Social cov cuab tam: daim ntawv teev, kev faib tawm, yam ntxwv, lub hom phiaj

Chaw, lug, vaj tse, uas ib ntus los yog mus tas li yog cov neeg nyob rau hauv tseem ceeb xov tooj - yog khoom ntawm kev tus kheej. Lawv yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawv thiab hom raws li tus qauv ntawm kev siv. kev chaw nyob rau hauv peb cov kev kub ntxhov lub sij hawm los xyuas kom meej qhov muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov neeg nyob muaj, xws li los ntawm cov neeg ua phem hem thawj. Nws yog tsim nyog los noj mus rau hauv tus account lub particular contingent - lub hnub nyoog, lub cev mob thiab cov zoo li, zoo li raws li nws cov kom muaj nuj nqis. Categorized (txwv kom muab zais) yog khoom ntawm kev kheej, precisely vim hais tias txhua chav kawm ntawv thiab hom tshuaj, uas yog, txhua qeb yuav tsum tau cov creation ntawm ib tug tsim nyog theem ntawm kev tiv thaiv, thiab qhov no yog txiav txim los ntawm tus yam ntxwv thiab ntim ntawm kev ruaj ntseg, koom haum, kev khiav hauj lwm thiab lwm yam kev ntsuas rau siab tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm qhov ntshai heev txawm, xws li kev ua phem.

qeb

Cov kev rau kev sib faib no yog cov nram qab no tsis, sib cais los ntawm ib tug tswv yim taw tes ntawm view ntawm expediency:

1. Kev yam ntxwv.

2. npaj tej yam uas cov commission rau tus kwv ntawm ib tug neeg ua phem ua.

3. Lub degree ntawm kev ruaj ntseg cov neeg uas muaj kev sib raug zoo chaw.

4. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub concentration ntawm kev cai dab qhuas, kev cai, keeb kwm, artistic, khoom, muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw, thiab npaj impacts los ntawm criminal encroachments rau cov qhov tseem ceeb.

5. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm thiab cov pej xeem (qhua) uas yog rau ntawm qhov chaw nyob rau tib lub sij hawm.

Tab sis yeej nyob rau hauv lub cais ntawm haumxeeb feature: Qhov no qhov chaw kho mob los yog cov me nyuam ua yeeb yam, ib lub tsev laus los yog ib tug chaw ntau pob. Tus thawj qeb - cov khoom yog ib ntus, xws li lub moos, los sis tas mus li tib neeg habitation. Suam ntawm cov khoom ntawm kev sib raug kheej pib nrog muaj tsaug zog chav hais txog ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov neeg nyob muaj: nce cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab chaw zov me nyuam, cov tsev kho mob, lub tsev rau cov neeg laus thiab neeg xiam oob qhab (tsis tiaj hom), pre-school. Ntxiv muaj nce tsev, motels, mus pw hav zoov qhov chaw, nyiaj so koobtsheej tsev thiab sanatoriums, hostels thiab cov chaw ntiav pw. Ntawm no, ib yam nkaus thiab, yog qho tseem ceeb heev tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom ntawm kev sib raug kheej. Nws kuj muaj xws li thiab lub tsev - tsev. Qhov thib ob pawg lus ntawm no faib yog cov kev cai thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv, thiab kev lom zem, qhov yooj yim premise uas characterizes lub loj nyob ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib nyob rau hauv tej yam lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm. Qhov no yuav ua tau ib tug xinesmas, ib tug hais kwv txhiaj nrog, qws, circus, cov me nyuam ua yeeb yam thiab ib tug tsis tu ncua, chaw ntau pob thiab lwm yam kev ua si cov vaj tse, qhov twg muaj ib tug los laij tus naj npawb ntawm tsaws rooj. Qhov no hauv chav kawm ntawv nrog rau ob kaw-end sab hauv tsev thiab sab nraum zoov stands. Piv txwv li, ib tug nees-sib xeem khiav complex, uas muaj nyob rau haiv neeg, thiab yog li ntawd yog nruab nrog cov rooj zaum rau neeg saib. Tag nrho cov tsev ceev teej tug, seev cev halls, miv thiab zoo sib xws tsev kuj nyob rau hauv cov hoob kawm no.

kev pab cuam pejxeem

Institutions qhov twg qhua ntau tshaj tus neeg ua haujlwm pab lawv, mus rau lub thib peb hom. Cov no yog cov khoom ntawm kev sib raug kheej, daim ntawv teev cov uas tsis yog li ntawd ntev. Nws tsev kho mob thiab polyclinics, sports kev ua si cov vaj tse. Qhov no muaj xws li lawv tsev neeg thaj chaw txoj kev npaj, kev ua si thiab kev kawm cov chaw (tsis sawv). Los ntawm tshooj plaub ntawm no faib muaj xws li tus tsim thiab kev tshawb fawb cov koom haum, cov tsev kawm ntawv, kev tswj hauv tsev. Cov chaw kho mob yog tsuas yog siv tej lub sij hawm thaum lub sij hawm hnub, thiab muaj yog ib qhov contingent, uas twb accustomed mus rau cov tej yam kev mob. Feem ntau lawv yog cov neeg ntawm ib tug tej yam uas muaj hnub nyoog thiab lub cev mob. Piv txwv li, tsev kawm ntawv thiab tom qab tsev kawm ntawv, theem nrab tshwj xeeb, kawm ua hauj tsev kawm ntawv, universities, tsev rau txoj kev kawm. Lawv kuj muaj xws li lub koom haum ntawm kev npaj thiab kev tsim qauv, Publishing, xov xwm, kev tshawb fawb, chaw ua hauj lwm, chaw ua hauj lwm, cov tsev txhab nyiaj, chaw ua num.

Txwv tsis pub txwv kom muab zais los ntawm cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub tib lub khoom ntawm kev tus kheej. Lus Txhais ntawm lub hoob qhia no yog raws li nram no. Muaj tej yam khoom uas yog raug rau lub xeev kev tiv thaiv, rau lwm leej lwm tus - ib tug yuav tsum tiv thaiv PSB (division ntawm private kev ruaj ntseg), thiab lwm leej lwm tus muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm Orr (private kev ruaj ntseg lub tuam txhab), plaub khwb tag nrho - los ntawm lub sab hauv Ministry rau lub ntsoov, obo thiab zoo sib xws koom haum, thiab lub thib tsib ntawm kev tiv thaiv yog tsis tsis muaj. Xws li ib tug faib ua rau forecast tau txim yog hais tias nws yog ua phem los ntawm ib tug neeg ua phem nres, thiab lub ntsiab kev - lub xov tooj ntawm cov neeg raug thiab cov ntaub ntawv kev puas tsuaj ntau thiab tsawg pab, raws li zoo raws li kev puas tsuaj tsam. Txhua yam uas hais txog tej yam khoom ntawm kev sib raug kheej, nws yog dej num raws li ob no: kev haumxeeb thiab hom kev tiv thaiv.

kev ua hauj lwm

Tseem ceeb heev functions ntawm tag nrho cov pab pawg thiab strata ntawm cov pejxeem nyob feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov mob uas txiav txim rau cov theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub neej, lub xeev ntawm kev kho mob, kev sib raug zoo txoj cai thiab nws txheem, raws li zoo raws li lub tseem siv nws. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev infrastructure nyob rau tag nrho cov saum toj no, raws li kev sib raug zoo cov kev pab cuam yog tsim nyog rau tag nrho cov neeg uas tsis muaj kev zam, tsis hais hnub nyoog, noj qab haus huv, txoj hauj lwm, thiab li ntawm.

Pejxeem lawm cob rau lub hauv paus qauv ntawm txhua ntau yam. Ib tug xav tau ib tug ua yeeb yam, thiab lwm yam Equestrian kev ua si complex. Tseem lwm tus tau tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug yooj yim teeb meem no, tau hais tias tsis muaj ib tug tej yam kev chaw yuav daws tsis tau qhov teeb meem. Tej contingent xav tau kev pab, kev txhawb nqa thiab kev tiv thaiv. Yog vim li cas muaj peev xwm pab tau raws li hloov tus cwj pwm, teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg, noj qab haus huv, yog me nyuam ntsuag, cov tsis muaj tsev nyob thiab cov zoo li. Cov neeg no lawv tus kheej ua tus kwv - tab sis cov kev ua hauj lwm ntawm tej tsev: tsev hais plaub, tsev kho mob, lub chaw ua num thiab lwm cov koom haum.

tseeb

Los ntawm tib neeg kev ua si chaw yuav muab txhais lwm tseem ceeb pab pawg neeg uas yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm ntawm tej yam kev chaw. Saum toj no tag nrho, qhov no muaj infrastructure, ib puag ncig, ib puag ncig thiab thiaj li nyob. kev sib hais haum daim ntawv dhau lawm yog tsis tshua muaj neeg tseem ceeb, txij thaum lub concentration ntawm cov neeg yog tsis tshua muaj sis tsis ncaj: nyob rau hauv lub nroog, piv txwv li, txawm lub xeev Circus muaj, thiab nyob rau hauv lub zos thiab ib tug xinesmas dim.

Muaj kuj intermediate ntaub ntawv ntawm kev sib hais haum, uas yog tseem kev tsuas xyaus ntawm domestic khoom thiab kev cai cov chaw laug npaum li cas yuav tsum tau kawm. Muaj coob tus neeg thiab nyob deb nroog cov tsev qiv ntawv yog tsis muaj vim hais tias tag nrho cov teb chaws lawv kaw tsis muaj tsawg heev tshaj cov tsev kho mob, cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab kindergartens. Thauj thiab landscaping uas yog nyob rau hauv lub zos cov thawj tswj tuam tsev ntawm kev sib raug cov vaj tse, yuav luag txhua qhov chaw yog nyob rau hauv stagnation. Tab sis tsim txhais tau tias kev sib txuas lus, txhua txhia qhov chaw muaj Internet, thiab yog li ntawd nyob deb nroog cov tsev qiv ntawv yog tsis txaus thov.

infrastructure

Social chaw tshwm sim tawm lub social infrastructure nyob rau hauv cov pej xeem ntawm qhauj thiab lag luam uas muab ib lub neej zoo thiab livelihoods ntawm cov pejxeem. Cov no muaj xws vaj tse nyob thiab kev tsim kho, vaj tse nyob thiab communal cov kev pab cuam, kev cai vaj tse, cov koom haum thiab qhauj ntawm kev pab kho mob, cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab pre-lub tsev kawm ntawv txoj kev kawm ntawv. Yuav tsis ua li cas tsis koom haum thiab cov lag luam uas muaj feem rau leisure thiab chaw ua si. Qhov no muaj xws li: catering, khw muag khoom, cov kev pab, cov neeg nrog caij thauj, sports kev ua si cov vaj tse, kev sib txuas lus nyob rau hauv pej xeem cov kev pab, raws li txoj cai thiab cai sau cim hom chaw ua hauj lwm, cov tsev txhab nyiaj thiab khaws nyiaj ... Lub daim ntawv teev cov khoom ntawm kev kheej muaj nuj nqis lawm.

Tus txheej txheem ntawm infrastructure txoj kev loj hlob tau ceev nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov teb chaws uas muaj nyiaj txiag kev ua tau zoo txij thaum lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub thib nees nkaum caug xyoo. Cov hauj kiv puag ncig tau cog noob tsis tau tsuas yog ib tug ntse nce nyob rau hauv kev txawj ntse thiab zoo tshaj ntawm cov hauj lwm, tab sis kuj yuav txhawb kev noj qab nyob. Hloov tag nrho ua hauj lwm rau siab xav, uas yog lub impetus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntau cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub social kheej. Ib tug qualitatively tshiab technologically advanced cov ntaub ntawv uas puag nyob rau hauv lub infrastructure kev lag luam xa muaj kev kawm siab ntawm nws txoj kev ua. Tag nrho cov ceg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas ntau lawm muaj undergone kev-kev kiv puag ncig uas twb ho txo cov ua hauj lwm cov neeg muaj, thiab raws li ib tug tshwm sim muaj ib lub sij hawm rau ho reallocate ua hauj lwm raug rau cov kev pab, yog li ib tug ntau yam ntawm infrastructure tau teeb meem loj, thiab lawv muaj pes tsawg muaj ntau zog ntau zaus lawm. Txhim kho qhov zoo thiab tus txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv nws cov ntsiab loj.

Economics infrastructure

Classification ntawm nyiaj txiag kev chaw muaj ob qhov chaw - muaj thiab tsis yog, uas yog kev sib raug zoo, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, muab faib mus rau hauv sectors thiab sub-sectors muaj feem xyuam rau lub ntau lawm txheej txheem. Yog li ntawd muab lub tej yam kev mob ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab ua hauj lwm lub neej, lawv lub neej yog enriched lub neej kev pab, kev cai, lus thiab kev sib txuas lus. Yog li tag nrho cov kev sib raug zoo infrastructure yuav tau muab faib mus rau hauv kev sib raug zoo thiab economic, los xyuas kom meej tag nrho txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tib neeg tus - nws yog ib tug kab lis kev cai, kev kho mob, kev kawm ntawv, thiab tsev neeg, uas tsim cov kev tsim nyog tej yam kev mob rau lub neej ntawm cov neeg - nws yog vaj tse, hlauv taws xob, khw muag khoom thiab hais txog .

Statistical kev tshawb fawb uas yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv-lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, raws li tau zoo raws li thoob ntiaj teb cov koom haum, nyob rau hauv lub kwv yees nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw muab tso rau theem ntawm kev sib raug zoo infrastructures. Piv txwv li, ntsuas xws li tus xov tooj ntawm lub tsev kho mob txaj, tus naj npawb ntawm cov kws kho mob, cov xib fwb nyob rau hauv thawj thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv. Tej khoom yog yus tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm cov theem ntawm kev sib raug zoo infrastructure, tab sis kuj kiag li uas twb muaj lawm tiag. Nrog kev pab los ntawm tej kev tshawb fawb yuav tsum xaiv ib tug ruaj khov teeb ntawm tag nrho tiag tiag hais, uas muab lub tej yam kev mob rau npaum thiab zoo tib neeg kev ua si nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov yam ntawm tus kheej thiab kev lub neej. Qhov no mus kom ze rau kev faib ntawm kev sib raug kheej yog dog dig ntau, tab sis piv nrog rau lwm cov yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg tus nqi nyob rau hauv cov tswv yim daim ntawv sau npe.

Taw tes thiab kab

Social infrastructure yog muab faib ua "dot" thiab "linear", qhov twg rau tom kawg yuav tsum to taub raws li ib tug network ntawm txoj kev thiab railways, lub hwj chim thiab kev sib txuas lus, thiab cov zoo li. Nov ntawm taw tes infrastructure yog khoom lawv tus kheej, xws li theaters, cov tsev qiv ntawv, cov tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kho mob thiab txhua tsav txhua yam. Thov no hom ntawm kev faib yog tau nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua theem ntawm lub koom haum ntawm lub social kheej. Qhuav lub koom haum muaj ib co ntsiab ntawm linear infrastructure, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev nws yog ib tug taw tes, thiab yog hais tias peb coj mus rau hauv tus account lub theem ntawm nyiaj txiag cheeb tsam, lub division yuav tau yuav luag sib npaug zos, thiab - sis raug zoo.

Nyob rau hauv no txoj kev, lub kev faib kom meej meej tseg hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub koom haum ntawm infrastructure, tsis txog nws cov ntsiab lus nam. Los ntawm kev kawm qhov teeb meem ntawm lub regional kev khwv nyiaj txiag, feem ntau siv lub tswvyim ntawm koog tsev kawm ntawv thoob plaws infrastructure ntsiab ntawm interregional tseem ceeb ntawm infrastructure thiab cov zoo li. Yog hais tias nyob rau lub forefront nws yog tsis tsim nyog ib qho tseeb hais tias yog yeej ib txwm xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo infrastructure, xws li ib tug faib tsis yog tsuas yog ib txoj cai nyob ua ib ke yog, tab sis kuj pab tau heev rau cov saib xyuas ntawm loj cheeb tsam.

daim ntawv teev

Qhov tseeb hais tias cov khoom ntawm kev infrastructure muaj ib tug txheej ntawm cov miv tsev kawm ntawv, kab lis kev cai thiab kev kho mob, catering thiab cov lag luam tawm, pej xeem thauj, cov dej thiab kev ntxuav tu, nyiaj txiag, ncej thiab hlua taws xob chaw ua hauj lwm, kev tsim kho ntawm kev ua si thiab kev nyab xeeb (qhov no muaj xws li tsis tau tsuas yog kev ua si palaces, stadiums thiab ua luam dej pas dej, tab sis kuj nyiaj so koobtsheej tsev, thiab chaw ua si nrog kev lom zem thiab kev ua si cov kev pab cuam), - nyob rau hauv luv luv, ib qho zoo kawg tooj kiag li txawv kev kawm ntawv Nij, uas txawv nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev khiav dej num, lub hom phiaj thiab cov hom phiaj, - hais txog cov impossibility ntawm cov kos duab txog tag nrho cov duab.

Caij-taw qhia kom paub infrastructure yam ntxwv zoo ib yam li cov pa enumerated ib tug series qhov twg txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv, lub tsev kawm ntawv, lub koom haum suab muaj tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog txhua lwm yam, thiab lwm yam kev ua ub no ntawm cov pej xeem coj mus rau hauv tus account sufficiently tsis muaj zog. Nws yog yooj yim dua thiab ntau yam ntxiv justified cais khoom ntawm kev kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv ntau ntau ntawm lub koom haum ntawm cov haiv neeg nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas. Txij li thaum xws li ib tug universal txoj kev rau labeling ntawm offline, division yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw raws li lawv paub tab tshuaj ntsuam.

tsom xam ntawm

Feem ntau cov feem ntau, lawv pib nrog tus tsom xam ntawm lub infrastructure ntawm zej zog raws li ib tug tag nrho. Management coj lug siv thiab muab qhia, thiab lub xam tsis tau hais tias tuab lub theem ntawm lub xeev muab thiab tiam sis nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txhua lub caij ntawm infrastructure. Tus heev kev loj hlob ntawm indicators muab ib lub sij hawm mus tshawb cov kev sib raug zoo thiab kev sis raug zoo muaj nuj nqis dab ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov haiv neeg thiab cov uas twb muaj lawm cov ntaub ntawv uas puag.

Nyob rau theem ntawm ib tug loj economic cheeb tsam kev infrastructure nais maum kuaj nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm nws cov haum kaw kev khwv nyiaj txiag system, yog li nws yog tau los sib piv ntsuas ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txawv economic units, uas muab ib lub hauv paus rau lub wealth ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog achievements, ua los yog lagging ntawm ib tug kwv los ntawm lwm yam, thiab tsim kev daws teeb meem qhov saws me nyuam ntawm zoo ntsuas. Twb nyob rau theem no nws yog tsim nyog los ua kom paub tej yam hloov rau qhov zoo tshaj yuav ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, kev noj mus rau hauv tus account climatic, lub teb chaws thiab lwm nta lub cheeb tsam.

administrative division

Social infrastructure thiab txwv kom muab zais rau hauv relation mus tus thawj tswj division - lub republics, ib cheeb tsam, cheeb tsam, ib cheeb tsam, lub zos, txij li thaum nws tseem yog ib tug tsim nyog lub caij ntawm concretization ntawm lub dav teeb meem. Thaum twg ntawm cov theem yuav tau uas ploj lawm ib co ntawm cov kev sib raug zoo infrastructure ntawm cov tawg tsam. Yog hais tias cov kev sib raug lub koom haum tsis yog high, ib tug txheej ntawm cov khoom ntawm kev sib raug kheej yuav, ntawm chav kawm, tsis pub. Lub ntsiab kauj yog ntau, kom meej meej txhais li cas txaus siab cov neeg xav tau kev pab nyob rau hauv nws lub neej txhua hnub. Muaj yog ib tug tsim nyog set ntawm infrastructure hais, muaj ib tug tej yam daim ntawv teev cov khoom ntawm kev kheej, uas yog tsis hloov los ntawm dab tsi. Tsis muaj, txawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntxiv chav tsev yuav hloov tsis tau uas ploj lawm lub tsev kho mob, thiab txawm hais tias qhov chaw muaj ib lub club nyob rau hauv txhua txhua lub zos, thiab nyob rau hauv ib txhia qhov chaw thiab gorgeous palaces ntawm kab lis kev cai, nws tsis laij lub kaw kindergartens.

Cov xav tau kev pab ntawm ib tug txawv kev txiav txim - kev kawm ntawv, tej yam kev ua si, artistic creativity, thiab cov zoo li yuav tsum tau ntsib nyob rau hauv tag nrho. Cov ntsiab ntawm infrastructure yuav tsum muab faib raws li tus naj npawb ntawm ib ncig ntawm lub neeg nyob pejxeem. State ua yeeb yam, piv txwv li, yuav tsis qhib nyob rau hauv lub zos uas muaj tsawg tshaj li ob puas thiab tsib caug txhiab inhabitants, tab sis deprived cov neeg xav tias yuav tsum tsis txhob - nco ntsoov mus ua hauj lwm rau lawv: yog npaj mus ncig ua si, tours los yog lub nyob ze ua yeeb yam, thiab nco ntsoov los tsim muaj tswv yim pib xyaum ua lub koom haum.