Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws. Xyoo ntawm tsim ntawm ib tug lub xeev nyob rau hauv Egypt

Cov uas ua ze li ntawm 40 centuries dhau los nyob rau hauv teb chaws Africa Iyiv civilization yog ib tug ntawm cov hiob thiab feem ntau enigmatic ntawm peb ntiaj chaw. Txawm ces, ntawm tus ntug dej ntawm lub Nile lub xeev muaj nrog lawv cov kev ntseeg, kab lis kev cai thiab tus ntaus ntawv. Tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm koj yuav kawm txog cov keeb kwm thiab lub xyoo ntawm lub tsev lag luam ntawm ib lub xeev nyob rau hauv Egypt, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv lub xeev.

protogosudarstva

Lub npe ntawm Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws siv los xa mus rau lub keeb kwm cheeb tsam tsis pub dhau uas tus Iyiv civilization. Xyoo ntawm tsim ntawm ib tug lub xeev nyob rau hauv Egypt yog tsis precisely paub. Ancient civilization sawv ntau 6000 xyoo BC ntawm tus ntug dej ntawm lub dawb ceev dej Nile. Nyob rau ob tog ntawm tus dej twb zos los yog protogosudarstva, uas tau muab impetus mus rau lub ntxiv kev loj hlob ntawm Upper thiab Lower tim lyiv teb chaws. Qhov no lub sij hawm yog xa mus rau raws li pre-dynastic zaum.

Lub V xyoo pua muaj ntau tshaj plaub caug cais kev koom tsim nyob rau hauv lub delta. Txawm tias ua ntej muaj ib lub tsim ntawm ib tug tib lub xeev nyob rau tim lyiv teb chaws, cov pejxeem protogosudarstva twb active. Txhua hais sib haum yog ywj siab. Cov pejxeem yog koom nyob rau hauv kev ntawm cov av thiab cov sau qoob rau ntawm cereals. Cov yooj yim qhov chaw ua nws tau mus koom nyob rau hauv cov lag luam tawm. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, muaj ib cev qhev. Qhev los ua neeg raug kaw uas coj li raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov tub rog raids.

Xyoo ntawm tsim ntawm ib tug lub xeev nyob rau hauv Egypt

Cov kev loj hlob ntawm ua liaj ua teb thiab cov creation ntawm irrigation systems, enabled centralized tswj irrigation qhov chaw thiab ho piv lub neej ntawm neeg nyob hauv zos, accelerating tus tsim ntawm lub xeev. Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws ces yog ib tug noma - cais ywj siab hais sib haum, uas merged mus rau hauv loj formations. South cheeb tsam sawv cev Upper tim lyiv teb chaws, thiab sab qaum teb - Lower tim lyiv teb chaws.

Lub sij hawm, uas yog reckoned thaum pib ntawm lub Egyptian lub xeev, muaj lub npe ntawm ib tug dynastic, txij li thaum nws yog nws leej twg yuav qhib lub centuries-laus dynasty ntawm pharaohs. Ntawm cov kev soj ntsuam assumed hais tias ib tug tib lub xeev nyob rau tim lyiv teb chaws twb tsim txog 3 lab xyoo BC. Upper thiab Lower tim lyiv teb chaws twb sib koom siab thiab tau los ua tus capital nroog ntawm Cheney los yog Thinis (nyob rau hauv Greek). Muaj yog speculation uas ob qhov chaw ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws tau ua ke thiab rov muab faib ua ntej. Qhov chaw sib txawv qhia sib txawv lub npe ntawm tus pas ntsuas uas tsim lub Egyptian lub nceeg vaj, tej zaum nws yog Menes, tej zaum hu ua Ming lub npe.

Lub hierarchy ntawm cov haiv neeg

Nyob rau hauv ancient Egypt, cov vaj ntxwv yog lub meej huab tais. Nws lub hwj chim yog unlimited, nws yog suav tias yog lub ntsiab kav thiab cov tub rog tus thawj coj ntawm Iyiv pawg neeg thaj av. Muaj yog ib tug tshwj xeeb cult ntawm tus vaj ntxwv, vim nws yog tus uas pom nrog rau cov vaj tswv. Vaj ntxwv yuav tsuas xaiv cov neeg mus haujlwm los xaiv cov pov thawj, mus puav pheej lub txim tuag. Txhua kav muaj tej cwj pwm: ib co hwj txwv, bracelets hauv lawv txhais tes, tus tsov ntxhuav daim tawv nqaij.

Vaj ntxwv lub tsev neeg nyob rau hauv lub siab tshaj plaws kev theem. Lub sab tes xis ntawm vaj ntxwv yog Dia. Nws tswj cov nyiaj, cuab tam, archives. Dia, ua hauj lwm thiab cov xib hwb sawv rau lub thib ob kauj ruam - lawv yog cov qab zib ntawm cov neeg Iyiv zej zog. Tom qab lawv nyob rau hauv cov kev sib raug hierarchy yog cov pov thawj - tus pharaohs advisors thiab cov saib lub tuam tsev thiab kev cai dab qhuas cults. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog cov txiav txim hauv chav kawm ntawv ntawm tib neeg.

Tom ntej no, cov tub rog marched nyob rau hauv lub hierarchy, ua raws li los ntawm artisans lawv. Artisans nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj ntawm lub xeev thiab tau them ncaj qha los ntawm lub xeev nyiaj. Qab lawv twb muab tej yam hauj lwm. Ces ua raws li lub peasants, ua hauj lwm tsuas yog nyob rau irrigation canals. Lub hauv qab rung yog cov qhev.

Culture ntawm Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws

Cov kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm ancient tim lyiv teb chaws yog loj txaus. Feem ntau kos duab tsim raws li ib tug kev cai dab qhuas cult. Yeej khoom tsim los rau cov tuag. Paub thoob ntiaj teb pyramids twb tombs, los yog poslesmertnymi tsev pharaohs thiab lawv tsev neeg.

Architectural legacy nruab nrab lub tuam tsev ceg thiab palaces, e.g., Luksorsky tuam tsev. Fine kos duab yog lub cim. Cov paintings nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev, tombs, palaces hauv ib feem muaj xws li tsis tsuas paintings, tab sis, kuj lub cim. Txawm ces, cov Iyi siv cov xim muaj hlau, uas zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv txoj ntsiab cai rau cov niaj hnub. Nws yog tej yam ntuj colorants xws li carbon dub, carbon, tooj liab thiab hlau ore, tov nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb neeg sawv cev uas txhawb toughness. Cov sib tov twb qhuav thiab muab faib ua tej daim, thiab wetted nrog dej ua ntej yuav siv.

Ib tug tsim system ntawm kev ntseeg thiab tej kab ke uas nrog lawv. Lub Egyptians tsis muaj ib tug kev cai dab qhuas. Xwb, nws yog ib tug ntau ntawm ib tug neeg cults. Rau txhua Vaj tswv muaj yog ib lub tuam tsev, uas tsis tuaj txhua txhua hnub thiab mus kawm lub tsev teev ntuj tsuas yog nyob rau cov hnub caiv. Peb nqa tawm thiab tswj lub rituals thiab kev cai dab qhuas pov thawj hnub caiv.

xaus

Vim nws zoo adaptation thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tus dej hav ntawm lub Nile thiab qhov zoo lub koom haum ntawm tib neeg cov kev pab, lub ancient Egyptians twb tau mus tsim ib tug haib tshaj lub xeev. Zaum no tseem tsis paub tseeb txog lub xyoo ntawm tus tsim ntawm ib tug tib lub xeev nyob rau tim lyiv teb chaws. Txawm li cas los, peb muaj peev xwm hais tau tias lub ancient Iyiv kev vam meej tau tshuav ib tug tseem ceeb cim nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm noob neej.