Cloning: lub pros thiab cons. Cov nqe lus tawm tsam tib neeg cloning

Cloning yog ib qho ntawm feem teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj rau ntau xyoo: favored los ntawm ntau pros thiab cons ntawm txoj kev ua no. Tus thawj mention ntawm lub clones yog sau hnub tim 1963 xyoo. Yog tias thaum lub sij hawm pib siv ib tug geneticist los ntawm cov UK.

tsim nyog terminology

Biologists siv ob peb cov ntsiab lus txhais ntawm lo lus "clone". Feem ntau cov feem ntau, qhov no lub sij hawm no implies ib tug tej yam kab mob, uas nyob ntawm vnepolovoe tu tub tu kiv thiab fwm caj ces ntaub ntawv los ntawm nws cov niam txiv. noob qauv yog ua dua nyob rau hauv lub cloning txheej txheem. Qhov no yog tsis hais tias nws yog tus tsis daim ntawv. Genotype lawv yog kiag li zoo tib yam. Tab sis tom qab lawv tus kheej cov khoom nadgeneticheskim clones tej zaum yuav txawv. Tej zaum lawv yuav muaj ib tug txawv loj, me, xim, nyhav rau tus kab mob.

Piv txwv li, tus naas ej yaj Dolly yog tsis qoos phenotypic daim qauv ntawm cov yaj hlwb uas tau siv rau nws lawm. Nws muaj ib tug loj ntawm pathologies, vim uas nws tuag nyob rau hauv ib tug thaum ntxov muaj hnub nyoog. Thiab ntawm nws hais tias tsis muaj yaj-cov kab mob tsis yog. Tom qab tus me nyuam yug ntawm cov minyuam, muaj ntau pib tham txog lub possibilities vnepolovoe tib neeg tu tub tu kiv. Ob peb ntawm cov los ntawm UFW ntawm no ceg biology nres qhov tseeb hais tias hais txog 85% ntawm cov me nyuam no yuav ua clones xaus nyob rau hauv tsis ua hauj lwm. Tab sis qhov no unexplored qhov chaw - yog tsis tsuas yog tawm tsam cloning.

potentiality

Tam sim no, nws yog ib yam nkaus thiab thaum ntxov los tham txog qhov tu tub tu kiv ntawm caij nyoog luam cov ntawv ntawm cov neeg. Tab sis tsis tau tsuas yog ua li no cloning: lub pros thiab cons ntawm ntxiv cov kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no peb yuav nrhiav tau ib tug ntau ntawm cov lus. Tab sis tsis txhob hnov qab tias qhov kev lag luam muaj ntau yam.

Yog li ntawd, ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau pheej chaw yog sib hloov. Rau ib tug hloov hloov yuav tsum tsis txhob saib rau ib tug neeg, kom paub tseeb cov compatibility, kev phais tos thiab thov Vajtswv, tsis txhob pib cov txheej txheem ntawm rejection. Cloning yuav loj hlob kiag li zoo tib yam lub cev thiab hloov nws.

Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau yam hais tias qhov no yog ib lub caij nyoog rau childless tsev neeg uas tsis xav mus coj ib tug niam qhuav txiv qhuav me nyuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cloning yuav tsis txhob ib tug xov tooj ntawm roj ntsha kab mob. Muaj coob tus neeg xav kom siv tau cov no technologies nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim kom tsis txhob laus thiab tej yam ntuj tso kev tuag.

Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau hais dab tsi rau yav tom ntej tuas cloning. Pros thiab cons ntawm cov nqe lus muaj zog rau ob sab. Tab sis los ntawm UFW thiab tw ntawm ib tug txiv neej ua si tham txog txawv sab ntawm lub npib.

Nws yog ntseeg hais tias ib zaug tus zaum yuav muaj peev xwm ua neurons uas yuav hloov lub paj hlwb nyob rau hauv lub hlwb, tuag raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov kev vam meej ntawm Parkinson tus kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv cov kev npaj los tsim pancreatic hlwb uas yuav ua tau tej yam ntuj tso insulin nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm diabetics.

Bans rau thwmsim

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias zaum no tseem nyob deb ntawm muaj peev xwm los tsim ib tug tag nrho daim ntawv ntawm cov tib neeg noj qab haus huv, nyob rau ntawm lub PatientsÕ theem nws yog twb txwv tsis pub. Piv txwv li, lub UN tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm, uas hais txog inadmissibility nqa tawm xws li thwmsim rau tib neeg tu tub tu kiv, cloning tau raug tsim. Tiv thaiv (nyob tus yeees ntawm legislators zoo ces rau kev soj ntsuam, nws tsuas yog ib tug pom zoo) txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov technologies tau ua xwb 84 neeg. Tab sis ib tug tshaj tawm xav txhawb nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States, nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj nyob rau hauv lub Arab lub teb chaws, nyob rau hauv Latin America thiab teb chaws Africa.

Muaj ntau hais nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm cov txuas ntxiv mus tsim lub tshuab, rau kev sim kawm nrog cloning. Tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm li cov neeg tseem siv tau. Me nyuam technology los ntawm cloning txwv nyob rau hauv ntau tshaj li 30 lub teb chaws. Ntawm lawv yog cov zog ntawm Guj kuj, ntau lub teb chaws nyob sab Europe, Nyiv, Tuam Tshoj, cov Yixayee.

Txawm li cas los, zaum tseem clone embryos. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov cheeb tsam no yuav tsum muaj ib kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv lawv lub tswv yim, cov kws kho mob uas siv cov niaj hnub technologies muaj ib lub caij nyoog los yeej ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kab mob xws li tsis nco qab, Parkinson los yog mob ntshav qab zib. Geneticists ntseeg tias tej kev txwv no tej zaum yuav tiv thaiv morality, lub morality, tab sis lawv yuav raug pov rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm nyob cov neeg. Yuav kom to taub nws tus cwj pwm rau qhov teeb meem no, nws yog tsim nyog los paub tag nrho cov nqe lus ntawm nyaum camps. Ces txhua leej txhua tus yuav muaj peev xwm ua ib tug xaiv rau lawv tus kheej thiab to taub yuav ua li cas hais txog niaj hnub siv tshuab. Muaj ntau cov tseem nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv parse tag nrho cov nuances thiab txhais tau ob tog ntawm lub npib hu ua "cloning: lub pros thiab cons." Ib tug sau ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug lub npe yuav pab ib tug zoo deal nyob rau hauv lawv tus yam ntxwv rau qhov no qhov teeb meem.

threatening txaus ntshai

Hais txog qhov yuav tsum tau rau ban tag nrho cov dag deev technology, cov neeg ntshai hais tias cov kws kho mob yuav tsis zoo nrog tej kev discoveries. Txawm lub feem ntau tsis pub leejtwg paub txoj kev loj hlob tau ua lub npe hu mus rau ib tug dav vajvoog ntawm cov neeg. Yog li ntawd, piv txwv li, nws tshwm sim rau nuclear riam phom. Yog li ntawd, kev tswj ntawm scientific kev txawj ntse thiab nws cov nthuav yog tsis yooj yim sua.

Nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm tag nrho cov sij hawm uas muab los ntawm tib neeg cloning, "rau" thiab "tawm tsam" nws yog tsim nyog los soj ntsuam qhov zoo. Piv txwv li, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov yees yuav daws lub ob txhais tes ntawm txhoj puab heev xeev, neeg ua phem tej pawg neeg. Lawv yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj lub cev muaj zog cov tub rog ntawm cov neeg, tsis burdened nrog kev txawj ntse. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yuav tsum tau los mus tsim clones ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tus rulers thiab yaig lawv credibility, yuav ua rau chaos nyob rau hauv cov nom tswv lub neej.

Tab sis tham txog nws, muaj coob tus neeg tsis nco qab hais tias nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau ib tug tib neeg clone nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj hnub nyoog xws li 40 xyoo, nws yog tsim nyog los hla dhau cov 40 xyoo. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv loj hlob nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev raws li tus neeg zoo tib. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, kuj yuav tau mus nrhiav cov niam txiv uas pom zoo muab yug thiab tsa ib tug cloned tus me nyuam. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau ib pab tub rog ntawm clones, nws yog tsim nyog los tau dhau tsawg kawg yog 20-25 xyoo.

Lwm looming txaus ntshai yog tias tus neeg yuav tsum tau qhov kev pab cuam rau yam nrog txiv neej pw ntawm tus me nyuam. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj los yog cov Muslim ntiaj teb no, qhov twg cov me nyuam yug ntawm ib tug me nyuam tub yog nyiam, tej zaum nws yuav tsum yog ib tug lossis loj tsis txaus.

Tsis tas li ntawd tsis txhob hnov qab tias cov me nyuam technologies yog tsis tau zoo tag nrho. Zaum tau kawm yuav ua li cas coj thiab cov me nyuam lub caj khoom, tab sis mus rau tsim tawm ntawm nws ib tug zaum daim ntawv nyuaj heev rau lawv. Rau geneticists - yog tsis yog ib tug yog vim li cas kom tsis txhob. Yog tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb ntxiv nws yog tsis yooj yim sua los tsim qhov kev lag luam.

lwm tawm tsam

Muaj coob tus neeg raug pom zoo rau me nyuam technologies tsuas vim hais tias lawv tsis to taub, vim li cas koj xav tau tib neeg cloning. Pros thiab cons ntawm cov nqe lus rau lawv yog cov tsis tseeb. Tw hais tias tus txiv neej - ib tug tshwj xeeb creation thiab tsis tsim nyog rau ua ib daim ntawv ntawm nws. Raws li lawv, nws yog ib hauv qab lub meej mom ntawm cov neeg. Tab sis lawv tsis nco qab hais tias zoo xws li cov codes nyob rau hauv tib yam cov menyuam ntxaib. Lawv ntiaj chaw txog 150 Zeb.

Muaj ntau abhorrent lub tswv yim ntawm cloning. Tab sis qhov no yog tsis yog ib tug yog vim li cas txwv tsis pub kev tshawb nrhiav nyob rau hauv daim teb no. Qhov kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv kev ua si lawv tus kheej zoo yuav tsum tau coj los ntawm cov neeg lawv tus kheej. Txwv tsis pub, tib neeg deprived ntawm txoj cai ywj pheej ntawm kev xaiv advocated. Los ntawm UFW ua tsaug xav yog vim li cas cloning yog ntau qias neeg tshaj, piv txwv li, hloov kev pw ua ke.

Tab sis muaj lwm yam lus sib cav tawm tsam tib neeg cloning. Yog li ntawd, luam cov code yuav txo tus caj haiv neeg nyob rau lub ntiaj chaw. Cloned zag yuav weaker, nws muaj ntsis mus rau ntau yam kab mob. Thiab qhov no yuav tsum yog tus impetus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub phaum. Tab sis rau no nws yog tsim nyog los clone cia tau muab tso rau hauv industrial thread. Nyob rau lub ntiaj chaw ntawm 6 billion neeg. Txawm hais tias yuav muaj ib tug lab clones, ces qhov no tus nqi yuav negligible muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis genotypic muaj ntau haiv neeg. Tab sis txawm yog hais tias tus daim qauv ntawm txhua tus neeg, koj tau txais 6 billion txawv ntawv luam.

Yuav kom to taub li cas cloning yog, koj yog rau los yog tawm tsam no tshwm sim, peb yuav tsum tau dais nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias txoj kev no tsis tau muab piv nrog genetic engineering. Thaum cov noob yog tsis hloov nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev thiab yog tsis tau hloov, tab sis tsuas yog tau theej. Qhov no ua rau lub fact tias muaj yog ib tug tib yam ntawm ib tug txiv neej uas tsis muaj kev hloov. Nws yuav tsis ua ib tug dab los yog ib tug dab. Cov kev tshwm sim muaj peev xwm tsuas ua tau daim ntawv thov kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic engineering hom kev kawm, nyob rau lub DNA yog hloov.

koom sib nrauj

Tw ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm tib neeg cloning yog teem rau lub fact tias cov tu tub tu kiv ntawm cov ntawv luam ntawm cov tib neeg yog unethical. Tsis tas li ntawd tiv thaiv uas nquag txhawb lub tsev teev ntuj. Tab sis kev cai dab qhuas cov neeg nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov uas opposed rau tag nrho cov me nyuam technologies, xws li IVF. Lawv hais tias lub creation ntawm tus txiv neej, tus paub tsis meej ntawm cov tsos ntawm nws yug yuav tsum raug Vajtswv xwb. Txiv neej yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem.

Tab sis cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj hais tias tus neeg nruab nrog cev, nqaij, tsiaj txhu yuav ua si. Tab sis lawv kuj thuam ib tug tag nrho tib neeg tu tub tu kiv. Txawm li cas los, lawv tsis xav txog lo lus nug no, zaum no tsis soj ntsuam ncav cloning. "Pros" thiab "cons" lawv muaj lawv tus kheej. Orthodox hais txog qhov kev zoo thiab sab ntawm lub qhov teeb meem. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lawv hais li cas neeg yuav xav tias thaum nws pom hais tias nws yog kiag li ib tug neeg lub daim ntawv. Nws tseem ceeb heev, thiab raws li txoj cai sib nrauj. Puas yuav ib clone ntawm qhov txais rau tus neeg uas tau ua ib tug neeg? Seb nws yuav mus ntxiv nws cov lus?

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog pom tseeb tias ib tug yooj yim cloning neeg yog tsis zoo li kom tsis txhob. Lawv xav muab nws nrog tshuaj ntsuam genetic engineering. Uas yog, yog tias qhov kev lag luam yuav tsum tsim, muaj coob tus yuav xav ua advanced daim ntawv cai. Piv txwv li, lawv yuav nrhiav kev los ua kom lub cev endurance, txhim kho kev puas hlwb muaj peev xwm, mus tsim kho ib tug neeg cov kabmob, muaj feem xyuam rau cov tsos.

Universally pom tau hais tias kev cai coj dawb huv

Hais txog, ob peb cov neeg xav txog cov kev pab cuam ntawm cloning thiab lub imminent txaus ntshai ntawm raws nraim yuav ua li cas no tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, rau loj hlob lub cev ntawm embryonic qia hlwb ua hauj lwm zoo tshaj plaws. Tom qab kwv yees li tsis pub dhau 14 hnub ntawm lawv pib tsim tag nrho cov nruab nrog cev thiab lub cev. Zaum ntseeg tau hais tias lub 3-4 hnub hlwb yog zoo tagnrho rau cov cloning technology.

Rau cloning ntawm cov feem ntau tsim qia hlwb yog pluripotent. Cov lawv raug tsim tag nrho cov nruab nrog cev thiab cov nqaij, tab sis yuav tsis recreate ib zaug xwb kab mob. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm no theem, geneticists muaj tus loj tshaj kuj. Rau ntau xyoo, muaj ib tug active kev sib tham, kev ntsuas kev hais tias nws yog raug cai clone tib neeg embryos "rau" thiab "tawm tsam" nyob rau hauv txhua lub yeej rog yog zoo txaus. Yog li, cov tw tsis tau nkees kom nco ntsoov hais tias rau cov hlwb yog siv abortive embryos.

Rau lub cev kho no variant cloning. Lub embryo yog zus rau cov muaj hnub nyoog ntawm peb lub hlis. Tom qab hais tias nws thim los ntawm lub dag lub tsev me nyuam thiab muab tso rau hauv ib tug menyuam tsis taus qhov chaw, uas yuav pab txhawb cov txheej txheem ntawm nws lub neej. Raws li cov adherents ntawm txoj kev tshawb xav uas tau raug zus nyob rau hauv no txoj kev lub cev yog tej nuj nqis ib tug txiv neej los yog ib tug tag nrho cov clone. Lawv hu lawv ib tug pab pawg neeg ntawm interacting nrog cev, vim hais tias cov pem cov nyob qhov chaw ceased ua si thaum lub sij hawm lub rho menyuam. Nrog rau qhov no tswvyim txoj kev loj hlob ntawm me nyuam cov tshuaj tsis pom zoo kiag cloning tw.

lub tswv yim geneticists

Tshwj xeeb muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov sau qoob rau technology ntawm nyob hlwb los ntawm cov khoom cua txhais tau tias, cam hais tias nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tau ib tug zoo tib yam daim ntawv ntawm ib tug tib neeg hais tias. Tom qab nws yog tsim, tsis tau tsuas yog noob, tab sis kuj qhov kev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv uas nws loj hlob tuaj. Thiab nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau recreate. Cov neeg xav txog ua si nto moo neeg, koj ncaws pob, geniuses, tab sis lawv tsis nco qab hais tias cov general yuav tsuas resemblance. Daim Ntawv tib daim ntawv raws li tus thawj, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua.

Tsis tas li ntawd tham txog tej possibilities heev thaum ntxov. Yog li ntawd thaum puas mus hais lus cam txog qhov ethics thiab kev sib tham nyob rau lub npe "Cloning: lub pros thiab cons." Tam sim no soj ntsuam yuav coj ib tug cov ntaub so ntswg pub, muab tso rau hauv ib tug lub qe devoid ntawm nws tus kheej kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic khoom, loj hlob tawm ntawm nws blastotsilu. Tab sis tom qab ntawd, nws yog tsim nyog los cog rau hauv lub tsev me nyuam. Thaum loj hlob Dolly cov yaj yog tsim 277 clones ntawm lawv tsawm nyob rau hauv lub tsev me nyuam xwb 29. Ntawm no, tau txais tsuas yog ib zaum yaj.

Sim kawm rau nas tau qhia hais tias kom tau cov xeeb ntxwv li sai tau. Tab sis ib co thaum kho raws tshwm nyob rau hauv no cov tsiaj. Externally, lawv yog lig noj qab nyob zoo. Tab sis, nrog txhua tiam lawv zuj zus yielded rau cloning.

Txawm cov kws txawj tsis lees paub hais tias cov yees muaj kev ruaj ntseg. Lawv yuav qhia seb lawv paub txog cov kev pab cuam thiab kev piam sij nyiag ua los ntawm lub cloning ( "rau" los yog "tawm tsam"). Ib tug sau ntawv nyob rau hauv cov kev kawm ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv yuav tsum tau qhia dab tsi ntxiv piam sij lurk experimenters.

Cons qhov muag tshwj xeeb

Noob caj noob ces yog xis nrog li cas lawv yog siv rau cov kev tshawb fawb embryos, lawv yuav tsis txhawj xeeb txog kev cai dab qhuas sab ntawm cov nqe lus nug, los yog cov coj tsis ncaj thiab raug cai sib nrauj. Lawv yuav tau xav seb lwm sib ceg tawm tsam cloning. Tab sis, nyob rau hauv lawv pom, lawv hais txog xwb rau qhov tseeb hais tias qhov kev lag luam yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov kev tshawb fawb.

Yog li ntawd, thaum cov kws txawj nws yog tseeb hais tias cloning yuav tsis yog ib tug kev hloov rau lub ntuj fertility. Tab sis yog vim li cas hais tias nrog txhua tiam clones txheej txheem yog nyuaj kom paub tseeb yog tseem tsis tau tau. Muaj ob lub ntsiab versions. Nyob rau ib tug ntawm lawv, nrog txhua cloning "slizivyvaetsya" kawg ntawm chromosomes hu ua "telomere". Qhov no ua rau nws tsis yooj yim sua mus ntxiv luam. Tab sis qhov no assumption twb disproved los ntawm thwmsim rau nas. Raws li lwm version, nws yog vim lub fact tias clones noj qab haus huv yog deteriorating nrog txhua dua tiam. Tab sis nws kuj yuav tsis muaj tseeb.

rau txoj kev xaiv

Tham txog seb puas yuav ua si ib tug tib neeg los yog lwm yam nyob creatures, yuav ua tau ib txhis. Tom qab tag nrho, yuav yeej ib txwm nyob twj ywm lub warring ob tog hais tias yuav tham rau lub npe "Cloning: lub pros thiab cons." Lub rooj uas yuav tso tau saib tag nrho cov tej zaum zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov qauv no yog tsis zoo li los pab lawv rov. Txawm hais tias nws yuav muab txhua tus neeg lub cib fim rau txhais lawv taw tes ntawm view.

Empirically, nws twb pom hais tias txawm luam cov DNA tsis muab ib lub sij hawm kom tau zoo tib yam rau ib tug nyob zeej. Yog li ntawd, piv txwv li, lub cloned miv yog txawv xim tshaj nws niam - lub pub ntawm lub caj khoom. Muaj ntau xav tias qhov no technology yuav "tsa" tus tsiaj, feem ntau daring kev cia siab txawm ua si bygone neeg.

Yog li ntawd, xav txog cloning, raws li ib tug ceg ntawm me nyuam cov tshuaj, lub sij hawm no, tsis muaj ib tug tau. Tab sis ntawm no yog los tsim nws lub peev xwm nyob rau hauv lub kho teb li sai tau. Yog hais tias koj mus xwb nyob rau hauv no txoj kev, tus xov tooj ntawm tw yog sharply txo. Ua li no, peb yuav xav txog tag nrho cov nuances uas cuam tshuam ib tug txheej txheem uas hu cloning. "Rau" thiab "tawm tsam" yuav luv luv qhia raws li nram qab no. Lub ntsiab zoo xws li lub sij hawm los kho ntau loj cov kab mob, daim tawv nqaij kho, hlawv cov neeg raug, hloov hloov. Tab sis tw hais tias nws yog tsim nyog los nco ntsoov txog tus cuj pwm thiab kev koom sab ntawm qhov teeb meem, qhov tseeb hais tias cov yees no yog tsim los tua lub neej pib (lub embryos uas los ntawm tus qia hlwb yog npaum li cas).