub deb, vim hais tias xws li ib tug kho lus yuav tsis yog ua txhim khu kev qha pawg-rostverkovy foundation. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub pawg, uas tsub kom vim lub savings yog tsis tau ncajncees. Tsawg kawg yog rau lub yog vim li cas hais tias ntxiv strengthening yog kim kim dua li qhov "ntxiv", tab sis structurally tsim nyog naj npawb ntawm cov hauv paus pawg.

Configuration pawg kho

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau hauv lub deb nruab nrab ntawm cov pawg, nws muaj ib lub ntsiab lus thiab cov qauv ntawm cov lawv lub koom haum. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm ib tug kev configuration yog nyob ntawm cov acting loads. Muaj ob peb xaiv rau kev tso kawm ntawm kev txhawb pab rau hauv paus qhov chaw: ib lub zuj zus, nyob rau hauv series, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov sib txawv geometric duab thiab ib tug tas mus teb, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv paus pawg. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub piles nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub yog coj los ntawm cov kev cai ntawm xam, tab sis yuav raug tom.

Cov feem ntau yog piling ib daim hlab (kab configuration), thiab cov khoom pawg thiab "tsuag" txhais tau tias tuab arrangement ntawm lub nqa. Khoom installation ntsiab nyob rau hauv ib tug kab yog siv los pab txhawb cov phab ntsa hauv cov tsev - qhov no yog ib txwm txoj kev mus rau lub qab daus ntaus ntawv rau pej xeem vaj tse. Dot rau designs uas hnyav loads, nws yog pom zoo kom pawg txoj kev "fab". nruam teb ntaus ntawv no yog tsim los txhawb cov feem ntau loj heev ntawm cov vaj tse cov lug. Piles nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no ua kis tusyees thiab ua ke nrog ib tug muaj zog monolithic grillage ib.