Comedy nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem - yog ib yam ntawm cov multivariate ua yeeb yam

Collectively xa mus rau raws li cov ua yeeb yam tej hauj lwm uas yog npaj rau cov theem. Los ntawm cov narrative, lawv txawv nyob rau hauv uas lub xub ntiag ntawm lub sau tsis yog muaj thiab lawv ua nyob rau hauv kev sib tham.

Ib hom ntawv nyeem ntaub ntawv ntsiab lus

Tej kev ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab yog ib dabneeg thiab tsim hom. Nws yog hu ua tus ib hom ntawv nyeem (los ntawm Fabkis ib hom ntawv nyeem - genus, hom). Nrog kev hwm rau ntau yam hom ntawv nyeem muaj peev xwm yuav hu ua lub plaub yooj yim: ib tug lyrical thiab poetic, thiab epic thiab txaus ntshai.

• Tus thawj, raws li ib tug txoj cai, yog poetic tej hauj lwm ntawm lub thiaj li hu ua me me cov ntaub ntawv: kwv huam, elegies, sonnets, zaj nkauj, thiab lwm yam
• Poetic ib hom ntawv nyeem muaj xws li ballads thiab kwv huam, i.e. zoo zoo.
• Piav kuaj (pib thiab xaus tshiab sau ntawv) ua yam ntxwv epics.
• Drama ib hom ntawv nyeem yog sawv cev nyob rau hauv qee, ua yeeb yam thiab comedy.

Comedy nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, thiab tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, nquag tsim nyob rau hauv lub XVIII caug xyoo. Txawm li cas los, nws suav hais tias ib tug uas tsis muaj-yug piv nrog rau epic thiab qee.

Comedy raws li ib tug txawj ib hom ntawv nyeem

Cov khoom ntawm qhov kev npaj no yog ib yam ntawm cov ua yeeb yam, qhov twg ib txhia cim los yog tej yam teeb meem uas hais no nyob rau hauv ib tug funny los yog grotesque. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, nws ntawm tis, lom zem, satire yog feem ntau ib yam dab tsi yog txhaum, txawm tib neeg vice los yog ib txhia dab tuag sab ntawm lub neej.

Comedy nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem - yog txwv mus rau qee, qhov chaw uas yuav yeej ua ib tug insoluble teeb meem. Thiab nws noble thiab lofty cim yuav tsum ua ib tug fateful xaiv, tej zaum nyob rau tus nqi ntawm lub neej. Lub comedy yog qhov opposite: nws tus cwj pwm yog ironic thiab funny, thiab qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv uas nws pom nws tus kheej, yog tsis muaj tsawg absurd. Qhov no txawv sawv nyob rau hauv antiquity.

Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm classicism, nws tau raug fwm. Heroes xwm li nyob rau hauv lub ncaj ncees hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov vaj ntxwv thiab commoners. Cuaj kaum, lub hom phiaj - los muab kev kawm, deriding drawbacks - teem nws tus kheej lub comedy nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem. txhais nws lub ntsiab nta tau muab los ntawm Aristotle. Nws proceeded los ntawm lub fact tias cov neeg uas yog phem los yog zoo, txawv los ntawm txhua lwm yam, los yog lwm los yog kev tsim txiaj, vim hais tias qhov phem tshaj muaj portray nyob rau hauv ib tug comedy. Thiab cov xwm txheej no yog npaj los qhia cov neeg uas yog cov zoo dua tshaj uas twb muaj lawm nyob rau hauv lub neej tiag tiag.

Hom comedies nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem

Muaj lus zoo siab ua txoj ib hom ntawv nyeem, nyob rau hauv lem, muaj ob peb hom. Comedy nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem - nws kuj yog ib tug farce, thiab ib tug farce. Thiab qhov xwm ntawm tus duab nws kuj tau muab faib mus rau hauv ob peb hom: ib tug sitcom thiab comedy ntawm tus cwj pwm zoo.

Farce, raws li qhov no zoo ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem tus ua txoj daim ntawv no, yog ib qho yooj yim-theem txiav txim, muaj ib qho kev nthuav intrigue. Nws yog ib qhov chaw zoo allotted mus hu nkauj couplets thiab seev cev.

Fars kuj ris ib lub teeb, playful xwm. Nws txav yog los ntawm lwm phau ntawv dab neeg los, feem ntau nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm cov ntxhib saj.

Sitcom distinguishes nws siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej ntawm cov phau ntawv dab neeg, ntawm cov teebmeem uas yog ib qhov chaw ntawm tis ruam tag los yog tsis meej xwm tej yam. Cov feem ntau cov tawm cov piv txwv ntawm xws tej hauj lwm yog "Lub Comedy ntawm raug" los ntawm Shakespeare thiab "sib yuav ntawm Figaro" los ntawm Beaumarchais.

Txaus ntshai tej hauj lwm, uas yog ib qhov chaw ntawm kev lom zem funny morals, los yog ib txhia exaggerated sijhawm ntawm cov cim, flaws, tsis xws luag yuav ntaus nqi rau lub comedy ntawm tus cwj pwm zoo. Classic piv txwv ntawm xws plays - "Tartuffe" los ntawm Jean-Baptiste Moliere lub "Lub Taming ntawm lub Shrew" los ntawm William Shakespeare.

Piv txwv nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem comedy

Qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem yog xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus qhia Belles Lettres los ntawm antiquity rau niaj hnub. Ib tug tshwj xeeb txoj kev loj hlob yog Lavxias teb sab comedy. Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem nws classical hauj lwm los ntawm DI Fonvizin ( "Oaf", "Foreman"), AS Griboyedov ( "Woe los ntawm wit"), NV Gogol ( "Players", "soj ntsuam", "sib"). Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias lawv ua, tsis hais txog ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov kev lom zem thiab txawm ib tug ua txoj zajlus, IB TUG Ostrovsky thiab AP Chekhov hu ua comedies.

Lub xyoo pua xeem cim los ntawm cov classic comedy ua si uas tsim los ntawm VV Mayakovsky - "Lub Bedbug" thiab "da dej". Lawv yuav tsum tau hu ua qauv ntawm kev satire.

Heev nrov comedians nyob rau hauv 1920-1930, yog V. Shkvarkin. Nws plays "phem caij", "alien tus me nyuam" zoo siab hlo staged nyob rau hauv ntau yam theaters.

Muaj ntau comedy Soviet sau phau ntawv muaj tau cia. Yog li, raws li cov khoom Rozov yog cia "Nrhiav Kev kaj siab", hu ua "pa nrov hnub".

xaus

Heev ntau thiab comedies kev faib raws li nyob rau hauv cov zajlus typology. Peb yuav hais tias ib tug comedy nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem - yog multivariate zoo ntawm ua yeeb yam.

Piv txwv li, zaj dab neeg nram cim yuav tsum distinguished nyob rau no hom:

• domestic comedy. Raws li ib qho piv txwv - Moliere lub "Georges Dandin", "sib" NV Gogol;
• romantic (P. Calderon "nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv nws tus me nyuam," Arbuzov "Old-fashioned Comedy");
• heroic (E. Rostand "Sirano De Berzherak" los ntawm G. Gorin "Txog");
• fabulously leb, uas yog cov "Twelfth Hmo ntuj" los ntawm William Shakespeare, los yog "duab ntxoov ntxoo" los ntawm E. Schwartz.

Txhua lub sij hawm, cov xim twb kos rau comedy lub neej txhua hnub, nws muaj ib co tsis zoo ces. Yuav kom nrog lawv twb hu ua tis, nyob ntawm seb qhov teeb meem no lom zem heev thiab tsis hlub leejtwg li.