"Chloramphenicol": cov lus qhia rau kev siv. Ncos "chloramphenicol"

Yuav ua li cas yog ib yam tshuaj compound raws li chloramphenicol? Cov lus qhia rau kev siv ntawm formulations raws li nyob rau hauv no cov ntaub ntawv uas, yuav hais hauv qab no. Peb kuj qhia koj hais txog dab tsi lub thaj chaw ntawm qhov cuab tam, ib lub lag luam lub npe, nws yog, los ntawm uas nws yog xeem, thiab hais txog. D.

Txheej txheem cej luam

Yuav ua li cas cov khoom yog xam qhovkev rau xws tshuaj raws li chloramphenicol? Cov lus qhia rau kev siv qhia tias nws yog kaj tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub pab pawg neeg ntawm tshuaj tua kab mob amphenicols. Qhov loj tshaj antibacterial thaj chaw nws muaj nws laevorotatory isomer.

Hais tias compound yog ib tug siv lead ua tsis tsw thiab xim. Nws yog tsis zoo soluble nyob rau hauv dej, tab sis nkag soluble nyob rau hauv propylene glycol, pyridine, ethylene glycol thiab ethanol. Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog siv raws li ib tug tshuaj tua kab mob xwb tsis nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj husbandry.

Nyob rau hauv dab tsi lub npe koj yuav tau nyob tej chaw muag tshuaj chloramphenicol? Trade lub npe ntawm lub cuab tam suab zoo li "chloramphenicol".

Saib tivthaiv twb xub tsim nyob rau hauv 1940 los ntawm Streptomyces venezuelae. Niaj hnub no qhov no tshuaj tua kab mob yuav npaj los ntawm styrene los ntawm 10-kauj ruam synthesis.

Xam tias yog ib tug yeeb tshuaj yog zoo txaus. Txawm li cas los, nws yog ib yam tshuaj lom thiab yog feem ntau qhov ua rau ntawm lub phiv tshua.

Medicaments muaj ib tug chloramphenicol (tradename twb hais saum toj no) yuav ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug tshuaj pleev, dauv, tov rau intramuscular thiab tso dej cov thawj coj, raws li zoo raws li cov ntsiav tshuaj thiab tsiav tshuaj.

pharmacodynamics

Yuav ua li cas puas chloramphenicol? Cov lus qhia rau kev siv cov ntawv qhia hais tias tus neeg sawv cev muaj peev xwm sawv cuam tshuam protein synthesis dab kab mob los ntawm inhibiting ib qho enzyme xws li dioxo-peptidyl transferase. Peb tsis tau hais tias chloramphenicol muaj ib tug cim bacteriostatic nyhuv. Nws yog active streptococci, loj cov kab mob, kab-tsis zoo kab mob thiab stafilokkok. Ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm no tshuaj tua kab mob yog qhov tseeb hais tias nws adversely muaj feem xyuam rau lub lim uas yog resistant rau sulfonamides, penicillin thiab streptomycin. Nrog hais txog kam rau ua, mus rau yeeb tshuaj xam tau tias yog nws tsim heev maj mam.

tshuaj

Tsis chloramphenicol absorbed? Cov lus qhia rau kev siv qhia tias lub qhov ncauj thawj coj ntawm lub yam khoom uas yog sai absorbed los ntawm tus mob huam ntawm cov tshuaj. Maximum chloramphenicol concentration tiav tom qab peb teev, thiab nws cov bioavailability yog 90%.

Kwv yees li ib nrab ntawm cov yeeb tshuaj uake rau cov ntshav proteins.

Chloramphenicol yog metabolized nyob rau hauv daim siab thiab yog tso zis rau peb teev los ntawm ob lub raum, thiab kuj ua ke nrog rau cov kua tsib thiab faeces. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg hais tias qhov no compound yog hydrolyzed nyob rau hauv lub plab, ua rau tsim ntawm tsaug zog metabolites.

Lub zos daim ntawv thov ntawm cov medicament los yog nws cov kev sib cuag nrog lub conjunctival sac nws muaj ib tug tsawg degree ntawm muaj quag haum. Tab sis nyob rau tib lub tshuaj tua kab mob nws tsim rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij nto los yog nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag kua txaus concentration pab bacteriostatic kev txiav txim.

indications

Yuav ua li cas yog lub hom phiaj kho tsiav tshuaj los yog ntsiav tshuaj "chloramphenicol"? Chloramphenicol rau qhov ncauj siv nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm typhoid, paratyphoid, salmonellosis nyob rau hauv generalized daim ntawv no, ntau rickettsial kab mob, brucellosis, tularemia, dysentery, lub hlwb ua paug thiab meningococcal kab mob.

Tsis tas li ntawd qhov no txhais tau yog feem ntau tus kws kho rau cov neeg mob nrog chlamydia, trachoma, pyogenic mob mob, peritonitis, ehrlichiosis, inguinal lymphogranuloma, ntau yam kab mob, cov kua tsib thiab mob txeeb zig, yersiniosis.

Uas hlub cov kab mob ntawm lub txheej chloramphenicol? Tshuaj pleev tshuaj rau cov qhov txhab, daim tawv nqaij kab mob, boils, kub nyhiab, venous ulcers thiab bedsores. Tsis tas li ntawd nws yog siv nyob rau hauv cov kab nrib pleb rau ob lub txiv mis ntawm niam.

Ncos "chloramphenicol" instilled rau hauv lub conjunctival sac los kho keratitis, kab mob qhov muag, mob blepharitis, conjunctivitis, scleritis, thiab episcleritis keratoconjunctivitis.

Contraindications medicament

Cov tshuaj, uas muaj xws li chloramphenicol, yog tsis pom zoo rau:

• nyob rau hauv thaum yau (mus txog ib lub hlis);
• ntshav kab mob;
• fungal txhab ntawm daim tawv nqaij, psoriasis thiab eczema;
• cov neeg uas muaj peev xwm ntawm glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, thiab daim siab kab mob;
• tu leej niam thiab cev xeeb tub cov poj niam;
• yog hais tias koj fab rau cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw, los yog lwm yam tshuaj tua kab mob cov neeg ua hauj teej tug mus rau qhov no pab pawg neeg.

Huab ceev faj yuav tsum muaj cai nyob rau hauv cov kab mob ntawm lub plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha, raws li zoo raws li lub nyiam tsis haum.

"Chloramphenicol": kev qhia nyob rau kev siv ntawm cov tshuaj

Raws li hais saum toj no, cov cuab yeej raws li nyob rau hauv no yam khoom uas yog siv intramuscularly, intravenously, topically, hais lus thiab conjunctival.

Scheme txoj kev kho thiab nws ntev nyob ntawm seb raws li qhov tus formulation ntawm siv yeeb tshuaj thiab kab mob. Lawv txiav txim siab los ntawm cov kws kho mob rau ib tug neeg zus.

Ntsiav tshuaj "chloramphenicol" yuav tsum tau coj 30 feeb ua ntej noj mov los yog ib teev tom qab.

Thaum tso dej los yog intramuscular txhaj tshuaj thiab qhov ncauj saib xyuas rau cov neeg laus cov neeg mob muab rau 2 g ntawm active keeb ib hnub twg (muab faib mus rau 4 qhov chaw).

Qhov siab tshaj plaws koob tshuaj no noj tshuaj ib hnub twg yog 4 xyoo Nrog thiaj li muaj ntau cov tshuaj, nco ntsoov ua cov kev tswj ntawm ob lub raum thiab ntshav tsis.

Cov me nyuam cov tshuaj no yog tshuaj raws li lub cev hnyav:

• mus txog rau 3 xyoo - 10-15 mg ib kg;
• 3-8 xyoo - 15-20 mg ib kg;
• laus dua 8 xyoo - 20-30 mg ib kg.

Tus zaus ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm cov tshuaj los yog ntsiav tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam yog tib yam li hais tias ntawm cov neeg laus.

Duration ntawm kev kho mob nrog hais tias tshuaj tua kab mob yog 7-11 hnub. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntev ntawm txoj kev kho - 2 lub lis piam.

Thaum ua ntawv thov topically nws npaj yog thov mus rau lub cheeb tsam cov ob peb zaug ib hnub twg, siv gauze. Yog hais tias tsim nyog, txhais tau tias tej zaum yuav tsum muaj ntaub ntawv ua ke nrog ib tug occlusive ntaub qhwv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ua lub hnav khaub ncaws txhua txhua 3 hnub kom txog thaum lub qhov txhab yog huv si thiab yuav tsis kav.

Nrog hais txog poob, lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm 0.25 thiab ib tug 1% daws nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog lwm yam tshuaj.

phiv

Daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas, cov tshuaj yuav ua rau:

• khaus thiab voos (thaum ua ntawv thov topically);
• agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia, leukopenia;
• goiter;
• fem, neuritis, ntau yam hallucinations, mob taub hau, feeb tsis meej, kev nyuaj siab;
• gipogemoglobinemiyu, reticulocytopenia;
• Angioedema, urticaria, daim tawv nqaij ua pob ua xyua;
• xeev siab, flatulence, raws plab, voos nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj, ntuav, kem plab;
• fungal kab mob, dermatitis;
• alleviation ntawm lub rooj sib hais thiab pom kev zoo, impaired xaav tsw.

Nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mus txog 12 lub hlis tej zaum yuav tsim kev mob plawv cev qhuav dej.

Nqe, txhais thiab analogues

Yog pom tau hais tias synonymous txhais tau tias "Levovinizol", "sintomitsina" "chloramphenicol" "chloramphenicol Aktitab", chloramphenicol sodium succinate, "chloramphenicol-Lect" haus dej haus cawv tov "chloramphenicol", chloramphenicol sodium succinate muaj menyuam tsis taus, "chloramphenicol-Akos".

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv cov chaw muag tshuaj thiab analogues ua tau raws li cov tshuaj no "Levometil", "Levomekol" (chloramphenicol + dioksometiltetragidropirimidin) "Levosin" (sulfadimetoksin dioksometiltetragidropirimidin + + chloramphenicol + trimekain).

Raws li rau tus nqi, ces nws yog suav tias yog ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob yog tsis heev. Tej daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj yuav tau muas rau 40-90 rubles.

Xyuas ntawm cov tshuaj

Dua li ntawm qhov loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov kev phiv thiab toxicity ntawm cov tshuaj uas muaj ib tug chloramphenicol, lawv yog siv ntau heev. Feem ntau cov neeg mob muaj attracted rau cov uas tsis muaj nqi ntawm cov tshuaj, raws li zoo raws li muaj ntau haiv neeg ntawm nws ntau npaum cov ntaub ntawv.

Raws li cov kos duab, xws tshuaj tua kab mob feem ntau kws kho rau cov tshuaj pleev daim ntawv thov los mus tshem tawm pob txuv thiab lwm yam daim tawv nqaij eruptions.

Thaum unavailability ntawm cov cuab yeej siv lus xws analog li "Levomekol" (chloramphenicol + dioksometiltetragidropirimidin). Tab sis ua li ntawd tsuas yog tom qab kev noj kev haus nrog ib tug kws kho mob.