Aristotle, "Poetics": ib nyuag tsom xam

Ib qho ntawm feem nto moo thiab cov poj philosophers thiab thinkers ntawm ancient Greece, Aristotle tau. "Poetics" - lub loj tshaj plaws, tab sis yog tsis muaj txhais tau tias nws tsuas khoom. Lub legacy ntawm Aristotle yog tiag tiag enormous, thiab nws lub neej - yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov txheej xwm.

biography

Feem coob ntawm cov tub kawm ntawv thiab cov menyuam kawm ntawv hnov lub npe ntawm tus naas ej Greek xib fwb, hu ua ob lus muaj tseeb: nws yog ib tug menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm Socrates, thiab nws, nyob rau hauv lem, qhia Aleksandra Makedonskogo. Cov tib kuj nto moo rau Aristotle? "Poetics" yog yeej ib tug tshaj plaws uas tau khaws cia nws lub npe los ntawm lub hnub nyoog, tab sis nws tsis yog tus tshaj plaws xwb uas yuav hais txog tus neeg txawj xav. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias nws tau yug los nyob rau hauv Stagira ntawm 384 thiab 383 U.Nt.Y. Aristotle yuav luag nees nkaum xyoo siv kawm nyob rau hauv lub zoo Academy ntawm Plato. Cov soj ntsuam ntawm cam hais tias, feem ntau yuav, nws nws tus kheej tau qhia tias rau tej lub sij hawm. Tom qab kawm tiav, cov philosopher los ua ib tug pab qhia ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej huab tais Alexander. Tej zaum qhov no txoj hauj lwm , nws yog vim tus kab, ib tug pab pawg phooj ywg ntawm lub hauv Makadaunias huab tais Philip II. Nws yog leej txiv ntawm Alexander. Tom qab lub kev vam meej mus qaum ntuj cov tub hero rau ib lub rooj zaum Aristotle rov qab mus rau nws lub tsev, thiab los yeej muaj tau tsiv mus rau Athens. Muaj, nws nrhiav tau nws tus kheej lub tsev kawm ntawv - "Lyceum". Qhov no lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm lub philosopher xav tau feem ntau fruitful. Ib tug ntau ntawm cov kev sib tham, "metaphysics", "Ethics", "Txoj" - tag nrho cov no thaum Aristotle tsim. "Poetics" yuav tsum tau sau txog lawv nyob rau tib lub sij hawm. Ib zaug nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 323 BC Alexander tuag lawm, cov hauj lwm ntawm lub philosopher nyob hauv zej zog tau qub ho. Nyob rau hauv 322 BC Nws tuag.

creation

Muaj coob tus neeg nyob rau hauv lub minds ntawm lub koom haum nrees zaum: Aristotle - "Poetics." Txawm li cas los, nws yog tus neeg sau ntawm ntau tej hauj lwm. Lawv yuav tsum tau muab faib ua ob pawg: cov exoteric tej hauj lwm, tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov dialogues thiab tej zaum needful rau cov pej xeem, thiab tej hauj lwm sau los ntawm nws tsuas yog rau ib nqaim vajvoog ntawm cov thwjtim.

"Poetics": lub hom phiaj, cov hom phiaj, cov ntsiab lus

"Poetics" Aristotle luv luv Ntsiab lus cov zajlus theories ntawm lub sij hawm thiab teev ib tug xov tooj ntawm aesthetic qauv. Nws yog ib tug treatise mob siab nkaus rau cov ua yeeb yam. Muaj yog vim li cas rau pov plob hais tias muas thaum chiv thawj nws muaj ob qhov chaw, tab sis tus thawj yog tsis fwm. Tam sim no, feem ntau kev tshawb xav yog tias, nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm cov ntawv sau tau nqa tawm ib ncauj lus kom ntxaws tsom xam ntawm comedy. Thaum pib ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm Aristotle muab nws txhais lus rau lub sij hawm "poetics". Tej kos duab, nws hais tias, yog raws li nyob rau hauv mimesis, piv txwv li cov Khixatia xyaum xwm. Tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov paj huam, raws li Aristotle, yog distinguished los ntawm txhua lwm yam los ntawm peb nta:

1. Lawv ua ib tug ntau yam ntawm tej yam khoom.

2. Qhov no yog accomplished los ntawm ntau yam txhais tau tias.

3. Raws li, sib txawv txoj kev yog siv thaum lub sij hawm playback.

Piv txwv li, avletika thiab kifaristika raws li nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo thiab atherosclerosis, whereas cov lus hais creativity mas siv prose thiab 'meter'. Paj Huam Cov ntaub ntawv tej zaum yuav kuj sib txawv nyob ntawm seb lub hom imitation: ib tug epic - nws yog ib lub hom phiaj narrative dab tsi tshwm sim ua ntej, lub lyrics yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub subjective impressions ntawm lub cev, lub yeebyam depicts cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv lub puab. Ces tus philosopher muaj nws cov lus txhais ntawm comedy thiab qee. Tus thawj - ib tug ua hauj lwm satirizes tib neeg foibles. Qhov thib ob - tej yam kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm. Nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm Aristotle, qee sawv los ntawm improvisation. Nws yog txawv, "adorned hais lus", yog li ntawm rau hais: zajlus, thought, scenic ib puag ncig, cov ntawv nyeem cim thiab suab paj nruas muaj pes tsawg leeg. Cov no yog lug siv tam sim no cov nqe lus raws li "peripeteia", "catharsis", "teeb meem", "paub", ua ntej nkag tau los ntawm Aristotle. "Poetics", "rhetoric" thiab nws lwm tej hauj lwm muaj ib tug yawm cawv rau niaj hnub philosophy.