Yuav ua li cas yog kev kawm phonetics thiab orthoepy? Yuav ua li cas koj yuav tsum tau kawm cov phonetics?

Suab lus, cov qauv ntawm cov phiajcim suab, suab ob peb ua ke - uas yog tag nrho cov uas kawm phonetics. Qhov no science yog ib ceg ntawm ib tug zoo deal ntawm kev qhuab qhia - lug, uas explores lus xws li.

Fundamentals ntawm phonetics

Kom nws dlaim phaj tias kawm phonetics, txaus xav txog tej yam ib tug ntaus ntawv ntawm txhua hom lus. Hauv nws, muaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb kev twb kev txuas ntawm lub sab hauv qhov ncauj thiab sau ntawv hais lus. Phonetics - qhov no yog qhov kev kawm uas tshuaj xyuas cov qauv. Tseem ceeb kawm rau nws yog orthoepy (hais cov kev cai) thiab graphics (sau ntawv).

Yog hais tias koj ntxiv ib zaug xwb daim duab tsab ntawv (cim) thiab nws cov suab, peb tau txais ib tuam tseem ceeb ntawm tib neeg hais lus. Qhov no yog raws nraim li cas kawm phonetics. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws kuj txog cov ntaub ntawv uas sab ntawm hais, hais tias yog, cov cuab yeej siv los ntawm txiv neej nyob rau hauv nws kev hais lus. Qhov no thiaj li hu ua chav tsev ntawm hais - ib tug txheej ntawm cov kabmob tsim nyog rau kev. phonetics kws txawj xav txog cov acoustic yam ntxwv ntawm lub suab, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau tej kev sib txuas lus.

Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm phonetics

Yuav kom to taub li cas kawm phonetics, kuj yuav tsum tau saib nyob rau ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm qhov science. Tus thawj cov kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv cov suab system ntawm cov lus tshwm sim los ntawm lub ancient Greek philosophers. Hais lus ntaus ntawv xav nyob rau hauv Plato, Heraclitus, Democritus thiab Aristotle. Yog li ntawd VII xyoo pua BC. e. qauv sau ntawv nyob, thiab nrog nws -fonetichesky tsom xam thiab sib cais ntawm cov suab nyob consonants thiab niam. Nws tsuas yog lub preconditions ntawm keeb kwm ntawm niaj hnub science.

Thaum lub sij hawm Enlightenment, European zaum thawj nug ib lo lus nug txog qhov xwm ntawm tus tsim ntawm cov suab. Qhov tus tsim ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm zaj cim ua si yog tus German tus kws kho mob Christian Krattsenshteyn. Qhov tseeb hais tias cov kws kho mob tau tho phonetics, yeej xav tsis thoob. Lawv cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev hais lus twb physiological nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Nyob rau hauv kev kws kho mob xav nyob rau hauv qhov lag ntseg-mutism.

Nyob rau hauv lub XIX xyoo pua kawm phonetics twb tag nrho cov lus neeg ntiajteb. Zaum tau tsim ib tug sib piv-keeb kwm txoj kev kawm linguistics. Nws yog los sib piv yam lus rau txhua lwm yam. Tsaug rau no phonetic tsom xam ua tsis tau tejyam los ua pov thawj hais tias cov ntau yam dialects muaj ib qho hauv paus hniav. Cov lus kev faib rau ib pawg loj loj thiab cov tsev neeg. Lawv tau raws li nyob rau hauv qhov sib thooj tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv phonetics, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv cov qauv sau ntawv, cov lo lus, thiab thiaj li nyob. D.

Phonetics ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus

Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi koj yuav tsum paub cov phonetics? Lub keeb kwm ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob qhia tau hais tias tsis muaj qhov kev qhuab qhia yog yooj yim to taub qhov ntawm lub teb chaws cov lus. Piv txwv li, lub Lavxias teb sab lus phonetics twb xub soj ntsuam Mihailom Lomonosovym.

Nws yog ib tug ntau yam kawm thiab ntau tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso kev kawm. Txawm li cas los, lub Lavxias teb sab lus yog ib txwm xav nyob rau hauv University los ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm kev hais lus. Tus kws tshawb fawb yog ib tug renowned orator. Nyob rau hauv 1755 nws tau sau cov "Lavxias teb sab qauv sau ntawv", uas tau raug soj ntsuam phonetic cov me nyuam yaus ntawm lub teb chaws cov lus. Nyob rau hauv kev, tus sau piav cov hais suab thiab lawv qhov. Nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev tshawb no, nws siv qhov tseeb thaum lub sij hawm ntawm European theories lug.

IPA

Nyob rau hauv lub XVIII xyoo pua, zaum ntawm lub qub ntiaj teb tau ntsib nrog Sanskrit. Qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov Indian lus. Nws yog noteworthy tias qhov no lub suab hais lus yog ib tug ntawm cov hiob ntawm qhov tam sim no uas twb muaj lawm nyob rau hauv tus tib neeg lub kev vam meej. Sanskrit muaj Indo-European hauv paus hniav. Qhov no attracted tus mloog ntawm Western soj ntsuam.

Tsis ntev, nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm phonetic tshawb, lawv pom hais tias tus Indian thiab European lus muaj ib tug nyob deb ntau hom lus. Yog li ntawd ib tug universal phonetics. Soj ntsuam tau teem ib lub hom phiaj: los ua ib tug tib cov niam ntawv, uas yuav tau kaw lub suab ntawm tag nrho cov ntiaj teb hom lus. International transcription cov ntaubntawv povthawj siv system yog tswvcuab rau hauv lub lig XIX caug xyoo. Nws tshwm sim thiab yog complemented los ntawm niaj hnub no. Nrog nws cov kev pab nws yog ib qho yooj yim los sib piv cov feem ntau nyob deb los ntawm txhua lwm yam thiab txawv lus.

forums phonetics

United phonetic science yog muab faib ua ob peb seem. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog kawm ib yam txawv ntawm cov lus. Piv txwv li, General phonetics txog cov qauv uas yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub tongues ntawm tag nrho cov haiv neeg. Cov kev tshawb fawb pab kom peb mus nrhiav tau ntau lub ntsiab lus uas siv thiab cov hauv paus hniav.

Piav txog phonetics captures lub tam sim no lub xeev ntawm txhua hom lus. Lub homphiaj ntawm nws cov kev tshawb no yog lub suab system. Keeb kwm phonetics yog tsim nyog rau kev nrhiav txoj kev loj hlob thiab "loj hlob" ntawm ib tug cov lus.

orthoepy

Los ntawm phonetics singled tawm science orthoepy. Nws yog ib tug nqaim kev qhuab qhia. Yuav ua li cas yog kev kawm phonetics thiab orthoepy? Zaum specializing nyob rau hauv sciences, kawm ua tus hais lus. Tiam sis yog tias phonetics yog nplooj siab rau tag nrho cov yam ntawm lub suab xwm ntawm tus hais lus, lub orthoepy tsim nyog nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim los mus txiav txim txoj kev mus lo lus ua si thiab thiaj li nyob. D.

Cov kev tshawb fawb pib raws li keeb kwm. Language yog nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev ib tug nyob kab mob. Nws muaj nrog cov neeg. Nrog txhua tiam tshiab, cov lus twg thiaj li raug tshem pliaj khoom, xws li hais. Yog li ntawd archaisms yog tsis nco qab lawm thiab hloov los ntawm tus tshiab cov kev cai. Qhov no yog raws nraim li cas kawm phonetics, graphics, orthoepy.

pronouncing cai

hais cai nyob rau hauv txhua hom lus ntsia tau rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Piv txwv li, lub unification ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus coj qhov chaw tom qab lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig. Muaj tsis tsuas tshiab pronouncing cai, tab sis kuj cov qauv sau ntawv. Tag nrho cov XX xyoo pua Lavxias teb sab linguists scrutinize remnants uas tshuav nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm.

Language nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws yog heev sis tsis ncaj. Orthoepic qauv nyob rau hauv txhua cheeb tsam sib txawv ntawm txhua lwm yam. Qhov no yog vim muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm dialects. Txawm nyob rau hauv Moscow muaj nws tus kheej lub suab hais lus. Ua ntej tus kiv puag ncig, nws suav hais tias lub cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus, tab sis tom qab ib tug ob peb tiam nws tshaj hloov nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lub sij hawm.

Orthoepy kawm tswv yim xws li suab thiab sis. Qhov ntau hais lus, lub siab yuav uas ib tug tej pab pawg neeg yuav tau lawv tus kheej phonetic cai. Lawv txawv los ntawm cov zajlus txheem ntawm lawv tus kheej variation ntawm lub tsim ntawm grammatical phoneme. Tej cim txheej xwm yog sau thiab systematized los ntawm kws tshawb fawb, ces nkag mus rau lub tshwj xeeb pronouncing phau ntawv txhais lus.

graphics

Ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov phonetics ntawm kev qhuab qhia yog lub graphics. Nws tseem hu ua sau ntawv. Nrog kev pab los ntawm tus tsim kos npe rau system tsau cov ntaub ntawv, uas ib tug neeg xav kom piav los ntawm cov lus. Ua ntej, tib neeg tsuas sib txuas lus los ntawm kev hais lus, tab sis nws muaj ntau yam drawbacks. Chief cov no yog cov tsis muaj peev xwm mus kho nws tej kev xav thiaj li hais tias lawv muaj peev xwm ciaj sia nyob rau tej lub cev nruab nrab (xws li, ntawv). Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm kev sau ntawv hloov qhov teeb meem no.

Graphics txog txhua yam ntawm no complex system ntawm tej yam tshwm sim. Uas tshuaj xyuas qhov kev kawm ntawm cov phonetics nrog no cov zoo txog kev qhuab qhia? Ib tug ua ke ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv thiab cov suab enabled noob neej los ua ib tug unified system ntawm kev hais lus, uas nws sib txuas lus. Interconnection ntawm ob feem tseem ceeb ntawm nws (orthoepy thiab graphics), txhua lub teb chaws nws muaj nws tus kheej. Linguists kawm. tsis muaj dab tsi tseem ceeb tshaj graphics thiab phonetics rau qhov kev nkag ntawm cov lus ntawm qhov. Yuav ua li cas kawm specialist los ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm cov tshuab ob? Lawv semantic units yog cov tsiaj ntawv thiab cov suab. Nws yog lawv - lub ntsiab ntawm txoj kev tshawb tej khoom nyob rau hauv lub lus sciences.