Carl Maria von Weber - lub composer, qhov tus tsim ntawm German Romantic opera: biography thiab tej hauj lwm

Carl Maria von Weber - ib tug naas ej German composer thiab tshuab raj ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua, yog ib tug nkauj muam nraug nus ntawm tus poj niam ntawm Mozart. Nws pab heev rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov suab paj nruag thiab ua yeeb yam. Ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm Romanticism nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm ntawm lub composer pib nws opera.

Carl Maria von Weber: A Biography. thaum yau

Carl yug nyob rau hauv ib tug me me German nroog ntawm Eutin (Holstein). Nws tshwm sim kev tshwm sim Hlis ntuj nqeg 18, 1786. Nws txiv yog Frants Veber, distinguished los ntawm txoj kev hlub rau cov suab paj nruag. Nws tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug ua lag luam nyob rau hauv ib tug mus txawv tebchaws ua yeeb yam troupe.

Childhood ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej musicians ntawm yav dhau los ntawm cov nomadic ua yeeb yam lam. Qhov no zoo ntawm cov cua yog tau pab thiab txiav txim tus me nyuam tub yav tom ntej. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib tug ua yeeb yam troupe instilled nyob rau hauv nws kev txaus siab rau tus ua txoj-suab paj nruas lwm yam thiab kuj tau muab txoj kev paub ntawm cov kev cai ntawm cov suab paj nruas scene thiab cov specifics ntawm Txaus ntshai Art.

Thaum ib tug hluas uas muaj hnub nyoog, Weber kuj nquag ntse thiab xav nyob rau hauv painting. Txawm li cas los, leej txiv thiab tus tij laug sim ntau me ntsis txog cov nws lub suab seev. Franz, nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub qhov ncig teb chaws, yog muaj peev xwm muab nws tus tub ib tug zoo suab paj nruas kev kawm ntawv.

Tus thawj muaj pes tsawg leeg

Nyob rau hauv 1796, Carl Maria von Weber kawm piano nyob rau hauv Hildburghausen, ces koom nyob rau hauv Salzburg tsim counterpoint nyob rau hauv 1707, ces nyob rau hauv Munich los ntawm 1798 mus 1800 nws kawm muaj pes tsawg leeg kos duab nyob rau hauv lub tsev hais plaub organist Kalheroma. Thaum lub sij hawm cov xyoo, nws coj hu nkauj qhia.

Carl tiag xav nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1798 nws yog nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm Y. M. Gaydna txawm tsim ob peb Fughettas Keyboard. Nws yog tus thawj ntawm cov composer. Yuav ua li cas yog ceeb, tab sis lub opera Carl Maria von Weber kuj tau pib sau heev thaum ntxov. Cia li tom qab lub ob fugues nyob nws loj tsim yaam tshab, uas yuav sib tham txog hauv qab no, raws li zoo raws li ib tug loj loj, Allemande, Ecossaises, humorous canons. Tab sis feem ntau twb tau Singspiel "Peter Schmoll thiab nws cov neeg nyob ze", tsim nyob rau hauv 1801. Nws yog qhov no ua hauj lwm tau nyiaj li kev pom zoo los ntawm Johann Michael Haydn.

siab txoj hauj lwm

Nyob rau hauv 1803 muaj ib tug tseem ceeb txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej tsim ntawm German Romantic opera. Xyoo no Weber tuaj txog nyob rau hauv Vienna tom qab ib tug ntev kev mus ncig thoob plaws lub teb chaws Yelemees. Ntawm no nws raws li ib tug heev nto moo nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm music xib fwb Abbé Vogler. Tus neeg no sai sai sau qhov khoob uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruas thiab theoretical kev txawj ntse ntawm Charles, thiab coj lawv replenishment. Lub composer ua hauj lwm nyuaj thiab heev nqi zog. Nyob rau hauv 1804 nws, ib tug tub hluas ntawm kaum xya, coj kopelmeysterom, piv txwv li lub taub hau, nyob rau hauv Breslau Opera, ua tsaug rau lub patronage Vogler. Qhov kev tshwm sim cim ib tug tshiab lub sij hawm ntawm creativity thiab lub neej Weber, uas muaj xws li cov nram qab no lub sij hawm ncej - los ntawm 1804 mus 1816.

Thaum pib ntawm lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws lub sij hawm ntawm creativity

Music Karla Marii von Weber lub sij hawm no niaj ib tug loj evolution. Nyob rau hauv kev, vim 1804, tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm ntawm lub composer hloov. Thaum lub sij hawm no, nws ntxiv aesthetic views thiab outlook Weber thiab suab paj nruas txuj ci manifests nws tus kheej feem ntau kom meej meej.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Carl pom ib tug tiag tiag txuj ci raws li ib tug organizer nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm cov suab paj nruas ua yeeb yam. Thiab patrols nrog lub troupe nyob rau hauv Prague thiab Breslau qhib nws tus neeg xyuas pib tus muaj peev xwm. Tab sis Weber yog tsis txaus lug tau sai dlua lub classical kev lig kev cai, nws thov kom hloov tag nrho thiab muaj tseeb. Yog li ntawd, nws, raws li ib tug neeg xyuas pib, tau hloov nyob rau hauv lub opera orchestra musicians kom qhov chaw kawm ntawv. Tam sim no lawv grouped raws li lub hom suab paj nruag. Qhov no composer ntawm orchestral xav lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev pab, uas yuav nrov nyob rau hauv lub 19th thiab 20th centuries.

Lawv bold hloov kaum yim Weber defended nrog tag nrho cov ardor ntawm cov hluas, txawm cov kuj ntawm lub musicians thiab hu nkauj uas xav kom tau khaws cia rau hauv lub lig kev cai, dabneeg nyob rau hauv German theaters.

Lub ntsiab yam khoom ntawm lub sij hawm no

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1807-1810 pib nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruas thuam thiab txawj ua hauj lwm ntawm Carl Maria von Weber. Nws pib sau xyuas thiab khoom hais txog cov ua thiab suab paj nruas tej hauj lwm, pib lub tshiab hu ua "Lub neej tshuab raj" rau nws sau Abstracts nws tus kheej sau.

Tej hauj lwm sau thaum lub sij hawm lub composer tus thawj tswv yim lub sij hawm, cia peb mus saib yuav ua li cas maj zog lawm yav tom ntej manifest sijhawm ntawm ib tug paub tab thiab loj style ntawm tus sau. Thaum lub sij hawm no, cov coob tus nqi nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov kos duab tau suab paj nruas ua txoj hauj lwm Weber, cov uas:

• Singspiel "Abu Hassan".
• "Silvana" opera.
• Ob tug symphonies thiab ob cantatas Untitled.

Tsis tas li ntawd thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov overtures, zaj nkauj, Arias, choruses, etc.

Dresden lub sij hawm

Thaum pib ntawm 1817 Carl Maria von Weber yog tus neeg xyuas pib ntawm lub Dresden "Deutsche Oper". Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo nws yuav Kerolayn Brandt, ib tug opera singer.

Los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd, qhov tseem ceeb thiab lub xeem lub sij hawm ntawm lub composer, uas kawm tiav nyob rau hauv 1826 thiab nws txoj kev tuag. Thaum lub sij hawm no ib tug heev mob siab heev cim yuav siv sij hawm xyuas pib thiab lub koom haum kev ua si Weber. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws yuav tsum tau stolknutsya teeb meem raws li neeg xyuas pib thiab tus thawj coj. Innovation Karla Marii pheej tawm tsam theatrical kev lig kev cai dominates yuav luag ib nrab xyoo, raws li zoo raws li F. Morlakki, neeg xyuas pib ntawm Italian opera lub tuam txhab nyob rau hauv Dresden. Txawm tias tag nrho cov no, Weber twb tau mus sib sau ua ke ib tug tshiab German opera neeg tuag. Ntxiv mus, nws muaj peev xwm muab ib co zoo heev ua yeeb yam, tsis hais ntawm tua kab mob kawm ua hauj lwm.

Tab sis tsis txhob xav hais tias Weber composer muab txoj kev mus rau lub Weber-Kapellmeister. Nws muaj kev tswj kom muab ob ntawm cov luag hauj lwm thiab brilliantly tiv nrog lawv. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm no tuaj mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no qhov zoo tshaj plaws tsim yaam tshab ntawm tus tswv, nrog rau nws tus nto moo tshaj plaws opera.

"Der Freischütz"

Cov zaj dab neeg hais nyob rau hauv no opera, hnub rov qab mus rau lub pej xeem dab neeg hais txog yuav ua li cas txiv neej muag nws tus plig kom dab ntxwg nyoog rau cov khawv koob hmoov av uas tau pab nws yeej kev sib tw shooters. Ib tug nqi zog yog tus sib yuav mus rau lub zoo ntxim nyiam kawg poj niam, uas yog nyob rau hauv kev hlub nrog tus hero. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub opera nws twb embodied ib yam dab tsi uas yog nyob ze thiab paub rau hauv lub plawv ntawm lub German. Weber xwm qhov yooj yim lub zos lub neej nrog sentimental naivety thiab tsis paub kev lom zem. Bewitched hav zoov thiab zais nyob rau hauv ib tug maj mam luag otherworldly ntshai heev thiab muaj nqi heev los ntawm lub zos cov ntxhais thiab cov cheer zoov, xaus valiant princes thiab ncaj ncees.

Qhov no bizarre zaj dabneeg merged nrog zoo suab paj nruag, thiab tag nrho cov no tau los ua ib tug iav ntawm txhua txhua German. Nyob rau hauv no ua hauj lwm Weber tsis tau tsuas yog tso ib tug German opera los ntawm lub Italian thiab Fabkis, tiam sis yog tau nteg lub lub hauv paus ntawm qhov kev operatic daim ntawv ntawm 19 xyoo pua.

Lub premiere coj qhov chaw nyob rau 18 Lub rau hli ntuj 1821 thiab muaj zoo kawg zoo nrog cov neeg tuaj saib, thiab Weber los ua ib tug tiag tiag lub teb chaws hero.

Tom qab ntawd, lub opera tau raug lees paub tias raws li lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws creation ntawm lub teb chaws German romantic ua yeeb yam. Composer, raws li nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem singspiel, siv ib tug ntau suab paj nruas cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav saturate lub chaw ua hauj lwm thiab puas siab puas ntsws ua yeeb yam. Ib tug zoo qhov chaw yuav mus xeem tus opera ntxaws suab paj nruas portraits ntawm cov cim thiab scenes ntawm lub neej txhua hnub, txog rau German pej xeem songs. Heev kom meej meej nws twb qhia suab paj nruas ua hauj lwm thiab zoo heev lub sijhawm uas nws vim lub richness ntawm lub orchestra uas tsim los ntawm Weber.

Tus qauv ntawm lub opera thiab nws cov suab paj nruas nta

"Der Freischütz" pib nrog cov Overture, uas yog yeej los ntawm ntws suab paj nruag tshuab raj. Ua ntej lub spectator yog twv mysterious romantic daim duab ntawm lub hav zoov, hnov lub paj huam ntawm ancient mus yos hav zoov tales. Lub ntsiab yog ib feem ntawm lub Overture piav combating opposites. Xaus nkag solemnly majestic coda.

Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov thawj ua yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm loj zoo siab scenes. Peb pom ib daim duab ntawm cov neeg pluag cov hnub caiv, txig recreated ua tsaug rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub suab qw, folk music motifs. Suab paj nruag suab li yog hais tias nws yeej plays lub zos musicians thiab rustic yooj yim waltz yog yus muaj los ntawm simplicity thiab naivete.

Nrog rau cov nyiaj so koobtsheej nyob rau hauv ntse zoo Aria gamekeeper Max, uas yog tag nrho ntawm kev ntxhov siab vim thiab tsis meej pem. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub rooj thib ob zaj nkauj jaegers Caspar nyias hnov mob atherosclerosis inducing ib tug sai kev txiav txim.

Qhov thib ob ua yog muab faib ua ob daim duab, contrasting nrog txhua lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv thawj ib feem peb hnov thawj lwj liam Arietta Angel, uas yog siv rau shading ntawm kev coj dawb huv thiab qhov tob ntawm lawm nws tus phooj ywg ntawm Agatha. Cov duab no yog tag nrho ntawm alternating song melodies thiab kev paub qhia lo recitatives, uas pab kom to taub tus hluas nkauj tus cwj pwm txawv. Qhov kawg ib feem yog lawm ua tus sau nrog kev xyiv fab, lub teeb thiab brilliance.

Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lub thib ob daim duab pib nce tus ua txoj nro. Thiab lub ntsiab lub luag hauj lwm yog muab rau tus orchestra. Chords suab txawv txawv, npub thiab tu siab heev, nqa ntshai, thiab cov neeg sab nrauv yog muab zais los ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib paab chorus tseem pab tsis. Weber ua tau zoo stunningly ntseeg suab paj nruas duab ntawm rampant kev phem thiab tej ntsujplig phem rog.

Qhov thib peb ua yog tseem muab faib mus rau hauv ob daim duab. Thawj immerses tus tuav nyob rau hauv ib tug twj ywm thiab idyllic cua. Tog Agatha riddled nrog poetic melancholy lub teeb, thiab girlfriends hu nkauj ua ke yog xim nyob rau hauv cov mos mos tones, qhov twg lub siab ntawm lub teb chaws motives.

Qhov thib ob lub zog yuav qhib nrog ib tug paab chorus tseem muaj neeg tua tsiaj, nrog lub suab ntawm kev yos hav zoov tshuab raj. Nyob rau hauv no hu nkauj ua ke yuav tau hnov German pej xeem tunes, uas tom qab tau thoob ntiaj teb chaw.

Xaus lub opera unfolded khaub ncaws ntau scene nrog lub paab chorus tseem, nrog kev xyiv fab suab paj nruag, ib tug leitmotif khiav los ntawm tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm.

Creation ntawm "Oberon" thiab lub xeem hnub ntawm lub neej

Fairytale opera "Oberon" sau nyob rau hauv 1926, nws tau ua kom tiav ib tug series ntawm zoo nkauj operatic tej hauj lwm ntawm lub composer. Weber sau nws nyob rau hauv thiaj li muab rau nws tsev neeg. Lub composer paub hais tias tsis ntev yuav tuag, thiab tsis muaj ib tug yuav ua tau ntau los saib xyuas cov uas lawv hlub.

"Oberon" nyob rau hauv nws lub cev yog sib txawv kiag li los ntawm cov ib txwm style ntawm Weber. Rau ib composer uas yeej ib txwm advocated qhov merger ntawm lub opera nrog lub theatrical kos duab, tej hauj lwm ntawm cov qauv yog unwieldy. Txawm li cas los, qhov no xyov opera Weber muaj peev xwm mus tsim lub feem ntau exquisite music. By kawg ntawm kev sau ntawv "Oberon," lub composer lub noj qab haus huv tau qub thiab nws yuav tsis yog mus kev, tsis tau Carl Maria tsis nco lub premiere. Opera tau raug lees paub tias ib zaug dua los critics thiab audiences qhuas Weber tus txuj ci.

Tu siab, nyob composer tsis nyob ntev. Ob peb hnub tom qab lub premiere nws twb pom tuag. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj 5, 1826 nyob rau hauv London. Tib hnub ntawd, Weber twb mus rov qab mus tsev teb chaws Yelemees.

Nyob rau hauv Dresden nyob rau hauv 1861 yog ib tug monument rau Weber.

Thawj cov hluas Opera

"Ntsiag to hav zoov Hluas nkauj", tus thawj loj ua hauj lwm ntawm lub composer, tsim nyog tshwj xeeb mention. Lub premiere coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv 1800 nyob rau hauv Freiburg. Txawm tias nws cov hluas thiab inexperience ntawm tus sau, nws yog ib qhov zoo thiab muaj gained Vocabulary. Peb yuav hais tias qhov no staging ntawm no ua hauj lwm yog thaum pib ntawm lub composer cov hom hauj lwm, Weber.

Raws li rau opera, nws twb tsis tau tsis nco qab lawm rau ib ntev lub sij hawm thiab mus rau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv theatrical cov kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv Prague, Vienna, St. Petersburg thiab lwm lub zos nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

lwm yam tej hauj lwm

Weber tshuav ib tug nplua nuj artistic cuab yeej cuab tam, daim ntawv no tag nrho nws yog suab tsis yooj yim sua. Tab sis qhia rau peb nco ntsoov lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm nws tej hauj lwm:

• 9 yeeb yam, xws li "Peb Pinto", "Ryubetsal", "Silvana", "Euryanthe".
• Lub suab paj nruas accompaniment rau xya ua txoj ua.
• Lub suab qw suab solo thiab tej hauj lwm xws li 5 masses, ntau dua 90 zaj nkauj tshaj 30 lossis cantatas 9, hais txog 10 kev kho mob pej xeem songs.
• Piano tej hauj lwm: Sonata 4, 5 plays, 40 duets thiab seev cev, 8 mus ntawm variation.
• Hais txog 16 concerts rau piano, Clarinet, kub thiab bassoon.
• 10 tej hauj lwm rau orchestra thiab 12 rau chamber khaub ncaws ntau.

nthuav lus tseeb

Weber composer yog heev ib extraordinary cwm pwm nrog nws tus kheej cov yam ntxwv, zoo thiab tsis zoo.

Piv txwv li, nws ntxub lwm tus neeg lub koob meej. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog saib tsis Kuv tau mus Rossini. Weber lossi qhia cov phooj ywg uas lub suab seev ntawm Rossini lub worthless, nws tsuas yog lub hom uas yuav tsum tau tsis nco qab lawm nyob rau hauv ib tug ob peb xyoos.

Tragic kev huam yuaj coj mus rau lub fact tias Weber poob nws zoo nkauj lub suab. Ib zaug nyob rau Breslau composer tos noj hmo txhua lwm yam, thiab tsis txhob nkim lub sij hawm, nws zaum ua hauj lwm. Weber sai sai thiab txiav txim siab sov tuaj txias pas ntawm cawu cub. Tab sis vim hais tias ntawm lub tsaus ntuj zuag nws mistook ib lub hub nrog ib tug haus dej los ntawm ib tug nyob rau hauv uas nws txiv tau sulfuric acid. Lub composer coj ib tug pas thiab poob lifeless. Thaum nws tus phooj ywg tuaj, ces nws khob tsis muaj ib qho qhib, tab sis lub qhov rais yog lub teeb. Nws hu ua rau kev pab, muaj kev tswj kom qhib lub qhov rooj, thiab Weber sai sai coj mus rau lub tsev kho mob. Cov kws kho mob rua lub neej ntawm lub composer, tab sis lub qhov ncauj, caj pas thiab vocal cords tau li hlawv tias tus so ntawm nws lub neej twb yuam kom hais lus xwb nyob rau hauv ib tug ntxhi.

Weber yog heev fond ntawm cov tsiaj. Nyob rau hauv nws lub tsev peb nyob ib tug aub, ib tug miv, ib tug ntau yam sib txawv ntawm cov noog thiab txawm ib tug liab Capuchin. Qhov tseem hlub Indian composer uab lag uas yuav hais. "Good yav tsaus ntuj"

Weber txawv egocentrism. Nws yog li ntawd fond ntawm nws tus kheej, txawm sau nyob rau hauv lub pseudonym ntawm laudatory cov khoom hais txog nws tus kheej, los ntawm lub sij hawm rau lub sij hawm raug luam tawm nyob rau hauv ntawv xov xwm. Tab sis qhov no tsis tau nres. Lub composer nws tus kheej yog li ntawd fond ntawm, uas peb ntawm nws cov plaub cov me nyuam hu ua lawv lub npe: Maria Carolina, Carl Maria, Karolina Mariya.

Yog tsis muaj ib tug tsis ntseeg, Weber yog ib tug heev ntse tshuab raj thiab composer uas tau ua ib tug invaluable pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm German kos duab. Yog, qhov no tus txiv neej yog tsis muaj nws cov flaws, thiab txawv saib iav heev, tiam sis txhua txhua ntse heev ntawm lawv cov quirks.