Yuav ua li cas yog xyaum? Borax: daim ntawv thov. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lo lus "xyaum"

Muaj ntau ntawm cov tshuaj siv los ntawm txiv neej nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm industries. Cov muaj xws li cov kev xyaum. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam, ua liaj ua teb, engineering, tshuaj, lub neej thiab thiaj li nyob. N. yog dab tsi xyaum? Qhov no mineral, uas tseem hu ua tinkalom los yog sodium borate muaj cim zog.

Txheej txheem cej luam

Yog li ntawd dab tsi yog qhov xyaum? Qhov no tshuaj crystallizes nyob rau hauv monosimmetricheskoy system. Nws tsos nws tsa txhua augite. Txhais los ntawm lub Persian nws lub npe txhais tau tias "dawb." Pob tshab xyaum, cov kev siv uas yog sai tau tom qab ceev faj tuav muaju, yuav luag tsis muaj kob los yog me ntsis grayish. Nws yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm ci thiab qab zib, alkaline saj. Cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw yog soluble nyob rau hauv cov dej. Rau lub hom phiaj no, feem ntau yog 1 feem tinkala noj 14 qhov chaw dej. Lub melting point xam tau tias yog yog cov mineral 60,8 ° C. Thaum melting blowtorch nplaim xim nyob rau hauv daj xim, tab sis lub substance nws tus kheej thaum nws dhau mus ua ib tug tsis muaj kob iav.

Cov tshuaj nyob tus yeees ntawm borax

Cia saib dab tsi xyaum nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm Science News for KIDS. Cov compound ntawm mis: Na ₂ B ₄ O _7. Nyob rau hauv feem ntau, nws tshwm sim raws li crystalline Na ₂ B ₄ O ₇ • 10H ₂ O, uas sib raug rau 16% ntawm hydroxide, 37% boric acid thiab 47% dej. Borax yog lub raw khoom rau qhov kev npaj ntawm tebchaw muaj nyob rau ntawd. Zoo tshuaj GOST 8429-77. Nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm sodium tetraborate (borax) yog nkag raws li ib tug dawb crystalline hmoov, uas nws zoo nyob rau ntau yam ntsiab thiab tshuaj purity. Cov khoom los nyob rau hauv ob qib: A (loj feem ntawm borax yog tsis tsawg tshaj 99.5%) thiab B (94%). Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj carbonates, sulfates, hlau thiab arsenic.

Mining thiab tau txais kev xyaum

Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog feem ntau muab rho tawm nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso tej yam kev mob. Yuav ua li cas yog xyaum nyob rau hauv lub sab siab ntawm lo lus? Qhov no mineral belongs rau lub chav kawm ntawv ntawm borates. Nws yog ib yam tshuaj precipitate ntawm qhuav ntsev pas dej. Nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw nyob rau hauv lo lus nug ua ntej los tshwm tom qab nws tau pom nyob rau hauv ib tug Tibetan ntsev pas dej. Los yeej muaj nws nws lwm lub npe - tinkal. Rich xim av ib co California ntiav pas dej, qhov chaw uas nws ua kuj loj muaju. Muag Khoom ua tau raws li kev thiab zaub mov sodium tetraborate.

Nyob rau hauv 1748, borax los ntawm boric acid thiab dej qab zib rau cov thawj lub sij hawm tau txais ib tug Fabkis txoj chemist Enuvil. Thiab nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, ib co tuam txhab uas muag muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm khoom neeg tsim sodium tetraborate decahydrate. Borax nrog nws ob txhais tes yuav tau ua los ntawm neutralizing boric acid nrog sodium carbonate, tom evaporation ntawm cov dej thiab pom. Qhov no txoj kev yog raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv: Na ₂ C0 ₃ + 4H ₃ NPAWG ₃ = 6H ₂ O + CO ₂ + Na ₂ B ₄ 0 _7. Lub thawv yog npaj ib tug dej qab zib kua thiab rhuab rau 95-100? C, stirring tas li. Ces muaj nchuav boric acid. Rau cov tshuaj yog foamed, nws yog ntxiv nyob rau hauv me me. Qhov ratio yuav tsum xws li tias kev daws muaj 16-20% Na ₂ B ₄ 0 ₇ thiab 0,5-1,0% Na ₂ C0 _3. Cov sib tov twb boiled lub rau 30 feeb, lim thiab txias mus rau muab muaju. Dag mineral Science News for KIDS txawv los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso rhombohedral muaju thiab muaj ib tug tsawg heev nqi ntawm cov dej. Nws yuav tsuas yuav siv nyob rau hauv kev thiab kev kho mob daim ntaub ntawv.

Borax: muaj daim ntaub ntawv

Cov kev daim ntawv thov ntawm no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog heev ntau haiv neeg. Borax yog ib feem ntawm flux rau Vuam ntawm hlau, nrog rau nqi. Raws li ib feem ntawm tus nqi yog siv nyob rau hauv lub khob lawm, enamels, glazes, raws li ib qhov chaw ntawm boron oxide yog indispensable. Nws siv rau qhov siv thiab ua antiseptics, tshuaj tua kab, thiab raws li ib tug preservative nyob rau hauv qhov kev ntawm nyoos hides. Borax xav tau electrolytes nyob rau hauv metallurgy.

Tinkal ib feedstock nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua sodium perborate, uas yog lub ntsiab tivthaiv ntawm cov pa-tshuaj dawb tso xab npum hmoov nyob rau hauv hluavtaws tawm. Yuav kom txhim kho txoj kev thaj chaw ntawm tu thiab kev tswj cov kev kawm viscosity, pH, muab lub peev xwm los tsim lub emulsion muaj xws li sodium tetraborate nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg thiab cov muaj tu sawv cev, thiab natirok polishes. Borax yog siv rau qhov siv thiab ua lubricants, nres kua; thiab nws yog ib indispensable nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua dej ntsuab, vim hais tias nws, los mus rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov hlau xeb inhibitor ntaub ntawv ib tug complex compound. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua ntau yam adhesives.

Cov kev siv borax nyob rau hauv lub tsev

Qhov no mineral tau ntev tau siv los ntawm cov neeg raws li ib tug natural caum. Rauj borax yog siv rau npaum tu ntawm kab mob cov khoom. Koj puas xav koj siv tsev dej shone? Tsis lo lus nug: yuav ua kom txaus mus ncuav rau hauv nws 1 khob ntawm av mineral thiab tawm thaum hmo ntuj. Plumbing ntxuav nrog ib tug txhuam hniav nyob rau hauv thaum sawv ntxov, koj yuav tshem tawm yuav luag txhua zog zis ntawm cov pa phem. Nyob rau hauv ib tug aqueous tov ntawm borax (2 h. L. 0.5 l dej) raws li ib tug xab npum.

Qhov no cim tshuaj yuav siv tau rau kev tswj ntawm dev mub thiab kab laum. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob qhov twg cov cab tseg nchuav borax hmoov. Koj tsis muaj kev txhawj txog pa: nyob rau hauv me me qhov ntau nws tsis yog teeb meem rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj.

Yuav kom tshwj kom txhob lub pwm npaj ib tug tuab muab tshuaj txhuam ntawm dej thiab borax. Nws kis tau dua tuaj pwm nto thiab tawm rau 12-24 teev. Dried nplej zom cheb txhuam thiab ntxuav tam sim ntawd tus remnants ntawm cov dej. Qhov cuab yeej no tsuas yog tsim rau kuj dej-resistant chaw. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov xyaum no yog siv nyob rau hauv nrog cov hmoov txhuv nplej rau cov kev kho mob ntawm caj dab looj tsiaj thiab ris. Thiab siv nws nyob rau hauv lub ntxuav tej yam ua los ntawm ntaub plaub (1 hr. L. 1 liter dej). Yog vim li cas? Heev yooj yim: yuav ua rau garments mos.

Siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj

Sodium tetraborate yog siv raws li antiseptic rau gargles, douches, daim tawv nqaij kho mob thiab lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav. Rau lub hom phiaj no, glycerol (20%) los yog aqueous lub ntsiab ntawm borax. Dej cawv dlaws tsis muaj nyob, vim hais tias cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw yog insoluble nyob rau hauv dej cawv. Khaws borax yuav tsum nruj nreem kaw lub thawv thiab tawm ntawm ncav cuag ntawm cov me nyuam, raws li nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau thiab siab ntau nws yuav muaj teeb meem rau kev noj qab nyob.