State cim ntawm Russia: keeb kwm thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm

Nyob rau hauv Russia, raws li nyob rau hauv lwm yam lub teb chaws, nws muaj peb official cim: tus chij, emblem thiab anthem. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv raug tsim raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ntau yam keeb kwm somersaults. Evolution ntawm Lavxias teb sab xeev cim muaj teeb meem thiab sij hawm uas tseem. Feem ntau, tshiab kev daws radically txwv mus rau ib tug laus. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub kev loj hlob ntawm teb chaws heraldry yuav muab faib ua peb theem: cov princely (muaj koob muaj npe), Soviet thiab niaj hnub.

chij ntawm Russia

Niaj hnub nimno Lavxias teb sab xeev cim pib nrog ib tug chij. Lub dawb-xiav-liab tus chij yog paub mus rau txhua txhua cov neeg ntawm lub teb chaws. Nws tau pom zoo kuj nyuam qhuav: nyob rau hauv 1993. Tseem ceeb tshwm sim tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm cov me nyuam ntawm cov kevcai tswjfwm ntawm lub tshiab lub xeev. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej, ib tug kev ywj pheej Russia muaj ob tug chij. Cov kev xaiv thawj tau siv nyob rau hauv 1991-1993. Muaj ob lub ntsiab sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm ob versions ntawm lub me ntsis song. Flag ntawm 1991-1993. muaj ib tug ratio ntawm 2: 1 (ntev thiab dav) thiab yus raws li ib tug dawb-liab-azure, thiab nws cov successor tau txais ib qho ratio ntawm 2: 3 thiab txoj cai tseem piav raws li dawb, xiav thiab xim liab.

Niaj hnub no lub Lavxias teb sab xeev cov cim no yeej tsis tsim los ntawm kos. Piv txwv li, lub tri-xim tus chij ntawm cov pej xeem pib siv hauv cov rallies, rhuav lub USSR nyob rau hauv lub lig 1980s - thaum ntxov 1990s. Tab sis txawm lub approximate hnub tsis tau hu ua lub hauv paus ntawm lub rov tshwm sim ntawm ib tug tseem ceeb lub teb chaws cim.

Peter tus daim ntaub

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm tricolor twb tsa rov qab nyob rau hauv 1693. Ntaub fluttered rau lub nkoj ntawm Peter I. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub peb bands twb tau mus kawm los ntawm ob-taws dav dawb hau. Yog li ntawd rau cov thawj lub sij hawm tsis tau tsuas yog dawb, xiav thiab liab palette, tab sis kuj cov Lavxias teb sab xeev cim tau ntsib tau siv. Flag ntawm Peter kuv dim mus rau lub hnub tam sim no. Tam sim no nws yog muab cia rau hauv lub Central Naval tsev cia puav pheej. Qhov no qhov chaw yog tsis tau xaiv los ntawm lub caij nyoog. Nyob rau hauv nws cov tsiaj ntawv, autocrat hu ua chij coj lawv "hiav txwv." Tseeb, txij li thaum tricolor muaj pes tsawg leeg twb nruj nreem kev cob cog rua nrog lub fleet.

Cov tib Peter A. los ua tus creator ntawm Andrew tus chij. Saltire attributable siv rau ntsia saum ntoo Khaublig Andreya Pervozvannogo, yog ib lub cim ntawm lub fleet twb niaj hnub. Yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws intricately intertwined tub rog thiab lub xeev cov cim ntawm Russia. Raws li rau cov dawb-xiav-liab tus chij, tus imperial era nws tau nrhiav ib tug loj competitor.

Black-daj-dawb xim

Tus thawj cov lus qhia txog cov dub-daj-dawb chij mus rau lub era Anny Ioannovny (1730.). Surge ntawm kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo li tus chij tshwm sim tom qab ob ntiaj teb rog tiv thaiv Napoleon thaum nws pib laj mej pej xeem xo rau cov hnub caiv.

Nyob rau hauv Nicholas kuv, qhov no palette kuj nrov tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov tub rog, tab sis kuj civil. Thaum kawg, cov hauj lwm raws li txoj cai ntawm cov dub-daj-dawb chij yog nyob rau hauv 1858. Tsar Alexander II muab ib tug decree raws li uas qhov no vaj huam sib luag yog sib npaug zos rau Imperial Stamp cov plaub ntug, thiab txij thaum ntawd los, tau tuaj yuav tsum tau siv raws li lub teb chaws tus chij. Yog li ntawd lwm kos npe rau supplemented los ntawm Lavxias teb sab xeev cim.

imperial chij

Decree 1858 imperial chij pib yuav tsum tau siv qhov txhia chaw nyob rau hauv lub official demonstrations, koob tsheej, parades, nyob ze tsoom fwv tsev. Dub xim yog ib tug siv mus rau lub Stamp cov plaub ntug dub double-taws dav dawb hau. Daj muaj cov hauv paus hniav, yos mus rau lub Byzantine heraldry. Dawb yog cov xim Georgiya Pobedonostsa, nyob mus ib txhis thiab kev coj dawb huv.

Raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb lub rooj sib tham ntawm heraldic nyob rau hauv 1896 raws li ib tug Lavxias teb sab teb chaws thiab twb paub Peter qub chij. Lub coronation ntawm Nicholas II, cov muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug ob peb lub hlis, raws li mus rau dawb, xiav thiab xim liab xim. Txawm li cas los, lub daj thiab dub daim ntaub txuas ntxiv mus yuav nrov ntawm cov neeg (piv txwv li, cov dub Pua pua). Niaj hnub no, tus chij ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua feem txuam nrog rau Lavxias teb sab nationalists thiab cov Romanov era.

lub Soviet era

Tag nrho 3 lub xeev lub cim ntawm Russia dim lub Soviet era, thaum lub sij hawm uas cov laus lub tswv yim twb tag swept tam sim ntawd thiab tsis nco qab lawm. Tom qab 1917, ob qho tib si Lavxias teb sab chij nyob rau hauv lub tsib facto txiav npluav. Civil tsov rog tau muab lawv ib tug lub ntsiab lus tshiab: cov xim yog tam sim no txuam nrog dawb thiab yooj yim anti-Soviet zog.

Lavxias teb sab xeev cim uas siv los ntawm ntau tw ntawm lub Soviet Union, xav mus sab laj txog lub teb chaws yog leejtwg nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv ideology. Thaum lub sij hawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog cov dawb-xiav-liab tus chij twb ua Vlasov (raws li St. Andrew tus chij - ib co lwm yam collaborators). Ib txoj kev los sis lwm, tab sis thaum nws yog lub sij hawm mus rau lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union, lub Russians ib zaug dua nco ntsoov txog Peter lub banner. Momentous nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ua hnub ntawm lub yim hli ntuj coup. Nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj xyoo 1991 los lawm, cov tw ntawm lub coup massively siv cov dawb-xiav-liab xim. Tom qab lub yeej ntawm lub coup uas thaum lawv tseem tau txais nyob rau tsoom fwv teb chaws theem.

Nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1924-1991. Nws yog officially xam tau tias yog ib tug liab chij nrog lub rauj thiab sickle. RSFSR thaum uas tig mus tau nws tus kheej qhia kom paub lub cim. Nyob rau hauv 1918-1954 gg. nws yog ib tug liab chij nrog cov "RSFSR" inscription. Ces tsab ntawv zoo. Nyob rau hauv 1954-1991 gg. liab vaj huam sib luag siv nrog ib tug sickle, ib tug rauj, ib lub hnub qub thiab ib tug xiav stripe nyob rau sab laug ntug.

ob tug dav dawb hau

Yog tsis muaj lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab thiab cov tub rog keeb kwm ntawm lub xeev cov cim ntawm Russia yuav tsis tiav. Nws niaj hnub version pom zoo nyob rau hauv 1993. Lub hauv paus ntawm muaj pes tsawg leeg - ob-taws dav dawb hau. Cov ntaub thaiv npog xwm Georgiy Pobedonosets slaying nab (zaj). Ob tug lwm yuav tsum tau cwj pwm - orb thiab scepter. Cov hauj lwm emblem ntawm cov niaj hnub sau - Neeg 's Artist ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation Evgeniy Uhnalev. Nyob rau hauv nws duab nws sau ua ke rau hauv lub tswv yim uas yog embodied nyob rau hauv txawv eras ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws.

Cim ntawm lub xeev hwj chim nyob rau hauv Russia feem ntau nyias hais txawv nyias. Yog li, nyob rau hauv 1992-1993. official emblem yog ib cov duab ntawm ib tug rauj thiab sickle nyob rau hauv ib tug wreath ntawm pob ntseg. Nyob rau hauv luv luv no lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, nws twb tau muab siv raws li ib tug kos npe rau ntawm no, thiab yog ib tug uas twb siv rov qab nyob rau hauv lub RSFSR.

princely Sau

Tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab, raws li zoo raws li lwm lub xeev thiab cov tub rog cov cim ntawm Russia muaj sib sib zog nqus keeb kwm keeb kwm. Lawv tawm nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov hnub ntawm princely lub hwj chim. Kws txawj xa mus rau tus thawj emblem ntawm medieval dluab siv nyob rau hauv cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj. Moscow Princes rau qhov no kawg mus kev rau lub silhouettes ntawm lawv cov ntseeg intercessors.

Nyob rau hauv 1497 nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab heraldry nws tshwm sim taws dav dawb hau. Nws thawj nyob rau hauv lawv cov xovxwm ntaub ntawv cov neeg pej xeem tub huabtais Ivan III. Nws to taub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub xeev cov cim ntawm Russia. Lub teb chaws zaj keeb kwm tau zoo txuas nrog lub Orthodox Byzantine Empire. Nws yog tus Greek emperors, Ivan III thiab borrowed ib tug mythical noog. Nrog rau qhov no piav tes piav taw, nws nyuab siab tias Russia - successor mus rau lub nyuam qhuav sunk rau hauv oblivion Byzantium.

Lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab hauv lub Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws

Lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab hauv lub Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws yog tsis zoo li qub. Nws tau hloov ntau lub sij hawm thiab maj los ua ntau thiab ntau nyuaj. Romanovsky emblem embodies lub ntau yam uas paub qhov txawv cov laus Lavxias teb sab xeev cim. Lub keeb kwm ntawm "maturation" ntawm lub kos npe rau yog txuam nrog rau cov hwv nreg ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman. Los yog nqus ib tug dub muab ob npaug rau-taws dav dawb hau nrog lub sij hawm ntxiv me me shields, personifying txuas kingdoms ntawm Kazan, Astrakhan, Polish, etc ...

Lub complexity ntawm nyob tus yeees ntawm lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab coj mus rau lub tsev lag luam nyob rau hauv 1882 ntawm peb versions ntawm no lub teb chaws lub cim: Me me, nruab nrab thiab loj. Ces ib tug dav dawb hau, raws li zoo li niaj hnub, tau txais lub scepter thiab orb. Lwm yam tseem ceeb nta yog: Georgiy Pobedonosets, lub kaus mom hlau ntoo Alexander Nevsky duab archangels Gabriel thiab Michael. Daim duab crowned kos npe scarlet "Sh peb los!". Nyob rau hauv 1992, lub Constitutional Commission pom zoo cov cua ntsawj ntshab ntawm lub imperial dub dav dawb hau li lub Lavxias teb sab lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab. Lub tswv yim twb tsis pom vim lub ua tsis tau tejyam pov npav nyob rau hauv lub Supreme Soviet.

Rauj, sickle thiab cov hnub qub

Leej twg los rau lub hwj chim tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, lub Bolsheviks tau saws lub Soviet lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab hauv 1923. Nws general tsos tsis hloov mus txog rau thaum lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR. Lub tsuas innovation yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm tshiab liab daim kab xev, uas raws li tus xov tooj ntawm Union republics twb sau lus ntawm qhov hu rau, "Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho cov teb chaws, sib sau ua ke!". Nyob rau hauv 1923, muaj 6, 1956 - twb 15. Ua ntej pub ntxiv tshaj qhov Lithuanian SSR hauv RSFSR tapes twb txawm 16.

Lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab yog ib daim duab ntawm ib tug rauj thiab sickle nyob rau hauv lub hnub thiab nyob rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Nrog cov npoo ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg twb framed pob ntseg, ib ncig uas lub curled daim kab xev cherished lus hais tias. Central hauv qab ntawm lawv muaj ib tug inscription nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab. Lub sab saum toj ntawm lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab crowned tsib-taw lub hnub qub. Cov duab tau nws tus kheej ideological ntsiab lus raws li tus so ntawm lub xeev cov cim ntawm Russia. Tus nqi ntawm daim duab twb paub rau tag nrho cov pej xeem ntawm lub teb chaws - lub Soviet Union yog tus tsav tsheb quab yuam ntawm cov proletariat thiab lub peasants koom haum ua teb thoob ntiaj teb.

Lavxias teb sab National Anthem

Official lub xeev cov cim ntawm Russia, qhov tseem ceeb, keeb kwm thiab lwm yam ntawm lawv txoj kev kawm science heraldry. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub tus chij thiab lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab dluab, muaj kuj yog national anthem. Yog tsis muaj nws yog tsis yooj yim sua xav txog tej yam lub xeev. Niaj hnub nimno Lavxias teb sab anthem - lub txais mus rau lub Soviet national anthem. Nws tau pom zoo nyob rau hauv 2000. Qhov no yog qhov "yau" lub xeev lub cim ntawm Russia.

Sau cov suab paj nruag anthem - lub composer thiab neeg lub Artist ntawm lub USSR Alexander Alexandrov. Lub tune twb sau los ntawm nws nyob rau hauv 1939. 60 xyoos tom qab pom zoo rau nws lub State Duma, dhau ib daim nqi Lavxias teb sab President Vladimir Putin hais txog ib tug tshiab national anthem.

Ib txhia khuam tshwm sim thaum txiav txim cov ntawv nyeem. Kwv huam rau hauv lub Soviet anthem sau paj huam Sergei Mikhalkov. Nyob rau hauv lub kawg, ib tug tshwj xeeb commission tau txais nws cov tshiab version ntawm cov tib cov ntawv nyeem. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, xav tias daim ntawv thov ntawm tag nrho nws cov pej xeem.

"Vajtswv Tseg Tsar!"

Tus thawj Lavxias teb sab xeev anthem nyob rau hauv lub li ib txwm nkag siab ntawm lo lus yog lub song "Vajtswv Tseg Tsar." Nws twb siv nyob rau hauv lub 1833-1917 biennium. Lub initiator ntawm cov tsos ntawm cov imperial anthem yog Nikolai I. Nyob rau hauv nws tej kev mus los ntawm cov teb chaws Europe, nws lossi pom nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv txawv qhov teeb meem no: orchestras hospitable lub teb chaws ua si xwb tus kheej tunes. Russia raws li nws cov "fim cov suab paj nruag" yuav tsis khav. Tus huab tais kom kho qhov teeb meem no dab tuag.

Music rau cov anthem ntawm faj tim teb chaws sau composer thiab neeg xyuas pib Aleksey Lvov. Tus neeg sau ntawm cov ntawv nyeem yog tus kws sau paj lug Vasily Zhukovsky. Nrog lub advent ntawm Soviet hwj chim imperial anthem twb ntaus tawm rau ib ntev lub sij hawm tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm cov khoom, tiam sis kuj lub cim xeeb ntawm lab ntawm cov neeg. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm tom qab ib tug ntev so, "Vajtswv Tseg Tsar" ua si nyob rau hauv "Lub ntsiag to Don" feature zaj duab xis nyob rau hauv 1958.

"Lub Internationale" thiab cov anthem ntawm lub USSR

Kom txog rau thaum 1943 lub Soviet tsoom fwv raws li nws cov national anthem thiab siv cov thoob ntiaj teb proletarian "Lub Internationale". Nyob rau hauv no suab paj nruag yog revolutionizing nyob rau hauv nws lub sij hawm tsov rog, lub Red Army mus rau hauv kev txiav txim. Cov ntawv nyeem yog sau los ntawm ib tug Fabkis txoj anarchist Ezhenom Pote. Ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv 1871 nyob rau hauv lub fateful hnub ntawm lub socialist zog, tau ua tsis tau tejyam thaum lub Paris Commune.

17 xyoo tom qab ntawd, Pierre Degeyter Fleming sau ib phau ntawv Pottier music. Cov no ib tug classic, "Lub Internationale". Mus rau hauv Lavxias teb sab anthem ntawv nyeem lus twb muab txhais Arkady Kotsem. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm nws ua hauj lwm yog nyob rau hauv luam nyob rau hauv 1902. "Lub Internationale" yog siv raws li ib tug Soviet national anthem ntawm ib lub sij hawm thaum lub Bolsheviks tseem dreaming ntawm lub ntiaj teb kiv puag ncig. Qhov no yog lub era ntawm lub Communist International thiab cov creation ntawm nplog liab lub hlwb nyob rau hauv txawv teb chaws lub teb chaws.

Nrog rau qhov pib ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II, Stalin txiav txim siab los hloov lub ideological tswvyim. Nws tsis xav kom lub ntiaj teb no kiv puag ncig, tab sis nws twb mus tsim ib tug tshiab heev centralized faj tim teb chaws, surrounded los ntawm ntau satellites. Hloov neej demanded lwm anthem. Nyob rau hauv 1943, lub "International" tau muab txoj kev mus rau ib tug tshiab lub suab paj nruag (Alexandrov) thiab cov ntawv nyeem (Mikhalkov).

"Patriotic Song"

Nyob rau hauv 1990-2000 gg. nyob rau hauv tus txheej xwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws anthem tseem "Patriotic Song", sau los ntawm tus composer Mihailom Glinkoy li thaum ntxov raws li Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1833. Paradoxical tseeb hais tias thaum lub sij hawm nws nyob rau hauv lub official raws li txoj cai ntawm lub suab paj nruag tsis tau nrhiav ib tug paub tias cov ntawv nyeem. Vim li no, lub teb chaws anthem twb ua tsis muaj lo lus. Qhaj ntawv ntawm ib tug ntshiab ntawv nyeem yog ib tug ntawm cov yog vim li cas rau cov kev hloov ntawm Glinka lub melodies suab paj nruag Alexandrova.