Slavonic niam ntawv. Laus Slavonic tsiaj ntawv - tus nqi ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv. Slavonic cov tsiaj ntawv

Laus lub Koom Txoos Slavonic tsiaj ntawv - ib tug sau ntawm daim ntawv cim nyob rau hauv ib tug txog kev txiav txim, hnov cov suab. Qhov no system yog txaus los tsim nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub chaw uas zoo heev ntawm qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub ancient Lavxias teb sab neeg.

Luv luv Keeb kwm Tom qab

Qhov kawg ntawm 862-xyoo tub huabtais Rostislav tig mus rau Michael (lub Byzantine huab tais) xa nyob rau hauv nws nqi zog (Great Moravia,) rau lub hom phiaj ntawm xibhwb rau kis Christianity nyob rau hauv lub Slavic lus. Lub fact tias nws yuav tau nyeem thaum nyob rau hauv Latin, uas yog txawv thiab to taub tsis tau rau cov neeg. Michael xa ob tug Greeks - Constantine (Cyril lub npe nws yuav tau txais tom qab nyob rau hauv lub 869 thaum ua monasticism) thiab Methodius (tij laug). Qhov no xaiv tsis yuam. Cov kwv tij twb Ameslikas los ntawm Solun (Thessaloniki nyob rau hauv Greek), lub commander ntawm lub tsev neeg. Ob leeg tau txais ib tug zoo kev kawm ntawv. Constantine tau kawm ntawm lub tshav puam ntawm lub Emperor Michael III, ib tug zoo hais kom ua ntawm yam lus, xws li Arabic, Hebrew, Greek, Slavic. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws qhia philosophy, rau li cas nws lub npe hu - Constantine lub Philosopher. Methodius yog tus thawj nyob rau hauv cov tub rog, thiab ces khiav rau ob peb xyoo ib qho chaw nyob rau hauv uas lub Slavs nyob. Tom qab, cov laus tus kwv tij tau mus rau lub monastery. Nws tsis yog lawv thawj mus txawv tebchaws - mus 860-m, tus kwv tij ua ib tug phiaj los nqis tes nrog ib tug diplomatic lub hom phiaj thiab lub hom phiaj rau lub Khazars.

Nws tsim ib tug system ntawm sau tej yam tshwm sim?

Yuav kom tshaj tawm txoj xov nyob rau hauv lub Slavic lus, nws yog tsim nyog los txhais Vajluskub. Tab sis lub system ntawm daim ntawv qhia nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm tsis muaj. Constantine muab hais txog cov creation ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv. Methodius nquag pab nws. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv lub 863 th xyoo ntawm thaum ntxov Cyrillic tsiaj ntawv (tus nqi ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm nws yuav tsum muab hauv qab no) yog tsim. sau tej yam tshwm sim system existed nyob rau hauv ob hom: cov Glagolitic thiab Cyrillic. Yuav kom qhov no hnub, zaum tsis pom zoo li uas ntawm cov kev xaiv twb tau tsim los ntawm Cyril. Nrog rau kev koom tes ntawm Methodius tau txhais ib co ntawm cov Greek liturgical phau ntawv. Yog li ntawd Slavs muaj lub sij hawm los nyeem thiab sau ntawv nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej cov lus. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov neeg tau txais tsis yog ib tug system ntawm sau tej yam tshwm sim. Slavonic cov tsiaj ntawv los ua lub hauv paus rau cov zajlus cov ntsiab lus. Ib txhia ntawm cov lus thiab tam sim no muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv Ukrainian, Lavxias teb sab, Bulgarian lub suab hais lus.

Tus thawj cov cim - tus thawj lo lus

Tus thawj cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm lub qub tsev teev ntuj Slavonic tsiaj ntawv - "az" thiab "Buki" - tso cia, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub npe. Lawv sib haum mus rau lub "A" thiab "B" thiab pib ib tug system ntawm tej yam tshwm sim. Raws li zoo nws ntsia thaum ntxov Cyrillic tsiaj ntawv? Dluab muaj thawj graffiti scrawled nyob rau ntawm cov phab ntsa. Cov thawj cov cim qhia nyob rau hauv hais txog lub 9 xyoo pua, nyob rau ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm lub koom txoos ntawm Pereslavl. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 11th Slavonic ntawv, cov neeg txhais lus ntawm ib co ntawm cov cim thiab lawv txhais tau nyob rau hauv Kiev, St. Sophia Cathedral. Ib tug tshiab puag ncig ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev sau ntawv tau pab rau ib tug kev tshwm sim uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1574, lub xyoo. Ces muaj ib lub thawj sau "Laus Slavonic niam ntawv." Nws creator yog Ivan Fedorov.

Kev sib txuas lus rau lub sij hawm thiab cov txheej xwm

Yog hais tias koj saib tom qab, koj yuav tsis muaj kev txaus siab los nco ntsoov tias lub Slavonic cov tsiaj ntawv tsis yog tsuas ib qho kom txheej sau cov cim. Qhov no system tias qhib tshiab cov neeg, ua rau txoj kev uas zoo tag nrho ntawm txiv neej nyob rau lub ntiaj teb, thiab mus rau qhov tshiab txoj kev ntseeg. Soj ntsuam saib cov chronology ntawm cov txheej xwm, cov txawv nruab nrab ntawm lawv xwb 125 xyoo, hais ib tug ncaj qha kev twb kev txuas nrog cov creation ntawm lub tsev lag luam ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv sau cim. Yuav luag ib puas xyoo neeg tau yuav tshem tau kabmob lub qub archaic kab lis kev cai thiab txais yuav ib tug tshiab txoj kev ntseeg. Feem ntau cov historians muaj tsis muaj tsis ntseeg tias cov emergence ntawm ib tug tshiab kev sau ntawv system yog ncaj qha mus txog rau lub me nyuam los tu thiab tom ntej kis ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv. Slavonic ntawv, raws li twb hais saum toj no, yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub 863-m thiab 988-m Vladimir officially tshaj tawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov tshiab txoj kev ntseeg thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov txheej thaum ub cult.

system ntawm tej yam tshwm sim qhov tsis

Muaj ntau kws tshawb fawb kev kawm lub keeb kwm ntawm kev sau ntawv, tuaj mus rau lub xaus hais tias cov tsiaj ntawv Slavonic tsiaj ntawv yog ib yam ntawm cov pub leejtwg paub sau ntawv. Nws yog tsis tsuas ib tug sib sib zog nqus kev cai dab qhuas, tab sis kuj yog ib tug philosophical kev txiav txim zoo. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, Slavonic ntawv roos ib tug complex zajlus kom-zauv system. Muab piv rau cov uas nrhiav tau, cov kev soj ntsuam xaus hais tias cov thawj lub rooj sib tham ntawm daim ntawv sau cim tau tsim raws li ib yam ntawm cov holistic invention, thiab tsis yog raws li ib tug qauv, uas muaj feem, los ntawm qhov sib ntxiv ntawm tshiab cov ntaub ntawv. Nthuav qhia, uas muaj Slavonic niam ntawv. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog cov cim, tus xov tooj. Nyob rau hauv lub Cyrillic tsiaj ntawv yog lub Greek uncial sau ntawv system. Cov laus lub tsev teev ntuj Slavonic tsiaj ntawv yog 43 tsiaj ntawv. 24 cim tau borrowed los ntawm Greek uncial, 19, - twb tshiab. Lub fact tias cov Greek lus tsis paub suab, uas nyob rau lub sij hawm uas lub Slavs. Raws li, qhov tsab ntawv ntawm lub cim tsis tau tib yam. Yog li ntawd, ib feem ntawm tus tshiab cim, 19, twb tau borrowed los ntawm lwm sau ntawv, thiab ib co - yog tsim Constantine.

"Siab" thiab "qis" ib feem ntawm lub

Yog hais tias koj saib nyob rau tag nrho cov no sau ntawv system, nws yuav ua tau ob qhov chaw kom meej meej txaus faib, radically txawv los ntawm txhua lwm yam. Conventionally, ib tug thawj qhov hu ua lub "siab dua" thiab lub thib ob, ntsig txog, "qis". Nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg 1 nws muaj xws li cov tsiaj ntawv A-F ( "ds" - "Pert"). Lawv yog cov ib daim ntawv teev lus, cov cim. Lawv lub ntsiab lus yog tseeb rau tej Slav. "Txo" ib feem ntawm qhov pib, "sha" thiab xaus nrog "izhitsa". Cov cim tsis muaj ib tug numeric tus nqi thiab nqa ib tug tsis zoo connotation nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej. Yuav kom to taub cryptography, nws tsis yog txaus cia li mus pom nws luv luv. Nws yog tsim nyog los muab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov cim - nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb txhua yam ntawm lawv ua lag luam Constantine semantic tub ntxhais. Yuav ua li cas yog lub cim ntawm cov cim ntawm uas yog thaum ntxov Cyrillic tsiaj ntawv?

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv

"Az", "beech", "lead" - peb cov tsiaj ntawv tau sau nyob rau thaum pib ntawm ib tug system ntawm tej yam tshwm sim. Tus thawj tsab ntawv yog "Az". Kuv noj nws nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhov chaw "Kuv". Tab sis lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub cim yog lus xws li "pib", "pib", "pib". Ib txhia sau yuav pom "Az" yog hais txog mus rau lub xov tooj "ib", "Az Mus rau Vladimir." Tog twg los qhov no yog txhais raws li ib tug cim ntawm "pib los ntawm kos" (thaum xub thawj). Tsab ntawv no, yog li ntawd, lub Slavs xws philosophical ntsiab lus ntawm nws cov hav zoov, taw tawm hais tias muaj yog tsis muaj kawg tsis muaj ib tug pib, yog tsis muaj teeb tsis muaj qhov tsaus ntuj, tsis muaj kev phem tsis zoo. Lub ntsiab kom pom tseeb twb muab tso rau hauv tus qauv ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ntawm duality. Tab sis kuj cov Slavonic cov tsiaj ntawv, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, yog ua nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev, thiab yog muab faib ua 2 qhov chaw, raws li tau hais saum toj no, "ntau dua" (positive), thiab "qis" (tsis zoo). "Az" corresponded mus rau lub xov tooj "1", uas, nyob rau hauv lem, uas muaj tuaj hauv thaum pib ntawm txhua yam uas zoo nkauj heev. Kawm numerology cov neeg, cov kev soj ntsuam hais tias tag nrho cov neeg twb muab faib mus rau hauv txawm thiab khib. Wherein thawj txuam nrog ib yam dab tsi tsis zoo, thiab lub thib ob piv ib yam dab tsi zoo, kaj, zoo.

"Buki"

Tsab ntawv no ua raws li lub "Az". "Buki" muaj ib tug hais txog zauv tus nqi. Cuaj kaum, tus philosophical ntsiab lus ntawm lub cim yog tsis muaj tsawg no:. "Buki" - yog "ua tau", "yuav". Raws li ib tug txoj cai, nws twb siv nyob rau hauv ceev nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej tense. Piv txwv li, "Bodie" - yog "cia nws yuav", "yav tom ntej" - "yavtom ntej", "yav tom ntej". Cov lus ntawm lub ancient Slavs qhia lub inevitability ntawm yav tom ntej cov txheej xwm. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lawv yuav tau ob leeg txaus ntshai thiab tu siab heev, thiab rosy thiab zoo. Nws tsis yog lub npe hu raws nraim yog vim li cas lub thib ob tsab ntawv Konstantin cov qhov tseem ceeb yog tsis tau muab. Muaj ntau soj ntsuam ntawm ntseeg tias qhov no tej zaum yuav yog vim muaj cov ambiguity ntawm tsab ntawv nws tus kheej.

"Ua"

Qhov no cim yog ntawm kev txaus siab. "Coj" sau raws nkaus Ii xam 2. Cov pub cim, raws li "master", "paub", "paub". Muab xws li ib tug lub ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub "lead", Konstantin tacit paub - raws li ib tug los saum ntuj los zoo tshaj plaws khoom plig. Thiab yog hais tias koj ntxiv txog cov thawj peb cim, ces tuaj cov kab lus "kuv mam li paub." Qhov no Constantine xav qhia tias tus neeg uas yuav qhib lub qhov ntawv, ces tau txais kev txawj ntse. Nws yuav tsum tau hais txog lub semantic load "lead." Daim duab '2' - ob tug, ib tug ob peb tau muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv ntau yam tej yam yees siv tej kab ke, thiab feem ntau hais tias tus duality ntawm tag nrho cov hauv ntiajteb no thiab saum ntuj ceeb tsheej. "Ob" meant lub Slavs union saum ntuj ceeb tsheej thiab lub ntiaj teb. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, qhov no daim duab ua ib lub cim rau lub duality ntawm tus txiv neej nws tus kheej - muaj cov zoo thiab phem nyob rau hauv nws. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, lub "2" - yog ib qhov confrontation ntawm ob tog. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias "deuce" mas suav hais tias yog dab ntxwg nyoog lub xov tooj - nws twb tau ntaus nqi mus rau ntau yam tsis zoo zog. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias nws muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov zauv negative, nqa txoj kev tuag ntawm ib tug neeg. Nyob rau hauv qhov ntsiab lus teb, cov me nyuam yug ntawm cov menyuam ntxaib, piv txwv li, twb yog ib tug phem npog, cov cab kuj ntawm tus kab mob thiab kev nyuaj siab ploj nyob ib ncig ntawm lub tsev neeg. Nws suav hais tias hmoov phem rau pob zeb ntawm cov menyuam txaj rau ob tug, wiped ib tug phuam rau ob tug neeg, thiab nyob rau hauv kev ua ib yam dab tsi ua ke. Txawm li cas los, txawm nrog tag nrho cov tsis zoo zoo ntawm lub "ob" cov neeg paub txog nws tej yam yees siv zog. Thiab nyob rau hauv ntau tej kab ke kawm los ntawm cov menyuam ntxaib los yog siv tib yam kev kawm rau lub ntiab tawm ntawm cov ntsujplig phem.

Cim zoo li ib tug pub leejtwg cov lus rau xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv

Tag nrho Slavonic ntawv - loj. Thawj ob versions ntawm sau cim - sab sauv thiab lowercase - tau pib los ntawm Peter lub Great nyob rau hauv 1710, lub xyoo. Yog hais tias koj saib mus rau hauv lub qub Slavonic tsiaj ntawv - tus nqi ntawm daim ntawv-lus nyob rau hauv particular - nws yog tau to taub hais tias Constantine yog tsis yog ib tug sau ntawv, thiab sim qhia ib tug tshwj xeeb lub ntsiab lus rau xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj muab tej yam cim, koj yuav tau txais cov lus didactic cim:

"Coj qhov qhia txog kev" - hais tias cov lus qhuab qhia;

"Nrees Ouk" - yuav ntxiv zog rau txoj kev cai;

"Rtsy lo lus Khoom" - utters lo lus ntawm qhov tseeb, thiab lwm yam

Kev txiav txim thiab style ntawm lub cim

Soj ntsuam kev koom tes nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv, xav tias qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tus thawj, tus "siab tshaj plaws" ib feem los ntawm ob xaav. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, txhua tus ua cim ntxiv mus rau lub tom ntej mus rau hauv ib tug muaj nuj nqis kab lus. Qhov no yuav suav hais tias ib tug uas tsis yog-random qauv uas tej zaum twb yees ua rau ib qho yooj yim thiab ceev cim ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, daim ntawv sau system ntawm tej yam tshwm sim yuav suav hais tias los ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm numerology. Tom qab tag nrho cov tsiaj ntawv thiab ua zauv sib haum uas tau teem nyob rau hauv ascending thiaj. Yog li, "Az" - A - 1, - 2, ces r - 3, ces D - 4 thiab ntxiv mus rau kaum. Kaum pib los ntawm "K". Yog twb zoo xws li cov kev txiav txim rau lwm 10, 20, ces 30, etc. 100. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov tsiaj ntawv tau sau Slavonic nrog cov qauv, lawv yog yooj yim thiab yooj yim. Tag nrho cov cim yog zoo kawg nkaus suited rau cursive sau ntawv. Raws li txoj cai, cov neeg tsis muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov duab tsiaj ntawv.

Cov kev loj hlob ntawm sau cim System

Yog hais tias peb los sib piv cov qub tsev teev ntuj thiab cov niaj hnub ntawv, koj yuav pom tias 16 tsiaj ntawv poob. Cyrillic thiab niaj hnub no raws li lub suab muaj pes tsawg leeg Lavxias teb sab lus. Qhov no yog feem ntau vim tsis yog li ntawd ntse divergence ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov Slavic thiab Lavxias teb sab lus. Nws yog nthuav tias nyob rau hauv qhov kev npaj ntawm Cyrillic tsiaj ntawv Constantine tau ua tib zoo suav hais tias yog phoneme (suab) yog ib feem ntawm kev hais lus. Cov laus lub tsev teev ntuj Slavonic tsiaj ntawv twb tau mus kawm los ntawm xya Greek sau cim, muas thaum chiv thawj ruaj rau cov kis ntawm cov suab ntawm cov laus Slavonic cov lus: "omega", "soj", "psi", "Officer", "izhitsa". Tsis tas li ntawd tam sim no ob cim suab phem "thiab", thiab "z" nyob rau hauv lub system: lub thib ob - "heev" thiab "ntiaj teb", rau cov thawj - "thiab" thiab "ilk". Qhov no los yog dog dig superfluous. Cov menyuamuas ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj ntawv no yog los xyuas kom meej tias qhov tseeb hais ntawm Greek hais lus suab nyob rau hauv lus borrowed los ntawm nws. Tab sis lub suab hais nyob rau hauv lub qub Lavxias teb sab txoj kev. Yog li ntawd, qhov yuav tsum tau siv cov ntaub ntawv sau cim nws thiaj li zoo. Nws tseem ceeb heev yog qhov kev hloov nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov thiab tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv "qauv" ( "b") thiab "Efexau" (s). Lawv tau Ameslikas siv los xa mus rau ib tug attenuated (txo) lag ntseg cim: "b" - kwv rau "on", "s" - kwv rau "e". Thaum lub sij hawm, lub zog voiceless ntawv niam pib ploj (qhov no yog hu ua "ntog lag ntseg"), thiab cov cim no yeej tau txais lwm yam kev pab raws qib.

xaus

Muaj ntau xav pom nyob rau hauv lub digital cim sau nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus Triads, sab ntsuj plig tshuav nyiaj li cas, uas nce mus txog tus txiv neej nyob rau hauv nws hu rau qhov tseeb, lub teeb, lub siab zoo. Kawm cov tsiaj ntawv nrog nws heev tsim, ntau soj ntsuam ntawm xaus uas Constantine sab laug mus rau xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ib tug zoo zoo nkauj tshooj creation, hu rau tus kheej-kev txhim kho, kev txawj ntse thiab kev hlub, kev qhia ntawv, tsis txhob tsaus ke sib ntxub, kev khib, kev ntshaw, kev phem.