Reserve "Big Kokshaga" - lub ntiaj teb no ntawm roob moj sab qhua

Lossis loj ntsuab thiab nyob ntsiag to rau thaj tsam ntawm lub zeem cia muaj thiab qhia tawm rau tag nrho nyob ntiaj teb no, tiv thaiv rau lawv warmth thiab tos txais.

Ntiaj teb tseg xwm - cia "Big Kokshaga"

Sab saum toj cheeb tsam "Big Kokshaga" zoo nkaus li zoo li ib qho kev txom ntsuab ntaub pua plag, stitched convolutions dej ntws (raws li ib tug dawb huv xiav xov), interspersed nrog sparkling pas dej. Ntawm no yog lub tuab loj loj hav zoov interspersed nrog swamps thiab meadows.

Crown curly ntoo thuv ntoo yog hloov los ntawm tsaus ntsuab ntoo thuv thiab maj slender birches. Muaj no ntug thiab lwm yam ib tug zoo nkauj lub npe - Forestry Zavolzhe.

Keeb kwm ntawm creation, thaj nta

Nyob rau hauv 1993, nyob p. Volga dej (sab laug tributary) yog tsim los ntawm lub xeev xwm zeem cia "Big Kokshaga" teb chaws cheeb tsam ntawm 21,4 hectares Nws yog nyob 40 kilometers sab hnub poob ntawm lub capital ntawm Mari El (Yoshkar-Ola) nyob rau hauv Kilemarsky thiab Medvedev chaw. Ua ntej ntawd, Mari El Mari yog cia. Txawm li cas los, nws yog kiag li hlawv nyob rau hauv 1972 nyob rau hauv kub, qhuav summers.
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim ib cov kev tiv thaiv cheeb tsam - kev tiv thaiv ntawm forests nyob rau ntawm yav qab teb taiga thiab deciduous hav zoov.

Lub chaw uas zoo heev sawv cev nras (dej thiab glaciolacustrine). Qhov siab tshaj plaws taw tes ntawm av - 132,2 m saum toj no hiav txwv theem.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho muaj cov dej loj loj Kokshaga yog hais txog 20 dej ntws thiab ntws.
Cov kev txuag cheeb tsam no yog nyob 3 pas dej - Kosheer, Kapsino thiab Shusher. Cov yav tas - cov coob. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, nws yog ib lub voj qe daim iav thiab nws kav ntev npaum 1250 m, dav ntawm 600 meters. Lub pas dej yog heev sib sib zog nqus (15 m), Karst keeb kwm. Sau tus dej dej thaum lub sij hawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav dej nyab.

Lub climatic tej yam kev mob ntawm mob pesnrab continental, nrog haum kub summers thiab tsis kub tsis txias winters nrog muaj zog frosts.

Feem ntau cov Kokshaga dej, hav zoov

Feem ntau cov Kokshaga - qhov loj tshaj plaws dej ntawm lub teb chaws, uas yog ib tug laug tributary ntawm tus dej. Volga. Nws crosses hauv ib ncig ntawm lub zeem cia nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau central ib feem ntawm nws.

Tus dej, uas tau txais lub npe thiab cov xwm zeem cia, yog nws cov ntsiab dej leeg.
Nyob rau ib tug spectacular kab tho xim tom qab dej rau nws cov shores ntawm lub nce lub majestic Oaks - zoo nkauj thiab muaj nuj nqis ntawm lub zeem cia.

Cim floodplain ntoo qhib forests yog ib tug sustainable zej zog. Ntawm no muaj cov laus, koj yuav tau qhia rau lub ancient Oaks, thiab tus hluas tua.

Reserve "Big Kokshaga" muaj mas forests, occupying nws lossis loj cheeb tsam - 95% ntawm cov chaw uas zoo heev. Lub predominant ntoo thuv forests, uas loj hlob lawm nyob rau hauv txawv tej yam kev mob. Qhov thib ob loj tshaj plaws kev yog birch. Lawv ib zaug nyob rau hauv lub teb txiav los yog burnt nyob rau hauv cov hluav taws kub ntawm forests, uas yog, lawv yog theem nrab.

Qhov no zoo taiga cov chaw muab spruce, occupying 7.5% ntawm lub zeem cia thiab muaj ib tug txiav txim impurity ntoo hardwood (Aspen, birch, linden).

Lawv mas nyob nyob rau hauv lub hav ntawm tus dej ntws nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb yog ib feem ntawm lub zeem cia.

Qhov ntau haiv muaj thiab fauna

Reserve "Big Kokshaga" muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov forests, meadows thiab marshes ntau tshaj 700 hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag, cov sawv cev txog ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov muaj nyob rau hauv lub koom pheej ntawm Mari El.

Cov khab seeb ntau lowland hav iav them nrog birch thiab Alder. Nyob rau me me qhov chaw ntawm lub floodplain meadows muaj nyob rau.

Ntoo thuv hav zoov ciaj nrog mosses thiab Lichens. Muaj tseem pom txog 200 txawv tsiaj ntawm cov algae, Lichens txog 250 hom. Lub rarest - Tsetrariya Laurer, Lobar pulmonary thiab usnea blooming.

Tab sis muaj ntau ntau yam heev fungi nyob ib ncig ntawm lub zeem cia, thiab nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws pom lawv ntau tsawg hom: Osinovik dawb, Hericium staghorn thiab lwm tus neeg.

Feem ntau tom hav zoov cia fauna yog sawv cev los ntawm cov hauv qab no functions: heev heev elk, luav, cov nqaijrog, boars. Lawv nyob ntawm no thiab Carnivores: marten, polecat, ermine, tej zaum xim av dais thiab tus hma.

Noog yog hais grouse, grouse, gray cranes, herons, plas, niam txiv dav thiab ntau lwm tus neeg. . Etc. Lawv nyob ntawm no thiab cov noog ntawm lub Red Book: Peregrine ua liaj, dub stork, osprey, nab dav dawb hau.

Heev nplua nuj nyob rau hauv zoo kawg nkaus lub txiaj ntsim ntawm cov xwm zeem cia. "Feem ntau cov Kokshaga" tiv thaiv thiab preserves cov vaj tse ntawm cov feem ntau hom endangered ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Nws epipogium leafless, Dactylorhiza Baltic thiab ntau tshaj 11 hom ntawm orchids ntawm sab qaum teb amazingly zoo nkauj. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws saib nyob rau hauv lub koom pheej - ib tug zoo nkauj poj niam lub txhais khau khiab. Txij li thaum lub germination ntawm cov noob ntawm no amazing nroj ua ntej flowering yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw mus txog 17 xyoo!

Tsis tshua muaj ancient cov nroj tsuag

Cloudberry hlob squat nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub zeem cia. Qhov no nroj tsuag hlob los ntawm cov dej khov hnub nyoog. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nws yog ib tug nyiam txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm tus poj Lavxias teb sab paj huam Alexander Pushkin.

Lwm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov hiob nroj tsuag Chilim yog floating (los yog dej chestnut), uas nyob rau hauv ib tug sov so Shusher pas dej.

"Feem ntau cov Kokshaga" - ib tug xwm zeem cia. Nws fwm ancient nrws ntawm cov nroj tsuag.

Qhov tseem tsawg hom cia (ntxhov) - poplar (los yog Populus nigra), nyob rau hauv cov floodplain ntawm tus dej loj loj Kokshaga. Muaj ntau ntau lwm yam nroj tsuag tsiaj uas muaj npe nyob rau hauv lub Red Book: sceptridium multifidum, bramble, Lycopodium-Baranez, Sundew dlinnolistaya (cog-predator) thiab Dianthus Superbus.

Lub zeem cia yog zoo vim hais tias cov qhov nyob rau hauv qhov chaw muaj los ntawm nws tus kheej cov kev cai, tsis muaj kev pab tib neeg. Ntxiv mus, qhov no tus nqi tsub kom nrog lub hnub nyoog.

Tsaug reserves tom qab ib tug tej lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm, thaum lub qub hav zoov yuav raug txiav down tshuam, nws yuav tsum tau los sib piv thiab tsom xam yuav ua li cas cov neeg thiab kev vam meej los remarkably pristine xwm, thiab yog dab tsi nws yuav tau tsis muaj cawv rau nws.