Teb cov lus nug yog teb los ntawm ib tug hais lo lus? cov lus nug tej lus

Hais lo lus - ib feem ntawm kev hais lus ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab lus, uas ib tug ntau ntawm cov sij hawm yog siv nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv kawm. Qhov no yog to taub, vim hais tias no lub npe yog heev uas nws kim heev, thiab cov kev hloov ntawm cov npe no tsis yog lub tsuas muaj nuj nqi ntawm tej lus. Thiab nyob rau lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv lub puas tawm xyoo, nws hais tias G. Pavskii "hais lo lus tsis hloov lub npe, tiam sis tsuas yog yim pab thiab cov ntsiab lus mus rau nws."

Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd tus Lavxias teb sab lus ntawm cov zaum txog lub ywj pheej ntawm cov kev kawm ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab lus yog muab faib. Ib txhia xav txog nws ib tug tag nrho thiab ywj siab, hos lwm cov neeg yuav faib nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau lwm qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus.

Thiab txawm hais tias qhov teeb meem tseem muaj teeb meem, tsev kawm ntawv lub ntsiab ntawm "Lub chaw" qhib rau cov me nyuam ywj siab ntawm tus hais lus, uas tsuas sau raws nkaus Ii ib co cim ntawm nouns, adjectives thiab numerals.

txhais

Nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv, cov menyuam kawm ntawv nkag tau rau qhov no yog ib feem ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab lus, muab nws cov nram qab no txhais tias: "Lub chaw - ib qho kev ywj feem ntawm kev hais lus, uas yuav siv tau es tsis txhob ntawm ib tus, ib qho chaw, ib tug adverb thiab ib tug tus nab npawj txiav txim seb tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kwv cov ntsiab lus rau ib tug kwv los yog tshwm sim txawv rau tus neeg mob tawm . nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, cov ntsiab lus rau ib tug kwv, tiam sis tsis tau muaj npe. Lub tswv yim txog yuav pab raws li ib tus neeg twg. "

Piv txwv li:

• Kuv (kawm) xav las voos.
• Nws yog tias nws (tus predicate).
• Nikita - kuv (txhais ntawm) ib tug tub.
• Tus kws qhia ntawv hu ua nws (tsis tas li ntawd) rau lub rooj tsavxwm.
• Yuav ua li cas ntev (lo lus "tsis muaj" raws li ib feem ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim), tag nrho cov ntawm no yuav muaj mus ntxiv?

Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum xub xyuas seb dab tsi cov lus nug teb los ntawm ib tug hais lo lus. Lo lus teb rau lo lus nug no yog heev yooj yim: dab tsi yog ib feem ntawm kev hais lus ntau xyoo, cov lus nug thiab lus teb.

hloov npe

Tej lus, npe teb cov lus nug noun.

lawv kuj muaj ib tug zoo coj mus rau qhov kev kawm uas lawv taw tes. Ntxiv mus, cov khoom no yuav ua tau ob qho tib si animate thiab tswg, muaj ib tug zoo tshaj los yog ntau tshaj ib tus. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov lus hais, uas tej teeb meem "Leej twg?" thiab "yog dab tsi?", tej zaum yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb qhov kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv uas nominative siv nyob rau hauv ib tug kab lus. Thiab yog hais tias muaj yog ib tug hais ntawm cov kev kawm yam tsis tau nws kev txiav txim, nws teb rau lo lus nug "leej twg?", "Dab tsi?" Nyob rau hauv qhov ncauj lus thiab nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv mus rau siv cov nram qab no xyoo lo lus "koj", "koj," "nws," "nws," "lawv," "ib tug neeg", "ib yam dab tsi", "ib tug neeg" los yog "ib yam dab tsi" .

hloov adjectives

Tej lus, adjectives teb cov lus nug ntawm no ib feem ntawm kev hais lus, adopting nws txhua lub grammatical nta. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, nyob rau hauv ib tug kab lus yog hloov los ntawm cov lus siv los piav qhia tej phenomenon los yog yam khoom, "tsi", "ib tug neeg", "feem ntau", "tsis muaj leej twg", "koj", "kuv".

Piv txwv li: "Kuv (? Nws) paj."

Raws li zoo raws li tej lus uas tej yam tshwm sim ntawm nouns, adjectives, tej lus tej zaum yuav txawv los ntawm cov tub los ntxhais, cov ntaub ntawv thiab tus xov tooj thiab piav qhia txog cov animate thiab tswg khoom thiab tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm phenomena.

hloov numerals

Heev feem ntau, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tej lus hloov numerals. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov no yog ib feem ntawm tus hais lus teb rau lo lus nug "ntau npaum li cas?" Thiab cov ntsiab lus rau ib tug tas mus li tus naj npawb ntawm "ntau," "ob peb," "ib co".

Piv txwv li: "Ib tug ntau ntawm (? Raws li) daisies thiab ib co (ntau?) Ntawm roses."

Cov lus hais kuj hloov rau tus neeg mob, uas nyob rau hauv lem yuav tsub rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov lus nug uas nws yuav teb.

tus kheej lo lus

Tus thawj acquaintance nrog cov me nyuam ntawm no ib feem ntawm kev hais lus los hais txog nyob rau hauv lub thib ob chav kawm ntawv, uas yog muab ib tug cais npe rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus, thiab nws tuav ib zaj lus qhia ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus. Hais lo lus, raws li ib tug txoj cai, cov me nyuam yog cov lus "Kuv" thiab nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm txoj kev kawm koom rau hauv daim ntawv.

Txij li thaum los ntawm tej lus grammatical nta tsis tsim ib tug ib pab pawg nrog rau kev hwm rau cov syntactic cwj pwm thiab lawv cov nqi yog muab faib ua ob peb me me. Ib tug ntawm cov no yog cov tus kheej los yog, raws li lawv yog hu ua, qhov Performance index yog:

• 1 tus neeg - "I", "peb";
• 2nd neeg - "koj", "koj";
• Peb tus neeg - "nws," "lawv", "nws", "nws".

Nws yog nyob rau cov tej lus thiab xaus nrog rau cov thawj acquaintance, thiab lwm yam ntswg cov menyuam kawm ntawv kawm nyob rau hauv high school.

Tej lus hais zoo li "kuv" thiab "koj", muaj yog tsis muaj grammatical yog txivneej los pojniam los yog ntau tshaj ib tus, raws li "peb" thiab "koj" yog siv los txhais hais tias "kuv thiab lwm tus neeg" los yog "koj thiab lwm tus neeg" . Yuav kom txiav txim seb lub hom ntawm xav yuav tsum tau muab rau leej twg nws qhia tus sau lus hais.

Nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm, ntau heev lo lus "peb" twb siv tau tawm tsam ib tug txiv neej rau muab ib tug hais lus solemnity, tab sis tam sim no nws yog siv los irony. Tab sis lo lus "koj" tseem tshwm sim raws li ib daim ntawv ntawm courtesy.

Tej lus lwm tus neeg yog feem ntau tus kheej-demonstrative, thiab yog li ntawd muaj ib yam ntawm cov qeb.

reflexive

Qib 4 cov ntaub ntawv kawm muaj xws li cov kev taw qhia ntawm Lavxias teb sab cov me nyuam nrog paug tej lus, raws li rov qab los yog ntxiv, tej lus hais. Lawv tsis muaj kev tsi, los yog xov tooj, los sis tsis hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov nominative cov ntaub ntawv. Txawm li cas los, qhov chaw yog leaning ntawm cov lo lus "koj" hom thiab yog siv nyob rau hauv cov kab lus raws li ib tug ntxiv xwb nyob rau hauv lub oblique mob. Yuav kom txiav txim uas cov lus nug teb los ntawm qhov chaw no, koj yuav tsum kam nrog nws cov ntaub ntawv.

possessive chaw

Qhov no pab pawg neeg, raws li tau zoo raws li tus kheej tej lus, yog muab faib ua peb cov neeg. Yog li ntawd, tus thawj lo lus yog "kuv", "peb", qhov thib ob - "koj li," "koj," thiab peb tus neeg yog txhais los ntawm lo lus "koj." Morphological yam ntxwv ntawm no pab pawg neeg yog hais tias lawv tej zaum yuav muaj thiab yog txivneej los pojniam, thiab tus xov tooj. Lawv kuj ntshiv rau tus neeg mob, "kuv", "koj" thiab "nws" yog xav piv rau cov chaw "xiav" thiab "peb", "koj" - lub hom ntawm lo lus "senior".

Lub accusative plural tej lus feem ntau muaj ob hom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Rau animate npe siv lo lus "kuv", "koj", "koj", "peb", "peb"; thiab tswg - "koj", "kuv", "peb", "peb", "koj".

Piv txwv li: "Nws pom nws tus txheeb ze nws pom nws phau ntawv.".

demonstrative

Qib 4 cov ntaub ntawv kawm assumes paub nrog cov me nyuam thiab qhov no pab pawg neeg ntawm tej lus "nws," "lub," "ib tug," "xws", "raws li", "tseem", "xws", "yuav." Tag nrho cov lus yog siv los xa mus rau ib tug kwv, nws tag los yog tus xov tooj ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm zoo xws li cov piav qhia. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv muaj peev xwm ua ib daim ntawv qhia exclamation. Piv txwv li: "Ib hom ntawm cunning koj!"

Xav lub demonstrative tej lus "nws" thiab "no", nws yog ib qho yooj yim los mus txiav txim uas lawv cov ntsiab lus mus rau ib tug los ze zog thiab ib tug nyob deb yam khoom los yog cov kev tshwm sim. Tus kwv tij mus rau lub morphological nta ntawm cov lus muaj peev xwm yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv txawv generic daim ntawv thiab tus xov tooj.

Hais lo lus "no" los yog "per se" yog feem ntau siv rau xa mus rau lub twb hais yam khoom, nws cov nta los yog ua. Cov lus no kuj ntaub ntawv ntawm cov tub los ntxhais thiab tus xov tooj thiab rau cov ntaub ntawv hloov ua raws li cov hom ntawm cov lo lus "Tver".

Interrogative-txheeb ze, tsis zoo thiab indefinite tej lus

Yog muaj lus nug xws tej lus ntau ntau variations lawv tus kheej hais lo lus nyob rau hauv cov kab lus ua raws li interrogative thiab txheeb ze lus: "uas", "dab tsi", "uas", "dab tsi", "ntau npaum li cas", "uas nws". Piv txwv li: "Leej twg yog muaj khob Yuav ua li cas koj xav tau?"

Morphological nta ntawm qhov chaw "uas" thiab "yog dab tsi" yog hais tias lawv tsis muaj ib yam los yog xov tooj. "Leej twg" yog siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nyob rau hauv kev sib hwm ntawm animate khoom, thiab cov "dab tsi" - tswg. Declination ntawm lo lus "uas" ua los ntawm hom lus "hais tias" thiab "no" thiab "hais tias" - lub hom ntawm lo lus "tag nrho". Raws li cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob, nws yog ua tau kom to taub li cas cov lus nug teb los ntawm ib tug hais lo lus.

Los ntawm no pab pawg neeg ntawm tej lus los ntawm kev siv lub prefix "non", uas yog sau ntawv raws li ib lo lus, cov prefix "koe" hais "dab tsi", "-or", "muaj ib hnub" uas yog hyphenated, tsim los ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam lus uas yog mus rau ib qho indeterminate chav kawm ntawv. Qhov no tej lus zoo li "ib tug neeg", "ib yam dab tsi", "ib yam dab tsi," "leej twg," "ib yam dab tsi," "ib co," "leej twg," "ib co," thiab lwm yam zoo xws li cov ob peb ua ke ntawd. Ib txhia ntawm lawv muaj peev xwm taw tes rau animate, lwm leej lwm tus yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tub los ntxhais thiab tus xov tooj. Lub chaw "ib" yog yeej ib txwm tsuas nyob rau hauv lub nominative thiab tsis leaning.

Los ntawm cov pab pawg neeg nyob rau hauv lo lus nug, tus txheeb ze tej lus siv rau hauv lub particle "tsis muaj" thiab "tsis" tsim lwm pab pawg neeg, nws yog hu ua tsis zoo. Teb cov lus nug tsis hais lo lus no? Cov lus teb yuav tsum qhia meej qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub. Tab sis txawv yog tsim nyog tshwj xeeb mloog. Yog li ntawd, yog hais tias tsis zoo particle hais lo lus yog tsis muab qhia rau nws ib tug pretext, lo lus yog sau ua ke. Piv txwv li: ". Tsis muaj ib tug mus blame Tsis muaj ib tug tuaj muaj tsis muaj dab tsi.".

Thiab los ntawm txoj kev nyuaj siab nkag rau hauv cov lus hais tsis yog tsuas yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lo lus, tab sis tus hais uas yuav tsum tau yuav tsum tau siv.

Yog hais tias tsis zoo particle yog sib cais pretext hais tias nws yog sau nyias: "tsis muaj ib tug", "tsis muaj ib tug mus rau" thiab thiaj on.

attributive tej lus

Raws li cov saum toj no, ib tug tsis yog nyuaj rau kwv yees li cov lus nug teb hais lo lus attributive cim. Nws yog tag nrho cov tib cov lus nug ntawm tus neeg mob. Nta ntawm declination tej lus xws li "nws," "feem ntau," "tag nrho," "txhua txhua", "txhua txhua" thiab "txawv" yog xwb nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv nyob rau hauv lub accusative txoj kuj animate thiab tswg khoom.