Bitumen - dab tsi yog qhov no? Properties thiab daim ntawv thov ntawm bitumen

Bitumen - qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov hiob lub tsev ntaub ntawv paub rau cov txiv neej. Niaj hnub no, nws siv yuav heev ntau yam kev xaiv. Muaj ntau ntau ntau ntau yam ntawm cov khoom no.

hom

Bituminous tshuaj - yog organic cov ntaub ntawv, uas muaj xws li ob peb hom.

• Ntuj bitumen. Yog ib tug khov khoom los yog khoom khoom uas muaj carbohydrate tebchaw thiab lawv derivatives. Txoj kev uas lawv tsim yog tej yam ntuj tso oxidation kev ntawm roj polymerization. Lawv yog kis nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw ntawm cov roj. Ntshiab ntuj bitumen - yog ib tug tsawg substance.
• Asphalt hom. Qhov no hom yog pom ntau tshaj yav dhau los yog ib tug. Nws yog nyob rau hauv qhov ntxeem tau pob zeb. Lawv crushed thiab pulverized. Thaum nws puv tawm txoj kev bitumen.
• Roj. Nws yog ib yam ntawm cov khoom cua khoom. Nws yuav ua nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm refining. Nyob rau hauv raws li cov txheej txheem kev voj voog hom xws bitumen sib cais rau hauv residual, oxidation thiab ntes.

qauv

Bitumen muaj cov nram qab muaj pes tsawg leeg nyob rau hauv lub classic version:

• 80% carbon;
• mus rau 15% hydrogen;
• los ntawm 2 mus rau 9% ntawm cov leej faj;
• tsis ntau tshaj li 5% cov pa;
• los ntawm 0 mus rau 2% nitrogen.

Cov tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hydrocarbon tebchaw, sulfur, oxygen thiab nitrogen.

Tag nrho cov ntsiab yuav txwv kom muab zais rau hauv peb pab pawg.

1. Khoom tivthaiv - siab molecular yuag hydrocarbons hu ua asphaltenes. Muaj kuj yog khoom Cheebtsam yog paraffins.

2. resins - amorphous cov ntaub ntawv, uas muaj ib tug maub xim av xim.

3. Cov roj feem - yog ntau yam hydrocarbons uas muaj ib tug ntom tsawg tshaj li 1.

Bitumen - nws yog ib tug complex tshuaj nrog ib tug tej piv ntawm tag nrho cov Cheebtsam. Kom nyob rau hauv nws cov luj ntawm asphaltenes yuav ua rau kom lub hardness, brittleness thiab softening kub.

Lub waxes kuj txo tus ductility ntawm bitumen, yog li mloog yog them rau qhov siv thiab ua ib tug txo nyob rau hauv lawv cov ntsiab lus mus rau 5% lossis tsawg dua.

kheej ntawm daim ntawv thov

Nyob ntawm seb lub cev zog paub qhov txawv cov nram qab no teb ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm bitumen:

• kev siv;
• vov tsev;
• waterproofing;
• elektorokabelya ntau lawm;
• Shino-roj hmab technology;
• roj teeb;
• xim tsev thiab varnishes;
• metallurgy;
• uglebriketov ntau lawm;
• Refining.

Cov kev siv tej hauj lwm rau nws tus kheej bitumen yog lub nrov tshaj plaws cov ntaub ntawv uas rau waterproofing ntawm ntau yam khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub cellars thiab qab lawj.

roj txoj kev

Cov kev siv ntawm txoj kev siv los ntawm cov roj av bitumen txoj kev (GOST 22245-90). Muaj ntau ntau hom ntawm tej khoom.

Yuav kom xaiv tau qhov yog hom, peb yuav tsum txhais tau cov hom ntawm kev nyab xeeb cheeb tsam.

Rau tej yam ntuj tso tej yam kev mob uas yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm kub nyob rau hauv lub txias rau lub caij yog tsis ntau tshaj li -20? C nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, yog tsim nyob rau hauv raws li cov GOST txoj kev bitumens xws li BND 200/300, 130/200 BND thiab BND 90/130.

Rau cheeb tsam qhov twg qhov nruab nrab kub nyob rau hauv lub txias lub sij hawm ntawm lub xyoo ntau los ntawm -10 rau -20? C, muab roj av bitumen txoj kev II thiab III ntawm txoj kev nyab xeeb aav ntawm txoj kev. Cov muaj xws li cov saum toj no hom, raws li zoo raws li 60/90.

Yog hais tias lub hli nruab nrab kub thaum lub sij hawm tus mob khaub thuas lub sij hawm ntawm lub xyoo yog nyob rau hauv lub chav -5 rau -10? C, qhov Standard muab rau cov kev siv ntawm cov roj txoj kev bitumen raws li tag nrho cov saum toj no hom, raws li zoo raws li lub BND 40/60, 90/130 BN, BN 130/200 BN 200/300.

Rau tej qhov chaw nyob qhov twg lub caij ntuj no feem ntau yog yus kub tsis qis tshaj li 5? C, tsim roj txoj kev bitumen hom xws li BND 40/60, 60/90, 90/130 BND, BN 60/90, 90/130 BN.

roj

Muaj ntau ntau yam uas yog siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm tsis tsuas yog txoj kev tab sis kuj thaj zog. Qhov no universal hom. Muaj tsuas yog peb hom, uas muaj xws li xws roj av bitumen li BN 70/30, 90/130 BN, BN 50/50.

Raws li zoo raws li cov roj av bitumen txoj kev, GOST uas regulates lub tej yam kev mob ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm txhua tus tsiaj, rau kev tsim kho bitumen ua GOST 6671-76.

Lub sab cov ib puag ncig kub, qhov ntau elastic cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsum tau siv rau kev tsim kho. Qhov no yuav kom nws longevity thiab ntev ntawm lub lag luam.

Roj vov tsev cov ntaub ntawv

Rau ntau yam ntawm tej hauj lwm hauv lub ru tsev installation siv tshwj xeeb bitumen. Properties thiab daim ntaub ntawv nws yog tswj los ntawm GOST 9548-74. Qhov no tus txheej txheem yuav siv cov peb hom vov tsev cov ntaub ntawv:

• BOC 90/30 - muaj xws li ib tug uas raws li qhov uas muaj qhov txheej txheej ntawm lub-ru tsev.
• BNK 40/180 - yog siv mus nqa tawm lub impregnation.
• BNK 45/190 - yog xaiv rau tau txais thiab ua lub vov tsev cov ntaub ntawv uas rau ru tsev.

Yam influencing lub hom ntawm txoj kev cov ntaub ntawv uas

Asphalt txoj kev, GOST uas muab ob peb yam xws li ib tug yam khoom uas yog yus muaj los ntawm ntau yam zog. Txhua muab ib tug tej yam zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj ntawm lawv, defining lub Scope ntawm cov bitumen pom tau hais tias ductility, softening taw tes, brittleness, flashing, viscosity, nplaum zog.

High kub txhawb cov kev nce ntawm cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm bitumen viscosity. Nyob rau hauv txias huab cua nws loses khoom zoo thiab lub sij hawm kho kom sawvdaws xeeb lub thermal ciam yuav nkig.

Nws yuav pab tau kom cov plasticity ntawm qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov roj khoom. Qhov ntau te roj av bitumen, ntau dua qhov zoo ntawm nws chav kawm ntawv.

flashing kub kuj yog ib tug heev tseem ceeb rau ib tug cov ntaub ntawv uas xws li bitumen txoj kev. Standard muab ib tug txheej txheem nqi ntawm no parameter rau +200? C thiab saum toj no. Qhov ntau flashing kub, tus qis flammability neeg sawv cev.

adhesion tus nqi yuav pab kom paub tias yuav ua li cas zoo hlob bitumen puag saum npoo av. Lub siab dua cov qhab nia, cov muaj muaj zog cov ntaub ntawv uas yog cia rau ntawm qhov chaw.

Lub tshuab uas siv cov ntaub ntawv

Thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho ntawm txoj kev thiab lwm cov chaw, lub sov-up technology bitumen. Qhov no txoj kev yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv raws li uas muaj tej yam cov kev cai. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv cov ntaub ntawv uas cov lus dag nyob rau hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib yam khoom uas xws li bitumen. GOST qhia nws tseem ceeb tshaj plaws zog.

Yuav kom ua cua sov rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho thiab kho, ib tug tshwj xeeb lub lauj kaub nrog tuab phab ntsa los ntawm cov hlau thiab hermetically kaw lub hau. Lub thickness ntawm cov khoom yuav cia nws yuav tsum tsis txhob overcooking.

2/3 sau tank. Bitumen ua ntej daus phua rau hauv daim me me luaj li cas.

Cua sov yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug me me hluav taws, thiab melted cov ntaub ntawv uas mus txog rau thaum ib tug homogeneous loj. Thaum lub teb chaws muaj teeb meem yog muab tshem tawm lawv tshwj xeeb sab cib. Reserve reheating kub ntawm 200? C.

Cua sov ntawm ib tug kub ntawm +160 rau +170? C melted bitumen txog li 3 h. Yog hais tias koj ua kom nws mus rau cov kev txwv tus nqi, cov cua kub txheej txheem yuav tsum tau xwb 1 teev.

Bitumen rau txoj kev muaj peev xwm tsis sawv los ua kom cua kub tshaj +200? C, vim hais tias lawv lub zog ntawm qhov no yuav deteriorate. Thaum 220? C pib tsim coke.

Thaum overheated bitumen ua tsis kaj siab daj-ntsuab pa luam yeeb, thiab raws li thaum xeeb tus ciam rau +240? C cov ntaub ntawv uas tej zaum yuav txawm tawg. Ces lub hau ntawm lub boiler ze rau hluav taws tua cov nplaim taws.

Tom qab overheating thiab flashing bitumen txoj kev nws yuav nkig thiab tsis haum rau kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho los yog kev kho.

Cia thiab tsheb thauj mus los

Bitumen cia yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb tso tsheb hlau luam. Lawv yog nruab nrog zaj mechanisms rhuab substance. Cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb chav pub txoj kev tiv thaiv kev flashing khoom vapor.

Yuav kom nchuav tag lub tso tsheb hlau luam yog muab rau hauv qab ntawm tus nqes hav.

Txheej txheem thauj kua asphalt txoj kev, txawm peem rau nrog tshwj xeeb twj uas pumped khoom.

Yog hais tias cov ntaub ntawv uas yog thauj nyob rau hauv cov khoom daim ntawv no, siv tshwj xeeb collapsible daim ntawv.

Thaum lub sij hawm thauj thiab cia muab rau tag nrho cov hluav taws kev ruaj ntseg uas yuav tsum tau, raws li koom BITUMEN flammable. Kom muaj raws li tag nrho cov kev ruaj ntseg cov kev cai, muaj yog tsis muaj kev ntshai ntawm tshwm sim ntawm unpredictable lub sijhawm nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm nrog cov khoom no. Tom qab kev kawm cov khoom thiab ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav ntse thov nws mus rau qhov kev siv ntawm ntau yam chaw.

Bitumen - ib yam khoom uas muaj zoo xws li dej kuj, lub dag lub zog, nonsusceptibility climatic tej yam, tsis muaj suab nrov thiab thermal transparency thiab tsawg tam sim no conduction. Tsaug rau cov khoom, nws yog ib tug nrov heev thiab txhim khu kev qha cov ntaub ntawv uas lub tsev.