Yuav ua li cas yog fetishism, thiab yog dab tsi nws kawm ces?

Yog hais tias lub fetish - yog ib yam dawb ceev kwv, zeej, tshwm sim, fetishism - ib tug fetish pe hawm Vajtswv. Nws yog to taub, tab sis ntau dhau simplistic, yog li - txheej thaum ub. Inexperienced nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem no rau hauv lub nruab nrab tus neeg ntawm thaum ntxov 21st century, uas tau tsim mus raws li ntawm cov kev cai-keeb kwm outlook, xav txog fetishism li lig niaj hnub tshwm sim. Thiab qhia nws rau nws zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub pe dab pe mlom (qhia cov hnub qub, politicians) thiab cov ntaub ntawv khoom (trademark hom, khoom kim heev cov khoom). Tab sis feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov mus rau lo lus nug ntawm yog dab tsi fetishism yuav tsum tau hnov txog kev sib deev hloov, thaum tus kwv uas muaj siab, adoration, pe hawm txiv lingerie, khau thiab lwm yam ntawm ib tug neeg hlub ib tug.

Fetishism raws li ib tug rite ntawm cov kev pab

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, cov neeg pib mus pe hawm cov khoom, hais, cov chaw txij li thaum nws zoo li rau lub ntiaj teb. Tab sis txawm qhov no ntev keeb kwm, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm science tsis tau tuaj mus rau ib tug ntau nkag siab txog ntawm dab tsi yog fetishism. Austrian W. Schmidt, pom anthropologist thiab kawm, kuv paub tseeb tias rau hauv thaum ntxov ntseeg yam ntxwv tsis yog polytheism, raws li yog feem ntau ntseeg, thiab monotheism. Hais tias yog, muaj ib tug Vajtswv thiab ib txoj kev ntseeg. Fetishism kuj tsis yog ib tug ntseeg tab sis ib tug tej yam yees siv txhais tau tias ntawm kev qhia, nrog rau totemism thiab animism. Raws li cov logic, uas xub tshwm sim kev ntseeg, xwb ces fetishism - raws li ib tug tsim nyog rite ntawm kev pab cuam. Feem ntau cov kws tshawb fawb tsis pom zoo nrog rau qhov no txoj kev xav, thiab kev sib piv no Schmidt tsim nyog counterargument: assumption ntawm tus thawj monotheism txiav ua ib tug tsis kam muab cov evolution ntawm kev ntseeg. Tab sis lawv cov keeb kwm qhia tau hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm cov evolution ntawm polytheism (ntau gods) rau monotheism (monotheism).

Nyob rau hauv thaum pib yog li fetishism. Los yog totems?

Txwv tsis pub nws qhia txog fetishism, lub Frenchman de Bros. Raws li ib tug historian ntawm kev ntseeg, tau ntev kawm lo lus nug no Bros considers fetishism tsis yog ib tug tej yam yees siv txhais tau tias ntawm kev qhia kev cai dab qhuas, thiab cov hiob daim ntawv kev cai dab qhuas nws tus kheej. Lwm yam zaum (Frazer, Durkheim) yog suav tias yog lub feem ntau ancient daim ntawv ntawm fetishism kev ntseeg. Totemism, nyob rau hauv lawv pom, ntau haum rau lub ntsiab txhais no. Muaj cov neeg uas qhia no luag hauj lwm animism. Nyob rau qhov no ncig saib xaus nrog kev tshawb fawb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog raws li ib tug taw tes ntawm view, science tsis muaj. Thaum zaum tsis tau tsim nws, peb yuav kos cov lus xaus rau lub tswv yim uas tau raug tsim los hnub nyob rau hauv cov haiv neeg ntawm lub fetishes thiab totems.

Totems nyob rau hauv teb chaws Africa

Totems muaj tag nrho cov haiv neeg. Qhov no yog ib co dawb ceev tsiaj, ib tug noog, ib tsob ntoo, ib lub pob zeb, uas yog suav hais tias yog patron tsev neeg thiab txawm nws pog koob yawg koob. Tab sis tsis zoo li fetishes, totems tau muab khaws cia tseg lawv cov nqi xwb nyob rau hauv cais pab pawg neeg ntawm teb chaws Africa, Australia, North. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv loj Neeg asmeskas lub zos, thaum ua kom txoj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub pog koob yawg koob ntawm cov tsiaj. Lawv cov chaw tourists feem ntau soj ntsuam cov ritual seev cev uas ua los ntawm cov natives hnav qhov ncauj qhov ntswg los ntawm cov tsiaj. Nrog kev xav txog cov European kab lis kev cai, totem tsiaj ua neej nyob tsuas nyob rau hauv myths xwb thiab kev lis kev cai, tab sis tsis kev cai dab qhuas nco qab ntawm cov neeg. Italians, piv txwv li, lub tswvyim hais ua dabneeg ntawm lub tswvyim hais ua dabneeg ntawm cov founders ntawm Rome thiab tseem yog - tsis muaj ib tug tiag considers nws tus kheej ib tug xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov hma lub Itza.

Fetishism, bigotry thiab ntshaw

Tab sis fetishes nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no tau txais yuav luag ntau nrov tshaj nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm. Thiab nws tseem tsis tau tej yam txaus siab nrog tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm miraculous talismans, amulets thiab charms, uas rau ib tug dlej nqi muaj ntau mushrooming magicians, healers thiab astrologers. Niaj hnub nimno cov haiv neeg yog personified, muab cov supernatural thaj chaw ntawm tej yam, lawv kuj ua. Muaj ib tug tshiab "cai dab qhuas ntawm sensual siab hlob" (Marx), lub ntsiab feature uas - ua qhev kawm. Tej zaum qhov no yog lub feem ntau yog txhais ntawm yog dab tsi fetishism niaj hnub no. Cov neeg yuav luag tsis thov Vajtswv nyob rau hauv lub prestigious tsheb, jewellery, worthless daub ib co zam "ntse heev". Tab sis lub feem ntau cov tawm manifestation ntawm cov niaj hnub fetishism yog pe dab pe mlom. Kiv cua - feem ntau tiag tiag fetishists.