Tim Nkij teb chaws lub loj tshaj plaws kob. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws Greek Islands

Tim Nkij teb chaws - lub vaj kaj siab nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe. Lub teb chaws tau ua lug paub rau nws keeb kwm, tsis muaj tsawg txaus siab nws nruab nrab yog raws li ib tug thoob ntiaj teb resort. Xav txog cov feem ntau loj tuaj ntawm cov tim Nkij teb chaws.

lus qhia dav dav

Los ntawm lub teb chaws muaj xws li ntau tshaj ib txhiab plaub puas Islands tuaj. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv yog cov tsis muaj neeg nyob, thiab lawv ntau thiab tsawg pab yog heev me me. Qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov kob tim Nkij teb chaws, ntawm uas muaj ob puas thiab nees nkaum, exploited neeg. Txawm li cas los, muaj ntau yam tsis nyob ntau tshaj ib puas neeg.

Cov feem ntau populous kob nyob rau hauv tim Nkij teb chaws - Crete, Euboea, Lesbos, Rhodes thiab Kefalonia. Lawv yog cov tseem yog cov coob nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam. Txhua yam ntawm lawv muaj ib tug nplua nuj keeb kwm ntawm ntau tshaj li ib txhiab xyoo. Lawv yuav tsum tau mus los ntawm lub sawv thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm empires, ntawm uas tam sim no nyob twj ywm cim ruins ntawm lub tuam tsev, palaces, tiv thaiv, lub vaj.

Crete

Qhov loj tshaj plaws kob ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws yog hais tias tus huab shrouded nyob rau hauv myths xwb thiab legends. Nws yog ib qho huab point ntawm tag nrho cov ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Crete occupies 550 txhiab tus neeg, nws cheeb tsam -. 8.336 square kilometers. Lub peculiarity ntawm cov kob yog hais tias nws yog nyob rau kev tshuam ntawm maritime tseem khiav ntawm teb chaws Africa, teb chaws Europe thiab Asia muaj hnub nyoog. Qhov loj ports ntawm Crete - Agios Nikolaos, Heraklion, Chania thiab Rethymno.

Cov islands nyob rau hauv tim Nkij teb chaws paub txog nws amazing kev zoo nkauj ntawm qhov, thiab Crete - yog tsis muaj exception. Nws yav qab teb ntug dej hiav txwv no ntxhab thiab Precipitous, thiab sab qaum teb - zeb thiab tiaj tus. Qhov siab tshaj plaws qhov siab ntawm lub roob - 2400 meters, nrog lawv ib qho zoo kawg npaum li cas ntawm tej qhov tsua - ntau tshaj peb txhiab! Raws li Legend, ib tug ntawm lawv, Zeus yug. Sib sib zog nqus ravines, fertile nras thiab lub zos, faus nyob rau hauv lub greenery ntawm olive nyuaj - tag nrho cov no yog cov kob ntawm Crete nyob rau hauv tim Nkij teb chaws. Nyob rau nws lub teb chaws koj yuav qhuas lub chestnut, ntoo qhib, cypress, ntoo thuv thiab xibtes nyuaj. Lub roob qhov chaw siab tshaj yog them nrog pua ua los ntawm tshuaj ntsuab thiab flowering lov tas vau.

lub txiaj ntsim ntawm xwm

Sab saum toj Lus islands tuaj paib mus txog peb lub sij hawm ib xyoos. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Crete loj hlob txiv kab ntxwv, txiv duaj, qos yaj ywm thiab kua txob. Txhua daim av nyob dawb tsev cog khoom, hauv uas xim polutorametrovy lub paj los yog bunches ntawm txiv tsawb. Feem ntau cov ntoo ntseej.

Euboea

Nyob rau hauv ob qhov chaw rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm "coob kob nyob rau hauv tim Nkij teb chaws" yog Euboea. Los ntawm cov shores ntawm South Thessaly nws yog cais Trikkeriyskim Strait, sab hnub poob ntawm Locris, Boeotia thiab Attica - Straits Talaktiyskim thiab Eurypylus. Thaum lub narrowest point rau tom kawg ib tug choj rau lub mainland tim Nkij teb chaws, vim hais tias qhov kev ncua deb yog tsuas 38 meters.

Euboea flourished nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm antiquity, tam sim no nws yog ntawm kev txaus siab raws li ib tug zoo nkauj resort cheeb tsam. Tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm cov kob - ntau tshaj li 3,600 square kilometers, nws yog yus muaj los ntawm mountainous roob hav. Mediterranean kev nyab xeeb (qhuav subtropical), av fertile hav. Tus dej network yog tsis zoo tsim. Cov khoom tseem ceeb - wine, zib ntab, nplej thiab txiv kab ntxwv. Heev ntau txiv duaj, thiab mulberries (mulberry).

Cov kob pej xeem

Qhov loj tshaj plaws kob ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws tshaj plaws exploited neeg. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Euboea twb nyob rau hauv 1889 ib tug pej xeem ntawm ib nyuag ntau tshaj cuaj caum txhiab tus neeg. Raws li official qhov chaw, lub Greeks kom tau tus loj cov pej xeem ntawm cov kob.

Tom qab tsis meej pem nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov expansion ntawm lub Ottoman Empire thiab lub invasions ntawm lub Crusaders rau cov kob tuaj rau pawg loj ntawm cov neeg uas nws keeb kwm tsis yog Greek. Nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb cov cheeb tsam ntawm Evia tswm Venetians, thiab tom qab - arnauts Albanians thiab Turks. Nyob rau hauv lub Nrab Hnub nyoog lub qaum teb hnub poob yog swarmed los ntawm nomadic yug yaj romanoyazychnymi shafts. Halkis yog inhabited los ntawm Gypsies. Thaum pib ntawm lub puas tawm xyoo twb cim los ntawm loj tsiv teb tsaws rau Euboea karakachanov, Greek-hais lus nomadic pab pawg tsis paub hais tias keeb kwm, adhering rau lub orthodox txoj kev ntseeg.

Rau hnub tim, ntawm cov neeg uas nyob hauv Euboea feem ntau Niaj hnub nimno Greek lus, tab sis nyob rau hauv tej lub zos ib tug yuav tseem hnov lub Albanian lub suab hais lus.

Lesbos

Qhov no kob yog nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub hiav txwv Aegean. Nws yog peb nyob rau hauv qhov qeb duas ntawm "Qhov loj tshaj plaws kob ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws" thiab lub yim nyob rau hauv loj nyob rau hauv lub Mediterranean hiav txwv (ntau Lesbos tsuas Sicily, Cyprus, Sardinia, Corsica, Crete, Euboea thiab Mallorca). Nrog rau ib cheeb tsam ntawm 1632,81 square kilometers. Nws yog suav hais tias yog lub ntsiab nroog ntawm Mytilene.

Excursion rau yav tag los

Tus thawj settlements, uas yog lub npe hu rau tej yam tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Lesbos nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm peb Millennium BC. Lub hiob zoo-paub cov haiv neeg ntawm cov kob yog Terpander - kws sau paj lug, ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub yim xyoo pua BC.

Qhov kawg ntawm lub xya - thaum pib ntawm lub thawj ib nrab ntawm lub thib rau lub xyoo pua BC, Lesbos yog lub rooj zaum ntawm lub neej ntawm tej nto moo paj huam raws li Arion, Alcaeus thiab Sappho. Ua tsaug rau cov ua hauj lwm ntawm lub xeem lub npe ntawm cov kob yog qhov uas cov emergence ntawm ib tug tshiab lub sij hawm - "lesbian hlub" txhais tau tias poj niam txiv neej sib raug zoo.

Rau ib txhia lub sij hawm, cov kob yog lub tsev mus rau Aristotle (ua ntej nws tau txais lub tsev hais plaub qib ntawm King Philip ntawm Macedonia). Nws yog assumed tias nyob rau hauv lub thib ob xyoo pua nyob rau hauv Lesbos Tatius Ntev - txawj sau ntawv, los ua nto moo kob nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv ntawm nws tshiab "Daphnis thiab Chloe".

Nyob rau hauv lub Nrab Hnub nyoog, tus Genoese yuav Lesbos. Hwj chim tshaj lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm cov genus Gattiluzio. Nws cov neeg sawv cev muaj npaum li cas lub title ntawm archons (tshooj) ntawm cov kob. Lawv kav los ntawm 1355 txog 1462-th xyoo, thaum nyob rau Lesbos tsis tuaj mus rau hauv lub Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II. Tsuas yog nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm 1912, Greek troops retook cov kob nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm lub liberation lag luam. Raws li cov Treaty ntawm Sevres, kos npe rau hauv 1920, nws tau los ua ib feem ntawm Lesbos nyob rau hauv tim Nkij teb chaws.

Rhodes

Uas kob nyob rau hauv tim Nkij teb chaws lub loj tshaj plaws kev? Peb twb hais Crete, Euboea thiab Lesbos. Tam sim no xav txog lub plaub cheeb tsam (1398 sq km) kob hu ua Rhodes. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub southeastern ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws thiab yog ib feem ntawm ib pab pawg neeg ntawm islands Dodecanese nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv Aegean. Los ntawm Rhodes mus rau lub capital - Athens - ob puas thiab xya caum mais.

Cov kob yog feem ntau xa mus rau raws li lub pov haum uas lub Mediterranean. Nyob rau nws lub teb chaws zoo kawg thiab ntau yam ntawm tej yam ntuj tso kev zoo nkauj thiab archaeological chaw. Raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm UNESCO historic ib feem ntawm Rhodes nkag mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb cuab yeej cuab tam List.

climatic nta

Sab saum toj Island ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws yuav khav tshiab summers thiab me me winters. Thiab Rhodes yog ib tug prime piv txwv. Muaj Mediterranean kev nyab xeeb, nruab nrab kub yog 18-20 degrees Celsius. Tshav ntuj hnub rau cov kob ntawm ntau - hais txog peb puas ib xyoos. Lub warmest lub hlis - Lub Xya hli ntuj thiab lub yim hli ntuj (29 nyob rau nruab nrab), thiab lub caij - Hlis ntuj nqeg, Lub ib hlis ntuj, Lub ob hlis ntuj thiab lub peb hlis ntuj (+ 9-11 degrees).

Culture thiab Art ntawm Antiquity

Muaj ntau centuries Rhodes ua si ib lub luag hauj lwm raws li ib qho tseem ceeb trading chaw nres nkoj nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj Mediterranean. Island heev pab cov keeb kwm ntawm lub cheeb tsam, thaum lub sij hawm nws heyday kev kawm tau daim duab thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Nws mus txog rau nws cov apogee painting, philosophy, physics, astronomy, geography, thiab puab yamntxwv.

Tu siab, mus txog rau tam sim no peb tsis tau mus txog Rhodes masterpieces ntawm painting. Lub tsuas qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv - cov ancient writings. Lawv muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau mention ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm ntau feemxyuam ntxias.

Ntau npaum li cas yog paub txog ceramics. Lub Archaeological Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Rhodes sawv cev lub brightest piv txwv ntawm no kos duab. Raug artifacts ntawm uas lub sij hawm - cov hlab ntsha, uas depicts lub qus tshis, mos lwj thiab griffins, interspersed nrog paj garlands thiab anfemiev.

Duab puab, dhau lawm, tau mus txog ib tug theem ntawm kev loj hlob yog nyob rau hauv Rhodes. Local craftsmen tau siv nyob rau hauv lawv cov chaw ua hauj lwm lo lus zais, tsis marble. Nyob rau hauv lub thib tsib caug xyoo BC, nws tsim nyob rau ib qho kev ywj sculptural tsev kawm ntawv rau cov kob. Nyob rau hauv lub Hellenistic lub sij hawm nws yog tus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj thiab ib qho ntawm feem nto moo nyob rau hauv tim Nkij teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv no era rau cov kob nws ntiav neeg ua txog ib puas thiab peb caug masters nyob rau hauv lawv lub teb ntawm peb caug lub zos. Ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog cov Briaskida los ntawm Athens thiab Lysippos ntawm Sicyon.

Rhodes nyob thiab ua hauj lwm kws sau paj lug Apollonius thiab Aristippus Kirensk - philosopher, me nyuam kawm ntawv ntawm Socrates. Nws nrhiav tau Aeschines ntawm Athens rau cov kob tsev kawm ntawv ntawm yus hnov. Muaj ntau Rhodians ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv philosophy. Cov lawv Panetay, Evdem.

"Khov music"

Lub architectural tsos ntawm tej cheeb tsam yog ncaj qha nyob rau hauv lub morphology ntawm nws ib ncig, lub keeb kwm yav dhau los thiab thaj chaw.

Localities raug muab faib mus rau hauv Rhodes nyob hauv cov kob thiab seaside. Cov yav tas muaj xws li lub nroog ntawm Rhodes thiab Lind. Lawv yog ua nyob rau hauv tus duab ntawm ib amphitheatre, ntawm uas khav amazing views tshaj lub tshav puam ntawm dej saum npoo.

Raws li rau qhov kev koom nyob rau hauv lub dej qhov chaw ntawm cov kob, los ntawm lawv cov tsos, lawv yuav tsum tau yuav tsum tau mus tiv thaiv lub zos tiv thaiv cov qhov tawm tsam ntawm pirates thaum lub sij hawm Byzantine lub sij hawm, thiab tom qab lub capture ntawm Constantinople los ntawm lub Turks. Yog li, cov neeg tau xaiv mus nyob rau tej thaj chaw uas tsis tau pom los ntawm lub hiav txwv, me me nras, hillsides thiab roob, nram hav thiab qhov chaw nyob rau tus ntug dej ntawm cov dej ntws. Feem ntau ntawm cov tshiab kev koom tau fortified. Pob zeb, lub ntiaj teb thiab ntoo siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev thiab fortresses, tab sis cov kob yog txaus.

Kefalonia

Qhov no kob - qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub Ionian. Nws lub npe los ntawm lub npe mullet - tus hero ntawm Greek mythology. Yog lwm version. Yog li, nws yog ntseeg hais tias lo lus "Kefalonia" yuav tsum txhais raws li "cov kob uas ib lub taub hau", thiab nws yog txuam nrog lub npe Kefalus pob zeb.

thaj ntaub ntawv

Cov nyob ze cov neeg nyob ze yog cov islands - Zakynthos thiab Gesso. Enos Roob - lub siab tshaj plaws taw tes ntawm Kefalonia (1628 meters), lub cheeb tsam - 781 square kilometer. Cov thawj tswj centre thiab lub zos - Argostoli. Kefalonia yog nyob rau av qeeg-nws cheeb tsam. Feem ntau ntawm cov kob ntaus los ntawm av qeeg nyob rau hauv 1953. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, feem ntau ntawm cov zos tau raug puas tsuaj thiab tag nrho lub zos. Nws dim tsuas yog tus northernmost lub zos - Fiscardo.

Ib me ntsis keeb kwm

Tag nrho cov ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws lub loj tshaj plaws kob, lub npe thiab qhov kev piav qhia ntawm uas peb tau hais saum toj no, twb nrhiav tau ntau txhiab xyoo dhau los. Yog li, historians thiab archaeologists tau pom hais tias cov neeg pib mus tshawb Kefalonia nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub Paleolithic. Tus thawj lub npe hu inhabitants - Greek pawg neeg Leleges. Lawv tuaj mus rau cov kob nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum tsib xyoo pua BC. Tam sim no, peb caug-tsib txhiab tus neeg nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam. Patron thiab protector ntawm cov kob yog xam tau tias yog ib tug neeg dawb huv Gerasima Kefaloniyskogo.

thauj network

Cov kob ua hauj lwm nrog lub tshav dav hlau tso mam li pawv 2.4 kis lus mev. Nws yog nyob txog kaum kilometers ntawm lub nroog ntawm Argostoli. Lub ntsiab txoj kev - "Kefalonia - Athens." Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub tshav dav hlau txais ntau charter flights los ntawm tag nrho cov thoob teb chaws Europe.

Los ntawm ib tug chaw nres nkoj nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntug dej hiav txwv, mus ferries mus rau lub mainland. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Poros ua tus hla mus rau sab hnub poob Peloponnese, thiab los ntawm lawv tus kheej - nyob rau hauv Patras.

Kefaloniytsy tau ntev tau koom nyob rau hauv seafaring. Muaj ntau centuries dhau los, nws tau coj zoo rov qab los. Raws li paub tseeb hais tias los ntawm lub teev ntawm lub Ethnographic Tsev khaws puav pheej, lub inhabitants ntawm no cov kob twb muaj myiaj neeg. Uas mus txawv tebchaws, lawv coj lub tsev kim fashionable rooj tog, tais diav, cov khaub ncaws thiab kos duab khoom. Ib txhia niaj hnub kefaloniytsami nws lub koom haum, loj shipping tuam txhab uas muag.

kev xav ntawm xwm

Cov kob yog nto moo rau nws geological phenomena uas yuav tsum tau cai vim tectonic dab tshwm sim ua ntej lawm. Yog li, ib tug tiag tiag cim tshwm sim yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw hu ua Katavores: tons ntawm marine dej tsis tu ncua zais nyob rau hauv lub hauv av, dhau los ntawm lub peculiar underground qhov kaum xya kilometres ntev thiab rub mus rau qhov chaw, ntog mus rau hauv lub pas dej Melissani thiab Karavomylos.

Lub Kefalonian qhov tsua Drogarati concerts. Tsaug rau qhov zoo acoustics nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, yim neeg yuav txaus siab rau lub suab ntawm zoo nkauj music cov stalagmites thiab stalactites.

Enos Roob ntsuas - ib lub teb chaws xwm zeem cia. Nyob rau nws lub teb chaws koj yuav pom ntau yam uas tsis tshua muaj nroj tsuag uas tau teev tseg nyob rau hauv lub Red Phau Ntawv, xws li tsawg hom violets thiab orchids. Roob tseg rau feem ntau yog ib feem them nrog tsaus ntsuab ntoo thuv ntoo, ntoo uas tau siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm ships.

fauna

Rau cov kob yog ib lub tsev rau tsawg hom ntawm cov tsiaj. Ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws vaub kib - Caretta - yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev tiv thaiv. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov hom endangered nteg lawv cov qe nyob rau hauv cov xuab zeb puam cia nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Munda.

xaus

Qhov loj tshaj plaws kob ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws, daim ntawv teev cov uas tau raug qhia saum toj no, yog exceptional kev txaus siab rau historians, archaeologists thiab zoo tib yam neeg ncig chaw uas xav cias tsau li lub tshav ntuj rau qhov zoo nkauj ntug hiav txwv dej.