Reactive systems ntawm salvo hluav taws Russia

Txij li thaum lub hnub uas nto moo Katyusha hloov ib tug heev. Sib ntaus sib tua tactics, riam phom, lub teb chaws thaj tsam ... Tab sis ntau yam foob pob ua ntxaij launchers Russia rau hnub no yeej tsis tshua muaj ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub battlefield. Nrog lawv pab, koj yuav tau muab pov rau hauv lub zoo li ntawm enormous puas hwj chim rau kaum tawm kilometers, rhuav tseg thiab disabling fortified chaw, tus yeeb ncuab armored tsheb thiab manpower.

Peb lub teb chaws occupies ib tug uas txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm MLRS txoj kev loj hlob: lossi kev txhim kho txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov qub thiab tshiab kuaj ntawm riam phom. Niaj hnub no peb saib yog dab tsi systems ntawm salvo hluav taws Russia hnub no yog muaj nyob rau ntawm lub tub rog arsenal.

"Grad"

MRL 122mm. Tsim los rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab cov neeg ua, tej thaj chaw deb qhov chaw minefields, rhuav tseg fortified txaus ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Yuav nrog lub teeb thiab medium armored tsheb. Thaum tsim lub tshuab siv chassis "Ural-4320", uas muaj ntawm cov rau cov 122mm caliber projectiles. Thauj mos txwv mus rau lub "Tsev fuabtais" yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv tej lub tshuab uas muaj ib tug haum loj.

Tus nab npawb ntawm daim ntawv qhia rau tus neeg zoo li - 40 daim, cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv plaub kab ntawm kaum daim txhua. Hluav Taws yuav tsum tau ua ob qho tib si ib txhaj tshuaj thiab momentary pov, uas yuav siv sij hawm tsawg tshaj li ib feeb (20 vib nas this). Ntau ntau yam - txog li 20,5 kilometers. Cuam tshuam cheeb tsam ntawm plaub hectares. "Grad" yuav ntse ua nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau kub ntau: -50 mus +50 degrees Celsius.

hluav taws tswj yog tau los ntawm ob leeg lub cockpit thiab sab nraum nws, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog kawg no cov ntaub ntawv, lub xam siv cov sab nraud wired tej thaj chaw deb tswj (ntau - mus txog rau 50 meters). Txij li thaum lub designers tau muab ib tug zoo sib xws ua ke ntawm tus neeg zoo li ntawm tus ntawm cov, sib ntaus sib tua tshuab kuj me me shaken thaum lub sij hawm shooting. Yuav kom nqa cov installation rau hauv lub firing txoj hauj lwm yuav siv sij hawm tsis ntau tshaj li peb los yog plaub feeb. Lub chassis yuav fording tob txog li ib thiab ib nrab meters.

kev sib ntaus los daim ntawv thov

Qhov uas peb siv cov systems ntawm salvo hluav taws Russia? Firstly, kev cai raus dej ntawm hluav taws coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv rov qab Afghanistan. Yuav ua li cas yuav tsum nco ntsoov survivors rau hauv hluav taws Mujahideen (thiab cov neeg tau zoo heev ob peb): "Nyob ib ncig ntawm reigned ntuj raug txim, clods soared mus rau lub skies. Peb xav hais tias yog lub kawg ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. " Installation tau lug siv thaum lub sij hawm ob Chechen campaigns, thaum lub sij hawm "tsov rog peb eights" nyob rau hauv yuam Georgia mus kaj siab lug.

Txawm li cas los, cov thawj kev siv no, ces tseem tsis pub leejtwg paub cov nroj tsuag tau txais ua ntej cov txheej xwm piav. Nws tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm ib qho teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub Sino-Soviet ceg av qab teb, tom qab consigned mus rau Tuam Tshoj. Thaum lub thib ob yoj ntawm Suav pab tub rog kuj tseem tawg mus ua nws lub teb chaws thiab kom txais tau ib foothold muaj, qhov kev txiav txim yuav siv lub "Grad" tau muab. Thaum xub thawj tus Soviet Union nyob rau hauv kev kuv xav siv nuclear riam phom, tab sis muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lub thoob ntiaj teb lub zej lub zos. Txawm nws yog, tiam sis nws yog txaus tias qhov PLA: tsom salvo ntawm kaum ob ntawm "Grad" tsuas plowed no daim disputed territory.

Yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam raug tua Suav, yeej yuav tsis tau paub. Soviet commanders ntseeg hais tias cov chaw uas zoo heev ntawm cov ceg av qab teb dhau tsawg kawg yog peb txhiab tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, lub survivors twb tsis paub tseeb.

Tam sim no raws li txoj cai

Niaj hnub no nws yog xam hais tias lub "Grad" yog yam dawb huv, technically outdated. Muaj ntau ntawm cov cav tov, uas yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab rau peb cov tub rog yuav luag tag hnav tawm. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tam sim no muaj ib tug re-saturation ntawm lub pab tub rog thiab lawv cov MLRS "Tornado". Tab sis rau cov "oldies" tseem nyob deb yog tsis tau tiav. Lub fact tias cov Ministry ntawm kws muaj txuj ci tseem xav tawm mus nyob rau hauv cov tub rog yog zoo pov thawj, pheej yig thiab npaum lub tsheb.

Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, ib tug tshwj xeeb project ntawm Modernization thiab coj mus rau lub neej tshiab nimno siab thiab efficiency. Nyob rau hauv kev, cov laus qauv thaum kawg tsim ib txwm satellite navigation system, raws li zoo raws li lub "Baguette" computer, uas tswj cov txheej txheem ntawm launching projectiles. Lub tseeb ntawm cov tub rog, ib tug kuj ingenuous update txoj kev mus "Grad" cov kev pab, raws li lawv cov tub rog muaj peev xwm ua tau zus mus rau ob peb lub sij hawm.

Cov txheej txheem no yog siv los ntawm tag nrho ob tog rau qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub Ukrainian ib ncig. Nyaum Africans uas tau txais ntau yam foob pob ua ntxaij launcher tshuab los ntawm cov Soviet Union, kuj hlub no ua tsov rog. Nyob rau hauv luv luv, lub thaj faib chav tsev muaj cov loj loj. Qhov no yog dab tsi yus lub system ntawm pov hluav taws "Grad". "Smerch" yog hais tias peb yuav piav qhia txog nram qab no, muaj ntau lub sij hawm ntau haib thiab muaj ib tug txaus ntshai tug quab yuam.

"Smerch"

Muaj tseeb tiag, terrifying riam phom. Los ntawm kev sib piv, lub "Grad" yog tiag tiag uas zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv efficiency nrog tib ntuj tshwm sim. Tus kws txiav txim: Americans ntseeg tau hais tias "twister" - installation ntawm pov hluav taws, uas yuav feature ib tug ntau compact complex tuaj nrog nuclear riam phom.

Thiab lawv yog cov zoo kiag li. Qhov chaw no nyob rau hauv cia li ib salvo "npog" ib tug unrealistic 629 hectares nyob rau firing ntau yam ntawm mus txog rau 70 kis lus mev. Thiab hais tias yog tsis yog txhua txhua. Niaj hnub no, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshiab hom ntawm cuaj luaj uas yuav ya yog ib tug twb tau puas kilometers. Nyob rau hauv lub square, uas npog lub tshuab ntawm salvo hluav taws Russia, hlawv txhua yam, xws li hnyav armor. Zoo li yav dhau los MRL "twister" yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv lub widest ntau yam ntawm kub.

Tsim los rau cov loj-scale ua ntawm cov yeeb ncuab txaus ua ntej lub offensive, rhuav tseg tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj zog bunkers thiab pillboxes, rhuav tseg loj ntau ntawm cov yeeb ncuab rog thiab cov yeeb ncuab tsheb.

Chassis qhia tso projectiles

Lub chassis yog tsim raws li nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov-struts tsheb MAZ-543. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub "Tsev fuabtais", qhov chaw yog nyob deb ntau txaus ntshai rau tus yeeb ncuab los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub roj teeb muaj xws li hluav taws kub tswj system "Vivarium", uas tso cai rau ua tau lub siab tshaj plaws efficiency, uas yog ntau ntse chim artillery systems.

Cov reactive ntau foob pob ua ntxaij launchers muaj 12 tubular ntsia rau tus neeg zoo li. Txhua yam ntawm lawv nyhav 80 kilograms, thiab 280 ntawm lawv yog cov nyob rau hauv them nyiaj ntawm ib tug haib heev. riam phom tshwj xeeb ntseeg tias qhov no piv yog zoo tagnrho rau unguided missiles, raws li nws tso cai rau kom muab nyob rau hauv ib tug munition haib boosters thiab loj loj puas peev xwm.

Thiab ib tug ntau feature ntawm "Smerch" projectiles. Designers tau ntev ua hauj lwm rau nws, tab sis ua kom paub tseeb tias lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov xwm txheej rau hauv av yog 90 degrees. Xws li ib tug "meteorite" yog ib qho yooj yim mus xaws los ntawm tag nrho cov MBT probabilistic yeeb ncuab, thiab pob zeb ua lug yog tsis zoo li mus succumb mus rau xws lub hwj chim. Tam sim no, zus tau tej cov tshiab "Smerch" yog tsis npaj (feem ntau yuav), txij thaum ntawm txoj haujlwm lawv yuav tsum tau hloov los ntawm tus tshiab "Tornado".

Txawm li cas los, muaj ib co ntau yam uas cov laus systems yuav tseem yuav raug Modernization. Nws yog tej yam uas lawv cov mos txwv yog ua tau rau muaj xws li tshiab hom ntawm cuaj luaj nrog active kev taw qhia, yog li ntawd lub kev sib ntaus los peevxwm ntawm qhov system thiab hnub no yog tseem nyob deb ntawm raug sab sab.

Yuav ua li cas lwm tus peb muaj foob pob ua ntxaij launchers, foob pob ua ntxaij launchers?

"Nag xob nag cua"

Cov nyob rau hauv lub 70s ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo. Combat hauj lwm zoo occupies ib nrab txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub "Tsev fuabtais" thiab "twister." Yog li, lub siab tshaj plaws ntau yog 35 kis lus mev. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub "Nag xob nag cua" - ntau foob pob ua ntxaij launchers, tus tsim ntawm ntau ntawm tej ntsiab cai uas tau raug nteg, uas yog tseem coj los ntawm tus developers ntawm tej riam phom nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws. Nws tsim nws nto moo designer Kalachnikov Yuri Nikolaevich.

Los ntawm txoj kev hais lus, lub "Nag xob nag cua" - installation ntawm pov hluav taws, uas yog ib zaug hauv lub Soviet Union nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau tauj mus rau Yemen, uas yog tam sim no pib rau intensive kev sib ntaus los ua hauj lwm. Muaj tseeb peb yuav sai sai no nrhiav tau tawm li cas zoo muaj pov thawj rau hauv lub qub Soviet cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv sib ntaus sib tua. Lavxias teb sab tub rog nrog rau "Grad" siv raws li "Nag xob nag cua" thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog nyob rau hauv Afghanistan.

Tsis tas li ntawd, installation tau lug siv nyob rau hauv Chechnya, thiab tom qab ntawd - thiab nyob rau hauv Georgia. Muaj pov thawj hais tias siv lub "Nag xob nag cua" ib zaug twb tag pov tseg los ntawm lub advancing sab ntawm Georgian tso tsheb hlau luam (raws li lwm qhov chaw, nws yog tus "Grad").

lub complex

Nyob rau chassis struts Zil 135LM mounted tshuab 16, tubular ntawm cov (Ameslikas npaj hais tias lawv yuav yuav 20). Ukrainians nyob rau hauv lawv lub sij hawm tau txais mus rau lawv kho tshuab los tso lawv nyob rau lawv chassis KrAZ Kremenchug. Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov neeg coob compartment ntawm cov nroj tsuag muaj cov nram qab no Cheebtsam:

• Ncaj qha tshuab 9P140.

• Thauj thiab loading 9T452 zoo li.

• Teeb ntawm cov mos txwv.

• hluav taws tswj tshuab-raws li installation 1V126 "skit-B."

• Nyiaj rau kev kawm ntawv thiab kev kawm ntawm xam.

• 1T12-2M chaw nres tsheb topographic daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas.

• DF complex meteorology thiab 1B44.

• Ib tug ua tiav set ntawm cov khoom thiab cov cuab yeej 9F381 yog tsim los rau kev kho thiab txij nkawm ntawm cov tshuab los ntawm lub complex.

Yuav ua li cas lwm tus yog yus muaj los ntawm ntau yam foob pob ua ntxaij launchers Russia "Nag xob nag cua"? Artillery feem yog tsim nyob rau hauv kev sib hloov puag equilibration mechanism, thiab yuav los nruab nrog hydraulic thiab electromechanical actuators. Loj heev pob ntawm cov muaj peev xwm yuav ntxias nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm 5 mus rau 55 degrees.

Cov kab rov tav leveling yuav tsum tau nyob rau ntawm ib kaum sab xis ntawm 30 degrees rau sab xis thiab sab laug ntawm lub hauv paus axis ntawm nqe ntaus rog tsheb. Yog li ntawd hais tias thaum ib tug loj heev salvo sawv yuav raug zavalivanija hnyav chassis, tom qab ib feem ntawm ob tug haib lugs muab. Lub complex yog tseem txawm peem rau nrog pom thaum tsaus ntuj kiag li lawm thiab yog li ntawd yuav tsum ua nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti.

Tam sim no, lub Lavxias teb sab Armed Forces tau khaws cia txog ib puas ntawm cov cav tov. Tej zaum yuav tau upgrade lawv kawm yuav sau tsis tau rau tawm sai li sai tau raws li koj khiav tawm sib ntaus sib tua kev pab. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias lub tshiab MRL tau muab tso rau hauv kev pab cuam, uas muaj xws li tag nrho cov zoo ntawm cov laus ua qauv.

"Tornado"

Qhov no yog - ib tug tshiab system ntawm salvo hluav taws Russia. Tsim nws pib vim lub fact tias cov laus "Tsev fuabtais", uas tau nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab rau ntau tshaj plaub caug xyoo, urgently xav tau ib tug hloov. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm khaus kev ua hauj lwm thiab muaj lub tsheb no.

Tsis zoo li lawv cov predecessors, ntau yam foob pob ua ntxaij launchers Russia "Tornado" far superior nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm kev taw qhia thiab precision shooting, raws li lawv muaj peev xwm siv topographic cov ntaub ntawv kis los ntawm satellites. Tab sis tsis tau tsuas yog no cov cim tshiab khiv tsim MRL.

Qhov tseeb yog hais tias ua ntej lub Soviet kev lag luam rau txhua ua hauj lwm los tsim ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib installation: nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, cia li hais tias muaj yog ib tug meteorological "zoo" nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm "Grad", "Tornado" thiab "Nag xob nag cua." Tab sis cov niaj hnub system ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntau yam foob pob ua ntxaij launchers ( "Tornado") yuav tsum tau tso tawm nyob rau hauv peb lub versions, siv lub zoo li ntawm tag nrho cov peb cov cav tov piav saum toj no. Nws yog assumed tias cov designers tau sai sai hloov lub artillery tsev, yog li ntawd ib zaug xwb chassis yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawv Tuition Waiver.

tshiab zoo li

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tag nrho cov yav tas los systems yog ib tug loj qhov khuam txuam nrog uncontrollability ntawm cov mos txwv. Cias muab, qhov tseeb thaum kawg ntawm twb muab cuaj luaj ua tsis tau. Tag nrho cov no yog heev haum rau lub wars ntawm yav dhau los xyoo lawm, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no ib puag ncig yog twb tsis tsim nyog. Yuav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem no, rau qhov "Tornado" tau tsim tshiab hom projectiles nrog active kho qhov muag thiab laser coj. Henceforth MLRS muab rau hauv ib tug kiag li tshiab, tsis tshua muaj txaus ntshai ua tsov rog.

Yog li, cov niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab foob pob ua ntxaij tshuab ntawm pov hluav taws yuav tam sim no muab piv rau cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm cov feem ntau zoo meej nrws ntawm cov pa artillery, ntaus lub hom phiaj rau kaum tawm kis lus mev. Tsis zoo li ntau tshaj nyob rau hauv no hwm "Tornado" firing ntau y "Tornado" yog twb mus txog rau 100 km (thaum uas siv cov coj zoo li).

Lub rooj sib tham tshiab thiab qub

Raws li peb sau thaum pib ntawm no tsab xov xwm, ntawm no tam sim no lub sij hawm tseem ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev txhim kho ntawm cov laus "Grad", uas yog tseem muaj ib tug ntau nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab. Ces tus designers mus xyuas lub tswv yim: "Yuav ua li cas yog tias koj siv ib tug yooj yim, tech iav los ntawm" Tsev fuabtais "qhov chaw mus rau ib tug tshiab kev sib ntaus los tsev ntawm lub" Tornado "tsim nyog caliber"? Xav tau sai sai siv.

Yog li yug lub tshiab tshuab ua "Tornado-G". nws twb officially txais mus rau hauv qhov kev pab nyob rau hauv 2013, tab sis, ces pib muab cov tub rog. On "tank biathlon - 2014" tus tshiab MRL rau zaub rau txhua leej txhua tus.

Tsis zoo li ob tug predecessors ntawm cov txheej txheem no, tus tsim ntawm tus tswj system yog muab rau "skit-BM", uas yog ob peb lub sij hawm tsub kom lub kev sib ntaus los muaj peev xwm ntawm lub complex. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib tug ho yooj yim zog cov txheej txheem ntawm aiming thiab firing sib ntaus sib tua: Tam sim no cov neeg coob ua tsis tau mus sab nraum, raws li tag nrho cov tsim nyog topographic cov ntaub ntawv yog tso tawm kom pom nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm nyob rau saib ntsia hauv lub alarm. Los yeej muaj koj yuav xaiv tau ib lo lus uas thiab pib tsim zoo li.

Tej Modernization yog tsis tsuas mus rau modernize lub qub chaw, tab sis kuj zoo heev ruaj cov neeg coob. Tam sim no, lub cav yuav sai sai tsim ib tug pov los ntawm lub kaw txoj hauj lwm thiab cia nws them tus nqi ntawm tsis muaj ntau tshaj li ib nrab feeb. Qhov no dramatically txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev nrhiav kom tau thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm txoj yeeb ncuab ua pauj. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, los ntawm kev siv ntawm cov tshiab zoo li nrog detachable warhead nws yog tam sim no ua tau rau ho nthuav lub ntau yam ntawm cov tau sib ntaus los units.

Hais tias yog dab tsi muaj mus rau hnub tim rau ntau lub community launch foob pob ua ntxaij system nyob rau hauv Russia. Cov duab no nyob rau hauv lawv cov tsab xov xwm no, yog li ntawd koj yuav ua tau rau koj tus kheej ib tug approximate lub tswv yim ntawm lawv lub hwj chim.