Classification thiab hlau alloys

Nyob rau hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub, siv ntau cov ntaub ntawv. Yas thiab composites, graphite thiab lwm yam tshuaj ... Tiam sis hlau yeej tseem ceeb. Nws ua kom cov tuam tsev loj, nws yog siv los tsim ntau lub cav thiab lwm yam khoom.

Yog li, qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov hlau ua ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam thiab kev tshawb fawb, vim hais tias, paub txog, koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov hom khoom zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov no lossis qhov hom phiaj no. Tsab ntawv xov xwm no tau muab los rau hauv tsab xov xwm no.

Kev Txhais Ntsiab Lus

Metals yog yooj yim tshuaj, uas nyob rau hauv tej yam yooj yim cov yam ntxwv yog tsi ntsees los ntawm ntau yam txawv nta: high thermal conductivity thiab conductivity ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no, thiab kuj ductility. Lawv yog cov yas. Nyob rau hauv lub xeev cov khoom, lawv yog cov qauv ntawm lub qauv crystalline ntawm atomic qib, thiab yog li ntawd muaj siab zog tsis. Tab sis kuj muaj kev sib tov uas yog lawv cov derivatives. Nws yog dab tsi?

Yog li ntawd hu ua cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm ob los yog ntau tshaj tawm los ntawm cua kub lawv saum lub pob zeb tawg. Thov nco ntsoov tias alloys yog hlau thiab tsis yog xim hlau. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thawj, tsawg kawg 50% ntawm cov hlau yuav tsum tam sim no nyob rau hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Txawm li cas los xij, peb yuav tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm tsab xov xwm. Yog li, dab tsi yog qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov hlau? Nyob rau hauv dav dav, nws yog yooj yim heev rau faib nws:

1. Hlau hlau.
2. Non-ferrous co.

Thawj qeb suav nrog hlau thiab hlau txhua yam raws li nws. Tag nrho lwm yam hlau yog xim, li cas los xij, zoo li lawv cov sib txuas. Nws yog tsim nyog yuav tau xav txog txhua qeb hauv ntau yam: txawm tias qhov tsis tshua muaj tho txawv kev faib tawm, qhov tseeb, txhua yam yog qhov teeb meem ntau dua. Thiab yog tias koj nco ntsoov hais tias muaj cov tseem precious hlau ... Thiab lawv, dhau lawm, yog sib txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov hlau zoo nkauj txawm yooj yim dua. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho muaj yim ntawm lawv: kub thiab nyiaj, platinum, palladium, ruthenium, osmium, thiab rhodium thiab iridium. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj yog cov platinoids.

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub kev faib ntawm precious hlau thiab boring. Yog li ntawd hu ua (nyob rau hauv lub lag luam kev lag luam) txhua yam nyiaj tib, kub thiab platinum. Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj txaus txog "qhov teeb meem loj". Nws yog lub sij hawm los tham txog ntau hom thiab khiav cov ntaub ntawv.

Peb mam li pib nrog kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov qhab nia sib txawv ntawm cov hlau, uas yog lub derivative ntawm feem ntau running dub hlau - hlau.

Dab tsi yog hlau?

Nws yog ib qho hlau ntawm hlau thiab ib co additives, uas muaj tsis ntau tshaj 2.14% ntawm atomic carbon. Qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev, thiab nws yuav tsum siv nyiaj rau: tus txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev ua li cas, qhov muaj los yog tsis muaj teeb meem impurities, thiab cov qauv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg, raws li nws raug rau lub npe thiab lub npe ntawm cov hlau.

Cov hom tsiaj

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tsis muaj cov phom sij ntawm txhua yam, tab sis cov tshuab ntawm lawv cov khoom siv tau tso cai rau ib qho nqi ntawm lwm cov impurities (feem ntau yog manganese). Txij li cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj no nws txawv ntawm qhov ntau ntawm 0.8-1%, lawv tsis siv yam cawv ntawm lub zog, txhua yam thiab cov khoom ntawm cov hlau. Pawg no yog siv los tsim thiab tsim ntau yam cuab yeej. Ntawm chav kawm, qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov hlau yog nyob deb dhau.

Cov qauv steel hlau

Feem ntau siv rau kev tsim ntawm ntau hom kev tsim, kev ua tub rog lossis kev siv hauv tsev, tab sis feem ntau lawv siv los tsim cuab yeej thiab cov tswv yim. Hauv qhov no, cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tsis pub dhau 0.5-0.6%. Lawv yuav tsum muaj lub zog loj heev, uas yog txiav txim los ntawm tag nrho cov kev sib tw ntawm cov ntawv xeem los ntawm cov koom haum thoob ntiaj teb (σV, σ0,2, δ, ψ, KCU, HB, HRC). Muaj ob hom:

• Ordinary.
• Zoo.

Raws li nws yog qhov yooj yim twv, thawj zaug mus rau kev tsim kho ntawm ntau yam qauv hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Zoo li yam ntxwv steel yog siv heev dua lwm yam rau zus tau tej cov txhim khu kev qha cov cuab yeej siv nyob rau hauv engineering thiab lwm yam ceg ntawm kev lag luam thiab ntau lawm.

Raws li rau cov ntaub ntawv no, cov hlau khib nyiab ntawm cov hlau saum lawv. Kev faib tawm ntawm lwm cov hom hlau muaj ntau txoj cai uas yuav tsum muaj rau lawv.

Cov cuab yeej carbon

Lawv tus kheej yog lub caij nyoog engineering, kev tsim khoom ntawm cov cuab yeej rau kev tshawb fawb thiab cov tshuaj, nrog rau lwm yam kev lag luam uas muaj zog ntxiv thiab yuav tsum ua kom tiav. Nyob rau hauv lawv, cov ntsiab lus carbon yuav yog li ntawm 0.7 mus rau 1.5%. Xws li cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum muaj lub zog muaj zog, ua kom tsis txhob muaj qhov cuam tshuam thiab kub heev.

Alloy hlau

Yog li ntawd hu ua cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv uas, ntxiv rau ntuj impurities, muaj ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm artificially ntxiv alloying additives. Cov no muaj xws li chromium, npib tsib xees, molybdenum. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlau ciab hlau muaj peev xwm kuj muaj manganese thiab silicon, cov ntsiab lus ntawm uas feem ntau tsis tshaj 0.8-1.2%.

Hauv qhov no, qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov hlau qhia txog lawv kev faib ua ob hom:

• Hlau nrog ib tug tsawg cov ntsiab lus ntawm additives. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho lawv tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 2.5%.
• Alloyed. Nyob rau hauv lawv, cov additives yuav ua tau los ntawm 2.5 mus rau 10%.
• Cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv additive (ntau tshaj 10%).

Cov hom no tseem raug faib ua cov subspecies, xws li hauv yav dhau los.

Hlau phom hlau

Zoo li txhua lwm yam, muaj kev koom tes hauv kev tsim vaj tse, kev tsim cov vaj tse thiab lwm cov qauv, nrog rau kev lag luam. Yog tias peb sib piv nrog cov roj ntau hom, ces cov ntaub ntawv tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm cov yam ntxwv zoo, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj kev tiv thaiv tsis tshua muaj siab kub. Ntawm cov no, txuas hniav, dav hlau, cuaj luaj, cov cuab yeej rau kev lag luam kev ua tiav.

Alloyed tuam hlau

Hauv paus ntsiab lus, tus yam ntxwv yog yam zoo heev rau hom uas tau tham saum toj no. Yuav siv tau rau cov hauv qab no:

• Ntau cov kev txiav, nrog rau kev ntsuas siab thiab ntsuas cov twj. Hauv particular, tig cov cuab yeej rau hlau yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv no, qhov kev faib tawm ncaj qha nyob ntawm cov hlau: nws cov hom yog tas ua luam ntawm qhov khoom.
• Lawv tseem ua nyiaj muas khoom rau cov khoom kub thiab txias.

Alloyed tshwj xeeb hlau

Raws li tau taub los ntawm lub npe, cov ntaub ntawv no muaj qee tus cwj pwm. Piv txwv, muaj cov cua kub-resistant thiab cov cua sov-resistant hom, thiab tag nrho cov kev paub tsis ntxig hlau. Li no, cov uas muaj ntawm lawv daim ntawv thov nrog cov khoom siv hauv tshuab thiab cov cuab yeej uas yuav ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyuaj: turbines rau xyaw, furnaces rau smelting co, thiab lwm yam.

Lub qauv steel

Steels nrog ib qhov nruab nrab cov ntsiab lus carbon. Lawv raug siv los tsim cov khoom siv ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv. Ib qho tshwj xeeb (zoo li tus qauv thiab cov ntawv), kav, qhov chaw, thiab lwm yam, yog pom tseeb tias thaum xaiv ib hom hlau, tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau lub zog ntawm cov hlau.

Ntxiv mus, ntev ua ntej kev tsim kho, tag nrho cov yeeb yam muaj dua li ntawm qhov piv txwv ntawm cov qauv ua zauv, yog li ntawd feem ntau qhov no los yog hom dov hlau tau tsim tawm raws li tus neeg xav tau ntawm tus neeg tuaj.

Reinforcing hlau

Raws li koj zaum guessed, cov uas lawv daim ntawv thov - qhov cuab lub zog ntawm cov blocks thiab cov txheej txheem tiav ntawm kev siv pob zeb ntau. Lawv tau tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm rods los yog xaim nrog ib tug loj lub cheeb. Cov khoom siv yog carbonaceous, los yog hlau nrog ib tug tsawg cov ntsiab lus ntawm alloying additives. Muaj ob hom:

• Kub dov.
• Ntsuas thiab mechanically tau zoo.

Boiler steels

Siv rau kev tsim cov boilers thiab thooj voos kheej kheej, nrog rau lwm cov hlab ntsha thiab fittings, uas yuav ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv kev kub ceev hauv cov huab cua txawv txawv. Lub thickness ntawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav txawv ntawm 4 mus rau 160 hli.

Tsis siv neeg hlau

Cov khoom sib yeem uas zoo rau kev ua haujlwm los txiav lawv. Kuj muaj cov haujlwm siab. Tag nrho qhov no ua rau cov hlau no yog ib qho khoom zoo rau cov kab ua kom muaj kab ntau, uas txhua txhua xyoo ua ntau dua.

Cov kabmob hlau

Cov hom no yog cov hom lawv xa mus rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom, tab sis lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg ua rau lawv muaj feem xyuam nrog cov khoom siv. Lawv muaj cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo thiab ua haujlwm hnyav rau hnav (txhab).

Peb tau pom cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab kev cais ntawm cov hlau hauv hoob no. Tom ntej no nyob rau hauv lem yog ib qho txawm ntau thiab nto moo cam khwb cia hlau.

Cam khwb cia hlau: kev faib tawm thiab cov khoom

Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm cov khoom, uas yog ib qho hlau ntawm cov hlau thiab cov pa roj carbon monoxide (as Well as lwm yam additives), thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm C yog txij li 2.14 mus rau 6.67%. Cam khwb cia hlau, zoo li steel, yog qhov txawv ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg, ntau txoj kev thiab ntau ntau ntawm cov av muaj nyob rau hauv, nrog rau cov kev siv hauv lub neej thiab kev lag luam. Yog tias tsis muaj cov additives hauv cam khwb cia hlau, nws yog hu ua undoped. Txwv tsis pub - doped.

Kev faib tawm raws li lub hom phiaj

1. Muaj limiting, uas yuav luag txhua zaus siv rau kev ua ub no hauv cov hlau.
2. Foundry ntau yam siv rau casting khoom ntawm ntau heev configuration thiab complexity.
3. Tshwj xeeb, los ntawm analogy nrog hlau.

Kev faib tawm los ntawm hom tshuaj additives

Txij li cov ntsiab lus ntawm carbon ntau hom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no nws txawv heev, ntau hom ntawm nws kuj txawv:

• Dawb nrum hlau. Cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias cov pa roj carbon dioxide nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv txuas nrog yuav luag tag nrho, yog muaj nyob rau hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg carbides. Nws yog qhov yooj yim kom paub qhov txawv: ntawm lub pob txha nws yog dawb thiab ci iab, nws yog characterized by lub siab tshaj plaws hardness, tab sis tib lub sij hawm tsis tshua muaj zog, nrog nyuaj nyuaj yuav machined.
• Half-bleached. Nyob rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm lub casting, nws yog indistinguishable ntawm dawb cam khwb cia hlau, thaum nws tseem ceeb yog grey, muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm graphite dawb. Feem ntau, nws txuas cov cim ntawm ob hom. Nws yog qhov ntev, tab sis tib lub sij hawm ntau yooj yim dua, thiab nrog lub fragility ntawm tej yam uas zoo dua.
• Grey. Muaj ntau graphite. Muaj zog, txaus hnav-resistant, nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau kev ua.

Peb tsis muab qhov teeb meem ntawm graphite. Qhov tseeb yog tias kev cais ntawm cov hlau thiab cov hlau txia hauv ib qho teeb meem tshwj xeeb yog nyob ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm tus qauv. Nyob ntawm cov yeeb yam no, lawv muab faib ua pearlitic, ferrite-pearlite thiab ferritic.

Graphite nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm cov hom ntawm cam khwb cia hlau yuav ua tau tam sim no nyob rau hauv plaub txawv cov ntaub ntawv:

• Yog hais tias nws muaj cov plates thiab cov "petals" uas muaj tuaj, nws hais txog ntau hom kev tivellar.
• Yog hais tias cov khoom muaj inclusions, uas nyob rau hauv lawv cov tsos zoo li worms, ces peb tham txog vermicular graphite.
• Raws li, ntau yam kev sib tw, tsis sib txig sib luag qhia tias ua ntej koj - muaj ntau yam flaky.
• Spherical, hemispherical ntsiab ua cim lub ntsej muag kheej.

Tab sis txawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov hlau thiab cov phom yog tseem tsis tiav! Qhov tseeb yog tias cov impurities, tsis muaj teeb meem yuav ua li cas coj txawv txawv nws yuav zoo li, ncaj qha rau lub zog ntawm cov khoom. Yog li ntawd, nyob ntawm seb qhov chaw thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub cev muaj kev sib raug zoo, pov tseg hlau tau muab faib ua cov pawg hauv qab no:

• Yog hais tias muaj inclusions ntawm lamellar graphite nyob rau hauv cov khoom, ces qhov no yog zoo tib yam grey cam khwb cia hlau (MF).
• Los ntawm qhov sib piv nrog lub npe ntawm "additive", qhov muaj cov vermicular feem ua cim qhia cov khoom siv (CVG).
• Lub flaky comprises incorporating zas hlau (CN).
• Spherical "filler" qhia txog cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob (HF).

Koj tau txais ib qho kev qhia tawm me ntsis thiab cov khoom ntawm cov hlau, uas muaj feem rau "black" qeb. Raws li koj tau pom, txawm hais tias ntau lub mis tsis meej xeeb, lawv muaj ntau haiv neeg, xav txawv hauv lawv cov qauv thiab lub cev nqaij daim tawv. Nws yuav zoo li ntawd hlau nrum yog ib qho thiab ntau cov khoom, tab sis ... Txawm tias nws muaj ntau ntau yam sib txawv kiag li, thiab qee yam lawv tsis zoo li ib leeg li cam khwb cia hlau nws tus kheej thiab daim ntawv steel!

Khib - nyob hauv cov nyiaj khwv tau los!

Puas muaj tej yam kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom siv ferrous? Tom qab tag nrho, lab lab ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv ntau yam mus rau lub pob tseg txhua txhua xyoo. Puas yog lawv mus rau qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov pib tsis zoo los ntawm kev sib cais thiab cais? Tau kawg tsis. Cuaj pawg yog qhov txawv:

• 3A. Txheem cov khib nyiab ntawm cov hlau dub, xws li hnyav hnyav, cov npoo ntxiv loj. Qhov nyhav ntawm ib qho ntawm ib qho tsis yog tsawg tshaj ib kilogram. Raws li txoj cai, lub thickness ntawm pieces tsis tshaj li 6 millimeters.
• 5A. Nyob rau hauv no cov khoom seem yog oversized. Lub thickness ntawm daim yog ntau tshaj 6 millimeters.
• 12A. Pawg no implies sib xyaw ntawm ob ntau hom piav saum toj no.
• 17A. Seem hlau, tag nrho. Qhov nyhav ntawm txhua daim tsis yog tsawg tshaj ib nrab ntawm ib kilogram, tab sis tsis ntau tshaj 20 kg.
• 19A. Zoo li qub rau yav dhau los, tab sis pov tseg yog oversized. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee cov phosphorus cov ntsiab lus pub rau hauv cov khoom.
• 20A. Cam khwb cia hlau seem, qhov loj tshaj plaws pawg. Tso cai rau pieces ntawm tsib tons ntawm qhov ceeb thawj. Feem ntau, qhov nov suav nrog cov khoom tawg, cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv tub rog. Raws li koj tau pom, qhov kev faib tawm thiab cov khoom ntawm cov pa hauv pawg no zoo sib xws.
• 22A. Thiab dua ib qho khoom loj uas npog loj-hlau. Qhov sib txawv nyob hauv qhov tseeb hais tias qhov no, cov khib nyiab muaj cov cuab yeej siv qub thiab cov dej tsis huv.
• Sib tov Mixed seem. Tseem ceeb! Nws yog tsis tau tso cai tus txheem ntawm cov nram qab no hom: steel ropes thiab nyob ntawm tej los ntawm cov hlau, thiab galvanized Cheebtsam.
• Zinc txheej. Raws li muaj meej ntawm lub npe, qhov no suav tag nrho cov seem, uas muaj cov khoom tawg uas muaj teeb meem.

Qhov no yog qhov kev faib tawm ntawm hlau hlau. Thiab tam sim no peb yuav tham txog lawv cov xim "npoj yaig" uas ua si lub luag hauj lwm loj hauv txhua txoj kev ua lag luam niaj hnub thiab kev ua lag luam.

Non-ferrous co

Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm tag nrho lwm cov ntsiab uas muaj ib qho qauv ua piv txwv atomic, tab sis tsis txhob xa cov hlau thiab nws cov derivatives. Hauv cov ntawv sau ua lus Askiv yuav nrhiav tau lo lus "non-ferrous metal", uas yog lub ntsiab lus nrog lub tswvyim. Dab tsi yog qhov kev cais ntawm cov hlau uas tsis yog ferrous?

Muaj cov pawg hauv qab no, qhov sib faib ntawm txoj cai mus rau ntau thaj chaw: lub teeb thiab hnyav, tsis muaj zog, ua kom tawg thiab tawg, me zog thiab hom tsiaj tsawg. Ntau yam ntawm cov hlau uas tsis yog ferrous yog feem ntau cais li tsawg, vim lawv cov naj npawb hauv peb ntiaj chaw tsawg.

Lawv siv cov khoom thiab cov twj uas yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov chaw muaj kev txhoj puab heev, kev sib txhuam, lossis yog tias tsim nyog (xws li sensors, piv txwv) muaj qhov kub thermal conductivity los yog kev siv hluav taws xob tam sim no. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv xav tau nyob rau hauv kev ua tub rog, aerospace thiab aviation industries, uas qhov siab tshaj plaws yuav tsum tau muaj nrog ib pawg me me.

Nco ntsoov tias sib nrug lub faib ntawm hnyav hlau. Txawm li cas los, nws tsis muaj nyob raws li xws li, tab sis nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li tooj liab, npib tsib xee, cobalt, thiab zinc, cadmium, mercury thiab cov hlau lead. Ntawm no, tsuas Cu thiab ZN yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj scale, uas yuav tsum tau hais tom qab.

Aluminium thiab nws alloys

Txhuas, "winged hlau". Muaj peb hom ntawm nws (nyob ntawm seb cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj purity)

• Qhov siab tshaj plaws zoo (siab purity) (99.999%).
• High purity.
• Kev qauv.

Cov yav tas hom yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntawv txheeb, ntau yam profiles thiab nyob ntawm tej uas txawv tus ntoo khaub lig-section. Designated nyob rau hauv cov lag luam tawm raws li AD0 thiab AD1. Nco ntsoov tias txawm nyob rau hauv siab txhuas qauv feem ntau muaj cov inclusions Fe, Si, Gu, Mn, ZN.

alloys

Yuav ua li cas yog lub cais uas tsis yog-ferrous co nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no? Nyob rau hauv hauv paus ntsiab lus, tsis muaj dab tsi nyuab. muaj yog:

• Duralumin.
• Aviano.

Hu duralumin alloys, uas yog ntxiv rau tooj liab thiab magnesium. Ntxiv mus, muaj cov ntaub ntawv, qhov chaw uas ib tug additive yog siv nyob rau hauv tooj liab thiab magnesium. Avial kuj hu ua alloys, tab sis lawv muaj ib tug ntau heev additives. Lub ntsiab los sawv daws yuav magnesium thiab silicon raws li hlau, tooj liab, thiab txawm titanium.

Nyob rau hauv hauv paus ntsiab lus, qhov teeb meem uas tshuaj xyuas nyob rau hauv kom meej cov ntaub ntawv science. Suam ntawm cov hlau rau txhuas thiab nws cov ntaub ntawv tsis xaus muaj.

tooj liab

Niaj hnub no qhov txawv anoxic tooj liab (ntshiab tshuaj cov ntsiab lus 97,97%) thiab mas ntshiab, nqus (99.99%). Tsis zoo li lwm yam uas tsis yog-ferrous co, neeg kho tshuab thiab tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm tooj liab yog tsis tshua muaj zog cawv txawm qhov tsawg tshaj plaws impurities ntawm ib co additives.

alloys

Lawv muab faib ua ob pawg loj. Cov ntaub ntawv, los ntawm txoj kev, lub npe hu rau noob neej tau ntau txhiab xyoo:

• Toog. Yog li ntawd hu ua tooj liab compound thiab zinc.
• Bronze. Tooj hlau, uas muaj xws li ntev zinc, thiab tin. Txawm li cas los, tseem muaj bronze, nyob rau hauv uas muaj txog li kaum additives.

Titan

Hlau no tsis tshua muaj thiab kim heev. Nws muaj ib tug uas tsis muaj qhov hnyav, zoo kawg lub dag lub zog, tsis tshua muaj viscosity. Nco ntsoov tias yog muab faib ua ob peb hom: VT1-00 (nyob rau hauv no cov ntaub ntawv uas impurities ≤ 0,10%), BT1-0 (additive nqi ≤ 0,30%). Yog hais tias tag nrho cov nqi ntawm impurities ≤ 0.093%, ces xws li ib tug cov ntaub ntawv uas nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov titanium hu ua iodide.

titanium alloys

Alloys ntawm no cov ntaub ntawv uas raug muab faib mus rau hauv ob hom: linear thiab deformable. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tshwj xeeb qho uas txawv ntawm subtypes: refractory, nce ductility. Muaj ntau ntau hardening thiab hardening hom (nyob ntawm seb lub tshav kub kev kho mob).

Ua tau, peb twb tau muab xam los ntawm cov kev faib of non-ferrous co thiab alloys. Peb cia siab hais tias qhov tsab xov xwm yog pab tau rau koj.