Tawm voltage hauv hluav taws xob tes hauj lwm

Nyob rau hauv txhua txuj ntawm kev siv tshuab, ib tug yeej ib txwm pom ib hom kev yawm suab ntawm ancient zaug, namely, cov npe uas muaj kev qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qhov kev coj no. Thiab ob peb tus neeg paub hais tias qhov no los yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm txoj kev xav tau txoj hauv kev ntev, kev muaj yees, thiab thaum pib ntawm nws qhov kev yug me nyuam nws cim rau tom ntej, feem ntau tseem ceeb heev, theem kev ua tiav. Piv txwv li, ntawm cov lus siv hluav taws xob, nws tau hnov ntau lub suab "three-phase voltage", "line voltage", "constant" or "alternating voltage" thiab ntau lub npe nrog lo lus "qhov hluav taws xob".

Chiv, raws li ib tug lub cev muaj nuj nqis voltage yog txhais raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm potentials ntawm hluav taws xob field uas yuav ua hauj lwm rau lub zog ntawm hluav taws xob xwb los ntawm ib tug taw tes mus rau lwm lub teb. Tus nqi hluav taws xob yog siv los ntawm lub zog ntawm lub zog, yog li nws muaj nqis, ntau tshaj qhov tseeb, qhov muaj peev xwm sib txawv, txo qis rau xoom. Nyob rau hauv lub sij kaw Circuit Court rau lub zog ntawm hluav taws xob nqi yog kho raws li ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no - qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub zog ntawm electron los ntawm ib tug taw tes mus rau lwm saw. Tias nws tsis hloov, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau tswj kom muaj kev sib txawv ntawm cov neeg tsis sib haum. Raws li paub, lub hwj chim qhov chaw muaj lub luag haujlwm saib xyuas tam sim no hauv Circuit Court. Nws txiav txim seb qhov tam sim no hauv Circuit Court yog qhov twg, i.e. Tsis hloov nws qhov siab thiab kev coj ua, lossis cov haujlwm uas txawv raws li qee txoj cai. Lub sij hawm "kab voltage" ua kev txiav txim zoo tsuas yog rau cov tes hauj lwm ntawm alternating tam sim no.

Qhov loj tshaj tis hauv hluav taws xob engineering tau txais los ntawm alternating voltage networks ntawm sinusoidal daim ntawv. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov voltage thaum nws oscillates yog hu ua qhov siab ua. Rau no voltage, ntxiv cov kev ntsuas ntawm kev siv - zaus F thiab theem ψ. Cov zaus no yog txiav txim los ntawm cov oscillations ib lub sij hawm twg, thiab lub sijhawm yog lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntsiab lus oscillation. Yog li ntawd Keeb kwm, lub sij hawm "theem" tuaj yuav tsum tau hu ua, thiab kab hwj chim AC voltage, yog hais tias nws yog ib feem ntawm ib tug system ntawm ntau theem - feem ntau yog peb. Peb-theem network yog lwm kev kawm tau ntawm hluav taws xob engineering thiab muaj ntau yam zoo hais tias nws yog tsuas tsis yooj yim sua kom dhau. Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog qhov tseem yuav tau txais ib qho kev sib hloov magnetic teb yam tsis muaj lub dag zog, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm kev siv fais fab. Lub peb-theem Circuit Court paub qhov txawv ntawm theem thiab theem voltage, thiab nws cov feature lus dag nyob rau hauv uas txhua txhua tus cov theem yog offset nrog hwm mus rau lwm yam ob +/- 120 degrees. Cov generator theem voltage yog tso zis windings, nyob rau hauv uas structurally teev theem ua haujlwm. Txhua qhov kev sib tw muaj qhov xaus thiab pib: H1-K1, H2-K2, H3-K3. Hauv peb theem txheej txheem, ob lub qauv ntawm theem kev txuas tau - "star" thiab "triangle".

Thaum txuas lub "hnub qub" tag nrho cov hnub xaus yog txuas rau ib qho taw qhia - "terminal 0", thiab pib qhov kev tso tawm rau cov generator thiab input terminals rau lub ntaus ntawv siv los ntawm nws. Nyob rau hauv lub lag luam, tus kab voltage yog tus nqi ntsuas nruab nrab ntawm txhua tus kab ntawm cov khoom tawm ntawm H1, H2, H3, thiab nws yog Ulin. Muaj ib qho yeeb yam ntawm peb lub vas sab - theem hluav taws xob. Nws yog tsim los ntawm UF thiab yog ntsuas ntawm cov ntsiab lus "lead 0" thiab ib qho ntawm cov khoom tawm xaus K1, K2 thiab K3. Txo cov ntsiab lus, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias, raws li daim duab vector rau peb lub vas sab, kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kev sib tw ntawm Ulin = Ѵ3 * Uf. Thaum siv lub "daim duab peb sab" qhov kawg ntawm cov cua ntsig yog txuas nrog lub nplhaib: K1-H1-K2-H2-K3-H3-K1. Txhua qhov kev pib txuas kawg yog ib qho kev tso zis, thiab cov kab hluav taws xob tsis txawv ntawm theem lub sijhawm; Ulin = Uf. Nws yog nthuav los sib piv qhov teeb meem li qhov siab ntawm Udir thiab qhov siab ntawm qhov hloov voltage Ua, piv txwv li, raws li tib lub zog tso tawm hauv lub load. Rau cov ntaub ntawv no Udir = Ѵ2 * Ua.

Yog li ntawd, xyoo dhau los, tau paub txog qhov xwm txheej thiab qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub cev, thiab ntsiag to lub tswv yim ntawm "nrawm" loj hlob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus uas nthuav tawm peb lub peev xwm los siv tej yam tshwm sim rau tib neeg cov kev xav tau.