Tswvyim thiab hom ntawm masonry

Masonry - yog ib lub tsev qauv muaj cib los yog lub pob zeb pw rau ntawm cov tshuaj, thiab kev coj tus kheej lub load ntawm nws tus kheej yuag thiab tus luj ntawm cov yam ntxwv hais, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv nws. Masonry ua nyob rau hauv ib tug txiav txim, thiab ua thermal thiab suab insulating muaj nuj nqi.

Masonry tej hauj lwm, ntau hom ntawm kev tsim kho kev daws teeb meem: MAAs, txiv qaub-MAAs thiab txiv qaub.

Muaj ib co hom masonry:

- khoom. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tus clutch yog rau hauv daim ntawv ib tug khoom, ib monolith;

- lite. Nrog rau qhov no hom ntawm masonry ib feem yog los hloov insulated khoom los yog ib tug huab cua txheej. Feem ntau hom xws li ib tug kolodtsevoy masonry, cib thiab qhob thauj tog rau nkoj nrog ib tug peb-kab diaphragms nrog nrog rwb thaiv tsev thiab cua kis;

- tam. Tej hom brickwork siv tam nrog hlau rods los yog sob. Nws yuav tau mus thov ob longitudinal thiab transverse qhov cuab lub zog.

Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, masonry pob zeb thiab cib, feem ntau, muaj tus duab ntawm lub box, nyob qhov twg tag nrho cov ntsej muag muaj lawv cov kev lub npe. Yog li ntawd, lub biggest cheeb tsam sab, raug xa mus rau raws li lub saum thiab hauv qab ntawm lub txaj, uas lawv muab tso rau lub pob zeb nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, luv luv sab ntsej muag yog hu ua butting, thiab ntev - yeem.

Tag nrho cov qib ntawm masonry muaj lawv tus kheej npe, yog li huab series yog hu ua ib mais, los ntawm pem hauv ntej yog cov nyob sab nraum ntawm mais ntawm lub sab hauv ntawm lub chav - nrog verst. Yog hais tias muaj versts ntawm kab ntawm masonry, lawv hu ua zabutovochnymi (thaub qab).

Yog hais tias lub series yog pw nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev uas tus neeg sab nraud pom yeem - series hu ua stretcher, Yog hais tias ib tug yuav saib tau lub butting - lub xov tooj ntawm bonder. Lub qhov siab ntawm cov series muaj masonry bricks thiab lub qhov siab ntawm lub ntsug thickness ntawm cov tshuaj txheej, uas, nyob rau nruab nrab, muaj ib tug tuab ntawm 1.2 cm. Lub dav qhia txog lub dav ntawm lub masonry phab ntsa thiab yuav tsum yog ib tug ntau yam ntawm ib nrab ib tug cib. Thaum txiav txim tias nws yog muab rau tus account lub thickness ntawm cov ntsug nqaws thiab, nyob rau nruab nrab, cov nqi no yog 1.0 cm.

Txhua yam ntawm brickwork yuav tsum muaj ib tug kab rov tav hnav khaub ncaws. Ua nyuam cib masonry los ntawm ib tug kev tso kawm ntawm lub pob zeb thiab hu ua nyuam system. bandaging system yog ib kab los yog tej saw (nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nyuam ntawm masonry tsim tshwm sim los muaj alternating stretcher thiab bonder series), multi-kab (tsib sequentially stacked stretcher series ligated ib phau ntawv), thiab peb-kab (peb lozhkovyh tooj ligated phau ntawv, nyob rau lub coincidence nqaws tso cai lozhkovyh ibyam ntsug).

Nyob rau hauv lub tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj yog thov ib co ductility thiab dab tsi yog qhov uas yuav tsum tau rau qhov zoo ntawm lub hauv pem hauv ntej sab (nyob rau hauv rasshivku los yog plaster) paub qhov txawv cov kev siv ntawm tej kev brickwork:

- vprizhim. Pw ua rau ib lub hnab yas los yog tsis tshuaj, kab yuav kis tau raws li ib tug stretcher, thiab cov bonder;

- vprisyk. Pw ua rau yas mortar, stitches nyob rau pem hauv ntej sab yog tsis tau kiag li lawm ua tus sau, nws tsis yuav tsum tau siv ntawm ib tug trowel thiab plaster phab ntsa nto yuav tsum tau;

- vprisyk nrog trimming tshuaj. Pw ua rau yas mortar, stitches nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej saum npoo yog kiag li lawm ua tus sau;

- vpoluprisyk. Siv rau kev tso nyob rau hauv lub rov qab filling.

Qhov zoo tshaj ntawm cov masonry yog tswj los ntawm tus ua hauj lwm drawings thiab tsev kev cai. Mason, ua lawv ua hauj lwm, yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tseeb nyuam series, sau thiab leeg thickness, ntsug ces kaum thiab kab rov tav kab, cov kev kuaj pom thiab correctness ntawm installation ntawm lub anchors thiab hlau bonds, nto zoo nyob rau hauv sab - xaiv cib raws li nws cov xim thiab txawv, grouting .