Yuav ua li cas yog gamma rays?

Tom qab tus foundations ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj peev xwm ntawm txawj emission ntawm lub elementary hais (raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm xov tooj cua emission lwj) tau pib mus kawm lawv lub zog. Active kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb fawb rau cov tshiab thiab npaj uas twb muaj lawm paub nyob rau hauv physics coj nto moo Curies thiab Rutherford. Hais tias nws muaj kev tswj kom qhib thawj gamma rays. Tauj lawv xyaum ua tej yam yog yooj yim thiab, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ci ntsa iab.

Lub tawg qhov chaw raug coj radium. Cov tuab-lead capacitance yog ua ib tug nqaim qhib. Tom qab ntawm lub resulting channel twb muab tso radium. Thaum ib tug me me deb ntawm lub thawv perpendicular mus rau lub bore axis photosensitive neeg twb nyob - phaj. Nyob rau hauv cov kis nruab nrab ntawm nws thiab lub thawv nrog tej tshwj xeeb apparatus yuav ua kom muaj ib tug sib nqus teb ntawm siab siv, cov kab ntawm nro uas tau taw qhia kom paub thaum uas tig mus rau lub photosensitive phaj. Tag nrho cov ntsiab dua lwm lub teb generator yog nyob rau hauv ib tug airless ib puag ncig, los mus tshem tawm cov teebmeem ntawm huab cua nyob rau hauv lub atoms ntawm qhov xyaum ua tej tshwm sim. Yog hais tias Rutherford tsis quav ntsej li no taw tes, lub gamma rays yuav qhib lwm tus neeg.

Nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm magnetic cawv rau cov wafer tshwm sim tsaus chaw, cim tias seb thaum lub rectilinear hais tawm ntawm cov tawg (lub lwm yam kev taw qhia tsuas txiav tawm cov hmoov txhuas thawv phab ntsa). Tab sis nws yog txaus kom tshwm sim rau lub magnetic teb, ob lub photosensitive caij ntawm lub system tshwm sim xwb peb me ntsis. Qhov no txhais hais tias yog tej yam hais tawm txim liab los ntawm radium, deflecting teb. Rutherford tswv yim hais tias lub beam muaj tsawg kawg yog peb lub Cheebtsam. Ximxoo sib txawv taw tes qhia tawm tias tus hais ntawm ob kab teeb muaj ib tug hluav taws xob xwb, thiab lub thib peb beam yog electrically nruab nrab. Ntxiv mus, qhov tsis zoo feem ntawm qhov teeb meem tawg deflected ntau pronounced dua zoo. Electrically nruab nrab tivthaiv - qhov no yog qhov gamma rays. Tivthaiv nrog ib tug tsis zoo xwb yog hu ua tus beta-rays, thiab lub xeem, qhov zoo xwb - qhov alpha-ray.

Dhau li ntawm tus fact tias lawv coj txawv nyob rau hauv ib tug sib nqus teb, lub rays muaj ntau zog. Gamma rays yuav tau txeem mus rau hauv qhov teeb meem rau ib tug heev kev deb. Yog li, cov hlau lead phaj ntawm 1 cm tuab txo lawv siv xwb ob zaug. Alpha-beam yuav nres txawm tias ib tug nyias daim ntawv ntawm daim ntawv. Tab sis beta tawg occupies ib nrab txoj hauj lwm: nres lub khiav ntawm hlau muaj peev xwm ua tau ib tug ob peb millimeters tuab.

Nws tom qab sawv tias:

• beta ray yog ib tug kwj ntawm cov tsis zoo them hais (electrons), mus rau ntawm kev kub ceev;
• alpha-ray - ib tug Helium nucleus, ib tug ruaj khov heev tsim;
• gamma ray - ib hom ntawm electromagnetic vuag. Lub emission spectrum ntawm ib tug kab kiag li, txij thaum lub emitting nucleus yog yus muaj los ntawm discrete zog lub xeev. Lawv yog cov nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub tsev ntawm lub zog theem tawm txim liab photons. Lub sij hawm "gamma-ray" yog nce siv tsis tsuas mus rau piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem ntawm tej lwj, tab sis kuj, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, rau tag nrho cov zog ntawm qhov cov electromagnetic tawg uas sau raws nkaus Ii txhua quantum ntawm lub zog yog tsis tsawg tshaj li 10 Txoj Kev Hlub. Yog qhov ntawm no hom ntawm emission yog electrons pog atoms nyob rau hauv cov qauv. Seem zog hloov electrons dua zog. Los yeej muaj, lawv rov qab mus rau ib tug yav dhau los lub xeev, tso tawg nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov X-rays los sis lub teeb (electromagnetic vuag). Lub spectrum ntawm electromagnetic tawg nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm gamma-ray yog tsis tshua muaj me me thiab nqi los tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 5 * 0.001 nm vim uas ntau kom meej meej manifest thaj chaw ntawm tus hais, es tsis.