Yuav kom txuas ob tug sib txawv computers ntaub ntawv yuav tsum muaj 7 theem ntawm encryption thiab tib yam - seev suab. Ua zoo rau lawv tag nrho rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, yog li tus tsom xam yuav tsum yog nyob rau tib ib feem - cov gateways. Yuav ua li cas lawv yog, los ntawm txoj kev zoo li cas muaj nuj nqi, li cas hom muaj thiab mnoe lwm yuav xam tau tias yog raws li ib feem ntawm qhov tsab xov xwm. Rau tiav to taub txog ib tug me ntsis thaum uas tig mus kev yuav muaj cuam tshuam los ntawm lub npe. Thiaj tau tuaj nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav zoo dua nrog cov kev hloov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.
Gateways thiab tseem khiav
Piv txwv muaj ib lub tsheb uas zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv ib tug kev network computer. Nrog rau qhov no me me piv txwv, peb yuav nrhiav tau tawm hais tias xws li gateways. Xav Tau piav qhia ntawm lub mechanism, uas muab raws li xws li nws yuav tsum tau ua cov ntaub ntawv kis tau tus mob. Nws hu ua routing. Teem caij rau cov "lo lus uas peb qhov chaw nyob" thiab "lub rooj vag". Thiab kom yuav tsum tau point siv ib tug tej yam lub cuab tam. Hais tias yog dab tsi tus gateways yog thiab yuav ua li cas lawv ua hauj lwm raws li ib feem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tes hauj lwm. Tej zaum yuav muaj peb hom chaw nyob:
- Ib tug tib lub party.
- Network.
- Lub neej ntawd lawv. Nws yuav siv thaum lawv muaj peev xwm tsis muaj ntaub ntawv mus rau tus thawj ob qho kev xaiv.
Tseem muaj peb hom gateways:
- Cov fwjchim luj kawg nkaus.
- Sib txuas.
- MAC-chaw nyob.
neej ntawd hais kev
Digress los ntawm lub npe ib tug me ntsis kom to taub lub lag luam ntawm lub rooj vag. Saib xyuas yuav tsum tau them txhua qhov chaw nyob. Tab sis qhov no yog ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib qhov teeb meem, yog li peb xav xwb lub hauv paus. Thaum lub zos system yog muaj ib tug xav tau rau kev tsim kom muaj ib tug kev twb kev txuas mus rau ib tug tej thaj chaw deb party, accesses lub routing rooj los mus txiav txim yog hais tias nws tshwm sim. Yog hais tias lub hom phiaj yog rau tej subnets yuav tsum tsim kom txuas mus rau nws los xyuas kom meej cov ntaub ntawv hloov lwm lub tsev. Yog hais tias tsis muaj leej twg ntawm cov paub kev tej zaum yuav tsis tsim nyog, siv lub neej ntawd. Nws yog yeej muab rau cov tau, uas siv ib tug tshwj xeeb ntawm lub rooj vag (tsuas yog ib tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub system), uas yog cim nrog tus chij C. Qhia kom meej cov tshuab, uas muaj ib tug ncaj qha kev txuas mus rau ntiaj teb no network (xws li khoom yuav ua neeg zov me nyuam), nrog rau kev cia siab hais tias zaum kawg destination tag nrho cov tib yuav tau pom. Qhov no kis tau tus mob hauv paus ntsiab lus, uas tso cai rau peb kom to taub qhov yog lub rooj vag mus rau lub network, thiab yuav ua li cas ib qho tseem ceeb nws yog los qhia.
Tsoom Tub Rog tus dual-homed
Qhov no yog heev ib qho kev nthuav hom ntawm lub koom haum ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kis tau tus mob, ces tus emulator li ib qho kev zam yuav tsum muab ib co xim. Los ntawm ib tug kev taw tes ntawm view, tej tshuab uas tso cai raws li ib tug network rooj vag, yuav pom tau tias raws li ib tug tswv tsev nrog ib tug dual-homed. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, qhov no lub sij hawm tej zaum kuj yuav siv los piav cov computers nyob rau hauv ob qhov chaw txawv. Yog li ntawd, rau qhov canonicity ntawm rooj plaub yuav tsum tau hais tias tus cav muaj ob Ethernet adapters, thiab txhua tus ntawm lawv tau nws tus kheej qhov chaw nyob nyob rau hauv tib subnet. Txo daim ntawv ntawm cov uas yuav tsum tau tej zaum yuav pab tau kom siv Aliases nyob rau hauv ifconfig (8). Tsis muaj teeb meem li cas txhua yam yog siv, saib lub tshuab yog txiav txim raws li ib lub rooj vag uas yuav siv tau mus nkag rau ib tug txawv subnet. Qhov no embodiment tswvyim yog heev pab tau nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob qhov twg cov kev ruaj ntseg system yog tsim, lub lim packs thiab ua firewall zog nyob rau hauv ib los yog ob cov lus qhia. Nyuab? Cuaj kaum, cov lus teb rau lo lus nug "Yuav ua li cas yog lub Internet rooj vag."
xauv lag luam
Lub rooj vag - qhov no yog ib qho system, ua tsaug rau uas tuaj rau lawv forwarding los ntawm ib tug kev twb kev txuas mus rau lwm lub. Uas xa cov ntaub ntawv uas nws xav tau kev pab rau "paub" yog dab tsi thiab nyob qhov twg koj xav mus nraim. Koj siv tau zoo li qub kev uas yuav paub thiab nco ntsoov txhua lub rooj vag nrog ib tug yooj yim tshua. Yog xav paub ntxiv complex embodiments siv ntau yam coj mus muag khoom thiab kev pab kiag li lawm (routers, routers, servers). Thaum nws tawm los rau cov lus qhia los ntawm ib tug network (lub computer), nws dab cov ntaub ntawv yuav hloov lub encryption raws tu qauv, yog tias tsim nyog, yog li ntawd tus neeg muaj peev xwm mus ntsib nrog rau cov tau txais cov lus. Thaum lub rooj vag tau txais cov ntaub ntawv, nws cov tshev mis rau leej twg nws yog npaj. Yog hais tias qhov chaw nyob muaj tseeb, muaj ib tug hloov lwm lub tsev rau cov ib feem ntawm lub computer thiab cov ntaub ntawv tau nyeem. Nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob qhov twg tus neeg ntawm lwm tus neeg, cov ntaub ntawv mus rau. Yuav ua li cas kuv yuav nrhiav lub neej ntawd rooj vag ntawm lub computer? Ua li no, mus rau lub zog ntawm cov kev twb kev txuas, uas qhia tau hais tias qhov kev xaiv no.
xaus
Ntawm no peb yuav tau to taub dab tsi Gateways thiab vim li cas lawv yuav tsum tau. Thaum kawg peb yuav hais tias yog hais tias koj xav mus tus kheej ua hauj lwm nrog lawv nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lwm yam, nrog vim kev saib xyuas ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm cov teeb meem yuav tsum tshwm sim. Lawv yuav tsuas nce hais tias koj saib, zoo li cas thiab yuav ua li cas npaj rau ib tug kho vajtse tivthaiv, thiab sib sau ua ke / lauj, yog tias qhov kev kawm. Qhov no yog tsis yog tsawg kawg vim lub complexity thereof. Yog li ntawd, nws yuav muaj txaus, yog hais tias koj xav mus kho koj lub computer mus ua hauj lwm tawm qhov teeb meem uas muaj feem rau cov software configuration ntawm cov pab kiag li lawm. Peb cia siab hais tias ntau cov lus nug hais tias xws li gateways nyob.