Botanical vaj Ras: qhov twg nws yog? yees duab

Botanical vaj ntawm lub teb chaws - lub Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences N. V. Tsitsina xam tau tias yog qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws thiab nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe. Xeem lub caij ntuj sov, nws lom nws 70th lub hnub yug.

zaj dabneeg

Lub keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm lub botanical vaj complex thiab nplua nuj. Tsim raws li inscribed nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv - 1945. Xyoo no, nyob rau hauv pawg neeg thaj av ntawm lub USSR Academy ntawm Sciences nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm Ostankino Park, nws twb txiav txim siab los npaj ib tug tshiab botanical vaj.

400 xyoo nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm "Ostankino" Estates yog impenetrable forests, nyob rau hauv uas muaj tau tawg khiav ri niab lub zos. Tej chaw no twb meant rau yos hav zoov mos lwj thiab Dais lub muaj koob muaj npe huntsmen. Txij li thaum 1558, nyob rau hauv no thaj av uas nws tau yws Satinu Alekseyu Ivanom Groznym, hloov ntau cov tswv.

Txij li thaum 1743 "Ostankino" nkag mus rau hauv lub ob txhais tes Sheremetievs los ntawm sib yuav ntawm Peter Borisovich Princess Varvara Cherkassy. Tom qab tag nrho, lub neej yav tom ntej tus poj niam tau txais ib tug nqi taub hau ntawm ib tug ntau ntawm cov av, nrog rau cov homestead. Tom qab ib lub sij hawm, cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm no cim qhov chaw mus kawm rau lawv tus tub Nikolai Sheremetev. Nws qhia ib tug txiav npluav on grazing, ntov ntoo, yos hav zoov, de berries thiab nceb, thiab yuav tsum tau tswj tsis tau pib nyob rau hauv lub koog "gulyalschikov".

Qhov kawg ntawm tus XIX xyoo pua tau cim los ntawm deforestation, uncontrolled nyuj grazing, uncontrolled kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tsiaj qus thiab cov noog.

Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, kev cai tau raug dhau banning lub ntov ntawm haiv neeg hav zoov tiaj ua si plantings, uas nruj me ntsis ua txawm nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog, thiab qhov no rua cov qub txeeg qub tes "Ostankino".

vaj nroj tsuag

Botanical vaj Ras, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws cov central ib feem, - cim reserved hav zoov av cheeb tsam. Dawb nkag mus rau qhov koog muaj, nws Oaks nyob rau nruab nrab txog 160 xyoo, txawm hais tias muaj cov cim nrws, uas mus txog rau 300 xyoo. Muaj birch, Maple, spruce thiab Aspen, roob tshauv, thiab lwm yam ntoo Kroon daim npog qhov ncauj loj loj fab :. Hazel, buckthorn, honeysuckle, ntxaiv tsob ntoo. Hauv qab hav ntaub pua plag ntawm ilv anemones, lungwort, fragrant Lily, sedge ntxhuav, Chickweed, thiab lwm leej lwm tus. Lawv loj hlob xwb nyob rau hauv ntoo qhib nyuaj, uas yog paub los ntawm tus txheej txheem central Lavxias teb sab broad-leaved hav zoov.

Tag nrho cov collections thiab vaj raug thiab tej yam ntuj tso thiab aesthetically suited rau loj hlob no Oaks thiab birches.

Niaj hnub no, cov Botanical vaj Tsitsin Ras - ib tug 331 hectare cim sau cov nyiaj. Qhov no yog ntau tshaj 18 000 hom thiab ntau yam ntawm cov nroj tsuag los ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm peb ntiaj chaw. Nyob rau hauv 1991, nyob rau hauv ib tug festive chaw ntawm lub ntsiab Lavxias teb sab botanical vaj muaj npe tom qab tus poj academician thiab nto moo botanist breeder thiab geneticist Nikolaya Vasilevicha Tsitsina, uas coj lawv mus rau ntau tshaj 35 xyoo, los ntawm thawj hnub ntawm nws lub hauv paus.

hwv division

Thaum koj tsim tau lub ntsiab hauj lwm yog mus rau lub vaj kho ntawm sab hauv thiab sab nraum zoov teev, uas yuav kom ntau li ntau tau rau kis no los yog tias tej cheeb tsam. Piv txwv li, ua kom pom cov USSR muaj tau ua departments:

- European ib feem ntawm lub Union;

- North Caucasus;

- Siberia cheeb tsam;

- Central Asia;

- Far East.

Nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm cov khej tau tsim tshwj xeeb tej yam kev mob nyob ze rau kev muaj tiag. Xws li: tshwj xeeb ntaub pua chaw pw xuab zeb, pob zeb, pas dej los yog kwj twb tau tsim kom nce lub humidity, los yog hlua li ib tug tshwj xeeb swb. Tag nrho cov nroj tsuag tau cog nyob rau hauv ob peb ua ke uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub tiag tiag xwm.

Botanical vaj ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences rau lub xeem tshiab nroj tsuag tsiaj tau los ua ib tug qhov chaw ntawm creation ntawm cov kev taw qhia me nyuam me.

Raug, uas twb muaj lawm hnub no, tau txais lwm cov npe. Lawv tam sim no tsob nroj exhibits lub Far East, Siberia, Central Asia, Caucasus thiab Eastern Europe.

Ib tug lossis loj cheeb tsam hnub no, koj yuav saib tau lub tundra nroj tsuag, coniferous-deciduous, coniferous, coniferous hav zoov, deserts, steppes thiab meadows.

Xaiv vaj collections yuav tsum tau tseeb tshem tawm ntawm cov nroj tsuag los ntawm cov xwm. Yuav kom qhov no kawg, txij li thaum 1946, expeditions raug xa mus rau ntau yam tej yam ntuj tso qhov chaw ntawm lub Soviet Union. Tshwj xeeb xim raug them nyiaj tsawg los yog hom endangered.

Floristic ntau haiv neeg hauv lub vaj yog lossi hloov. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog varied nws yog nyob rau hauv 1990. Niaj hnub no, lub vaj no yog ib qho chaw ntawm Ras pej xeem thiab cov qhua ntawm lub nroog.

Guests ntawm lub nroog, mus saib ntau yam attractions ntawm lub capital, yuav nco ntsoov rov tuaj thiab nyob rau hauv lub Botanical vaj Ras. Moscow, uas sawv cev rau lub ntsiab vaj ntawm lub teb chaws, muaj saib ntau yam tsob nroj raug.

Raug muaj ntawm Eastern Europe thiab Central Asia, nroj tsuag

Ze li ntawm 6 hectares ntawm ib tug exposition muaj ntawm Eastern Europe. Nws ntau tshaj li 300 hom thiab hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag: txog 20 hom ntawm ntxhov qoob loo, kwv yees li 30 hom ntawm lov tas vau thiab tshaj 200 hom herbaceous nroj tsuag, feem ntau ntawm cov uas tuaj los ntawm lub Carpathians.

Main Botanical vaj ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences yog tus hiob Tsitsin raug Central Asia nroj tsuag. Nws twb nrhiav tau ua ntej tsov rog nyob rau hauv lub Sparrow toj nyob rau hauv lub Moscow Botanical vaj ntawm lub USSR Academy ntawm Sciences. Tom qab tsov rog nws ua tib zoo tau tsiv mus rau lub seem ntawm muaj (nyob rau hauv "Ostankino"). Tab sis nws tau ua siv tau rau cov neeg tuaj xyuas xwb nyob rau hauv 1953. Ntawm no yog peb recreated ntuj botanical thiab thaj tej yam kev mob. Ntau ntau lub roob thiab suab puam struts tsim los ntawm tertiary av nplaum. Nyob rau hauv no tsam pib coniferous thiab deciduous hav zoov, meadows alpine thiab subalpine, grasslands thiab mob rocky toj, thiab ntau hom endangered nroj tsuag. Xav txog ib tug loj ib feem ntawm cov zaub yuav ua tau ib sab saum toj dag slides.

Raug ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm lub Caucasus, Siberia thiab Far East

Ib cheeb tsam ntawm yuav luag 2.5 hectares ntawm cov nroj tsuag exhibition yuav siv sij hawm Caucasus. Nws yog xav paub ntau tshaj 300 hom ntxhov nroj tsuag, nrog rau cov 23 tsis tshua muaj thiab cov hom endangered. Lawv muaj nyob rau ntawm ib tug dag roob struts thiab cov hav zoov tiaj.

Ntau tshaj 200 hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag sau nyob rau hauv kis ntawm cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv Siberia. Ntawm teev hais no ntau tshaj 50 hom xam tau tias yog endangered los yog tsis tshua muaj.

Ib qho ntawm feem impressive collections - exhibition muaj ntawm Far East. Yuav luag 400 hom no tsam muaj nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 8.5 hectares.

Thematic qhov chaw GBS (Main Botanical vaj)

Botanical vaj ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences nyob rau hauv 1950, xaus lub creation ntawm lub exposition ntawm pab qus nroj tsuag. Tag nrho cov perennial grasses cog ridges, nyob rau hauv lub zej zog, coj los ntawm cov xwm. Muaj ob peb hom no raug ntawm lov tas vau thiab ntoo. Organizers, tsim thiab cog nroj tsuag lossis ua los ntawm lawv cov kev faib nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm lawv daim ntawv thov yog raws li.

Thawj feem - yog qhov tseem ceeb roj, lam thiab insecticidal nroj tsuag. Lawv muaj ib cov nyhuv rau lub ntau yam zog nyob rau hauv lub tib neeg los yog tsiaj thiab muaj tshuaj lom zog.

Qhov thib ob yog ib feem - cov nroj tsuag kev ua kom pom tseeb. Qhov no fiber, dyeing thiab tanning. Tej nroj tsuag ua ntej, thiab yog tam sim no siv nyob rau hauv qhov kev lag luam.

Qhov thib peb ib feem - fodder thiab zib mu. Nroj tsuag uas Nog rau domestic tsiaj (hay, silage, pasture).

Qhov thib plaub ib feem - khoom noj khoom haus nroj tsuag tsiaj. Lawv yog tsim los txhawb cov tib neeg kab. Qhov no vitamin, tsw, txuj lom, tshuaj yej thiab nastoechnye.

arboretum

Botanical vaj N. V. Tsitsina Ras tej yam hais txog 1700 tsob ntoo thiab tsob nroj hom. Lawv sau nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub arboretum (75 hectares). Botanical vaj ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences ua tau raws li cov hom toj roob hauv pes ntawm lub tiaj ua si, uas yog, nroj tsuag yog systematized. Qhov no cheeb tsam yog tshwj xeeb yog zoo nkauj nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav rau lub caij nplooj zeeg nplooj caij nplooj zeeg. Tab sis lub caij ntuj no yog tsis tsawg nthuav taug kev ntawm lub snow-capped conifers sheltering beauties.

"Heather thiab cov Japanese vaj"

Lub arboretum muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb exhibition - "Heather vaj". Nws twb coj los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees tshwj xeeb hom ntawm Eric thiab ze li ntawm 20 ntau ntau yam ntawm heather. Nws yog nyob ze ntawm lub laboratory tsev thiab ib puag ncig los ntawm conifers, barberry, spirea thiab rhododendrons.

Tsis muaj tsawg tiag tiag li thiab nws yam ntawm tus kab mob GBS - "Japanese vaj". Peb tsim nws nrog kev pab los ntawm lub Japanese Embassy nyob rau hauv lub capital. Nyob rau hauv cov Islands tuaj tau coj tsawg hom ntawm cov lws suav, ornamental ntoo tsiaj nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam thiab tshuaj ntsuab. Lawv beautifully txheej txheem nyob ib ncig ntawm cov khoom cua pas dej nrog ib tug plurality ntawm cov txuas hniav, pejthuam thiab pob zeb compositions.

Heev fascinating sau los ntawm roses yuav siv sij hawm txog 2.5 hectares.

Xam tias yog priceless cov ntawv luam ntawm lub tsev cog khoom. Lawv mas los ntawm Brazil, Vietnam, Cuba, Madagascar thiab lwm lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub equatorial tsam. Ntau tshaj ib puas tus tsiaj ntawm lawv nkag mus rau hauv lub thoob ntiaj teb Liab Phau Ntawv.

Lub cim kennel nyob rau hauv lub Botanical vaj Moscow

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub ntsiab kev tshawb fawb kev ua si, GBS neeg ua hauj lwm koom nyob rau hauv yug me nyuam rau, yug me nyuam thiab muag khoom ntawm noob thiab seedlings ntawm paub thiab tshiab hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Kennel muaj rau cov muag khoom ntawm cog cov ntaub ntawv uas deciduous ntoo, hmab, shrubs, perennial nyom, clematis thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo. Heev nrov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv lub Botanical Garden ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences. Nqi yog heev tsawg, thiab qhov zoo tshaj ntawm cog cov ntaub ntawv uas yog heev. seedlings yog koom nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv ntawm ob outlets. Ib tug (ntsiab) yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev. Botanical, 31, yam txawv lub ntsiab nkag ntawm qhov tus kab mob GBS.

Tshwj xeeb units ntawm lub Ras

Botanical vaj RAU HAUV Ras. Komarova V. L., nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, nyob rau cov kob ntawm apothecary. Nws yog ib tug faib ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences. Nws keeb kwm pib nyob rau hauv lub XVIII xyoo pua nrog lub apothecary vaj. Nws twb nrhiav tau los ntawm Peter I. Chiv, ntawm chav kawm, yuav tsum rau nws loj hlob lam nroj tsuag.

Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub XIX apothecary vaj yog nyob rau hauv zoo kawg disrepair, rau cov nyiaj txiag them nyiaj yug nyob tag nrho tsis yog. Alexander kuv tau muab nws hais kom ua V. P. Kochubeyu, uas qhia txog ib txoj rau lub reconstruction ntawm lub vaj. Tam sim no nws tau ua lub ntsiab kom pom tseeb ntawm nws kev tshawb fawb kev ua ub no. Lub ntawm lub apothecary vaj yuav luag ob npaug. Txawm pib npaj scientific expeditions. Garden nquag tsim txog rau thaum pib ntawm lub XX caug xyoo.

Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov kev ua koob tsheej ntawm lub bicentenary ntawm lub Botanical Garden nyob rau hauv 1913, nws tau muab lub npe ntawm Petra Velikogo. Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, nws tau los ua lub ntsiab botanical vaj ntawm Lavxias teb sab Soviet koom pheej. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws imperial residences thiab private greenhouses tau kis.

Nyob rau hauv 1930 lub vaj reassign lub USSR Academy ntawm Sciences. Cov nram qab no xyoo, nws merged nrog lub Botanical Tsev khaws puav pheej. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub Botanical lub koom haum yog tsim los pab. Thaum lub sij hawm lub blockade, txawm lub dag zog ua hauj lwm, hauv lub vaj twb phem heev puas. Yog li ntawd, nws kim heev kho ua hauj lwm twb nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub post-tsov rog lub sij hawm. Tam sim no qhov no yog ib tug lossis loj vaj-arboretum. Nws yog heev fond ntawm St. Petersburg cov pej xeem thiab cov neeg tuaj xyuas uas xwm yeem.

Lwm cim division ntawm lub Academy ntawm Sciences - lub UC Botanical vaj Ras. Nyob rau hauv lub koom pheej ntawm Bashkortostan. Tus vaj yog ib tug ntev thiab nyuaj txoj kev ntawm txoj kev loj hlob.

Niaj hnub no, nws muaj ib tug loj sau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, boasts kaj scientific tau nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov tsiaj qus hom muaj ntawm cov koom pheej thiab yug me nyuam ntawm ornamental nroj tsuag.

xaus

Tam sim no koj paub tias qhov twg mus yog hais tias koj hlub xwm, paj thiab nroj tsuag. Botanical vaj IB Tsitsin Ras - qhov no yog tiag tiag ib qho kev nthuav qhov chaw mus xyuas.