Composer Rimsky-Korsakov: daim ntawv teev cov hauj lwm. Rimsky-Korsakov, Nikolai Andreyevich: ua yeeb yam, symphonic tej hauj lwm, romances

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844-1908) - tus poj Lavxias teb sab composer, ib tug tub rog hiav txwv tub ceev xwm, ib tug xib fwb, ib tug active mej zeej ntawm lub "Mighty puv tes", uas yog tus mastermind qab V. V. Stasov. Ntsiab cai uas yuav tsum composers, uas tau coj ib tug qauv ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus dab neeg, Rimsky-Korsakov tom qab kis nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev qhia chav kawm hauv lub St. Petersburg Conservatory.

Ib tug txheej txheem cej luam ntawm creativity

Nikolai Andreyevich sau tias, nws ntseeg nws tus kheej heev. Thiab xwb, nws yog kaum tsib yeeb yam, peb symphonies thiab lwm yam symphonic daim ntawv (suites, cantatas, concerts, Capriccio, overtures), suab compositions. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv txoj kev, rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm nws tej hauj lwm. Rimsky-Korsakov nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej ntawm nws lub neej nrog kev tu siab hais tias nws yuav ua tau ib tug kev txaj muag hais tias nws yog tsis nco qab lawm. Tab sis tsis muaj, nws tej hauj lwm yog hlub thiab demanded cov neeg tuaj saib.

Childhood thiab tiav hluas

Nikolai Andreyevich yug nyob rau hauv ib tug noble tsev neeg nyob rau hauv lub ntsig txog lub xeev lub zos ntawm Tikhvin. Nws tus tij laug (hnub nyoog sib txawv yog loj loj - 22 xyoo) yog ib tug tub rog hiav txwv tub ceev xwm, thiab ib tug me ntsis Kolya ua npau suav txog hiav txwv mus txawv tebchaws, raws li ntev raws li rau xyoo tau txais kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv tsev. Nws ua si ib me ntsis piano thiab txawm muaj li, tab sis nws beckoning hiav txwv. Leej Txiv khaws cia hais tias kev npau suav thiab nyob rau hauv 12 lub xyoos tau muab Leej Tub rau hauv lub Naval Cadet Corps nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Ntawm no nws tau ntsib nrog tus Italian thiab German opera, thiab nws los ua irresistibly attracted rau suab paj nruag. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 15 xyoos, nws los ua tiag kawm piano. Nws tus xib fwb qhia ib tug gifted tub hluas nrog cov neeg ntawm lub "Mighty puv tes" mug nyob rau hauv 1859.

Tus thawj tej hauj lwm

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm Balakirev, Nikolay Aleksandrovich pib mus ua hauj lwm rau tus thawj Symphony, uas yuav qhib ib daim ntawv teev ntawm nws tej hauj lwm. Rimsky-Korsakov pib nws sau ntawv tiag nyob rau hauv 1861-1862 xyoo. Nws sau tau thawj lub qhov, Scherzo thiab Finale. Nws orchestrated phem heev, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag qhia twb muaj. Rimsky-Korsakov kawm tiav los ntawm lub Marine Corps thiab mus rau lub hiav txwv. Nws twb tseem ua rau sau andante, tab sis qeeb tus ua hauj lwm, tsis tu ncua kev ua tau zoo pab rau lub clipper "Almaz" rau peb lub xyoos. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo nws tau pom ib nrab lub ntiaj teb no, thiab marine kev yuav tom qab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub orchestral tej hauj lwm. Thaum Nikolay Aleksandrovich tuaj rov qab rau hauv 1865, nws tau ua kom tiav hauj lwm rau nws hau kev, txhob txwm Lavxias teb sab nyob rau hauv ntsuj plig, uas muaj cov ntxhais ntawm pej xeem cov nkauj. andante yog tshwj xeeb yog tseem ceeb nrog rau cov song "Tatar yog tag nrho." Nws thawj version twb ua nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj ntawm Miliya Aleksandrovicha Balakireva. Nyob rau hauv 1884 nws rov qab mus ua hauj lwm rau nws Rimsky-Korsakov. Symphony 1 tau rov orchestrated. Nyob rau hauv no daim ntawv hloov nws ua nyob rau hauv peb hnub.

Tshiab xim composer

National xim nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag, uas yog hlub los ntawm tag nrho cov mej zeej ntawm lub "Mighty puv tes", thaws rov los nyob rau hauv tsim nyob rau hauv 1866 "Overture rau Peb Lavxias teb sab ntxhais" nyob rau hauv 1867 - nyob rau hauv lub "Serbian fantasy" thiab nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruas daim duab "Sadko". Qhov no daim duab - theem nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm cov tub ntxhais composer. Ntawm no nws pom dab tsi yuav tom qab yuav hu ua "ntau ntawm Rimsky-Korsakov tus", uas txig qhia lub orchestral xim ntawm lub hiav txwv thiab lub caij ntawm lub zoo heev underwater ntiaj teb no. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm "Sadko" tom qab yuav tsum tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub opera.

Attraction rau fairy taleas

Tale txuas ntxiv nyob rau hauv lub symphonic suite "Antar", nyob rau hauv uas lub complexity ntawm suab paj nruag thiab atherosclerosis ntawm triplets tau siv. Qhov no ua rau txoj kev sau sab hnub tuaj lub suab. Composer ob zaug rov qab mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj fairy taleas, tseem tsis tau tiav cov yam tshwm sim.

sib yuav

Nyob rau hauv nees nkaum plaub lub xyoos 1871-1872 Nikolay Aleksandrovich yog ua hauj lwm rau nws tus thawj opera "Lub tub txib ntawm Pskov", uas muaj peb ua thiab rau paintings. Nyob rau hauv no ua hauj lwm, nws yuav pab ib tug ntau ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas nkauj Nadezhda Nikolaevna Purgold, ib tug uas pianist thiab aspiring composer. Nws los txog rau inevitable. Cov tub ntxhais hluas sib hlub. Qhov no zoo nkaus li yuav nqa lawv los ntawm lub neej, cementing nws 1872 tshoob. 1873 twb cim los ntawm cov staging ntawm cov ua yeeb yam "The tub txib ntawm Pskov" nyob rau hauv lub Mariinsky Theatre nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm E. Nápravník thiab cov me nyuam yug ntawm nws tus tub Michael.

Lub transformation ntawm cov thawj opera

Tab sis nws tsis yog tus kawg version ntawm lub keeb kwm ua yeeb yam, uas twb sau los ntawm Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. "Lub tub txib ntawm Pskov" muaj peb cov qhab nia. Ua hauj lwm rau nws ntawd kub ntev li rau txog nees nkaum-tsib xyoo. Chiv, tag nrho cov mej zeej ntawm lub "Mighty puv tes" muaj ib tug tej yam nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais sau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Mussorgsky, uas tau sau nws "Godunov" nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no. Ntxhais thiab motifs stripped ntawm tsev neeg cov khoom, txhua composer yog thaws rov los nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tus tawm tsam ntawm kev zoo thiab kev phem, ob leeg tus kheej thiab pej xeem. Lub narrative nyob rau hauv lub opera khi epic. Tus sau txhob txwm tshaj tawm uas cov nplua mais ntawm Arias thiab ntaus uake, nearer to recitative. Opera tau pheej nyiag ua nyob rau hauv Russia thiab Ltalis, thiab Spain, thiab Belgium. Nyob rau hauv Paris, nws yog ib tug lossis loj kev vam meej nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Diaghilev caij.

Tag nrho cov seventies mob siab mus dhia kev kawm thiab self-kev kawm ntawv.

flowering ntawm creativity

Creative composer sawv ua rau lub fact tias cov tshiab daim ntawv teev ntawm nws tej hauj lwm. Rimsky-Korsakov tsim opera "Tej zaum Hmo ntuj" nyob rau hauv 1880, uas tau staged nyob rau Mariinsky Theatre nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj ntawm E. Nápravník. Qhov no ua hauj lwm yog sau raws li cov suggestion ntawm nws ces-nkauj nyab. Nws thiab mob siab rau nws ua hauj lwm Rimsky-Korsakov. Opera "Tej zaum Hmo ntuj" pib tus mloog lyrical, comic thiab tsev neeg thiab zoo heev scenes. Nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub folk song creativity.

Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1880, kev sib khom lus nrog IB Ostrovsky thiab tau txais kev tso cai los mus ua kom nyob rau hauv lub libretto ntawm lub opera "Daus leej" hloov, Rimsky-Korsakov pib mus ua hauj lwm. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim. Cov tag nrho qhov xwm ntawm tus qub txeeg qub tes Stelovo txhawb nws. Txawm nws lub suab ciali los kuv hnov dab ntxwg nyoog los yog lwm yam tom hav zoov monsters. Ntau mloog yog them rau Rimsky-Korsakov predominance nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawm cov suab paj nruag suab, qhov siab nyob ze rau ib tug ntau ntawm cov suab paj nruas twj paj nruag los vocals. Thiab nws tshwm sim poetic txuj ci tseem ceeb, uas tus thawj enthusiastically coj nws tus kheej Ostrovsky. Rimsky-Korsakov lub "Daus leej" yog imbued nrog freshness, simplicity thiab kev coj dawb huv ntawm pej xeem nkauj, zaj nkauj qhuas Vajtswv burgeoning caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Orchestral taw qhia rau lub prologue qhia txog ib tug caij nplooj ntoos hlav awakening ntawm xwm. Ib qho yooj yim thiab graceful ib tug ntawm cov thawj Aria ntawm lub Daus leej ( "... thiab berries mus"), lub lyrically nws allergic Arietta "Kuv twb hnov, tau hnov." Scene "Farewell rau lub Carnival" xws li muaj pej xeem hu nkauj lub suab qw tuaj lawm. Tus thawj ua pib qeeb thiab khov song Lola, ces zoo siab heev seev cev-thiab tseem lub me, tu siab Arietta leej "Nws mob no," zoo siab, impetuous zaj dabneeg Kupava "leej, kuv zoo siab." Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ua yog yeej los ntawm tus neeg pej xeem epic glorification Berendey "Txais tos rau koj, cov neeg txawj ntse." Ua siab nchuav ua lub dreamy, poetic cavatina Berendey. Qhov thib peb ua yuav qhib ib tug zoo siab seev cev ntawm "Ai, nyob rau hauv lub teb liponka". Symphony rov ntawm "Tus seev cev ntawm lub buffoons" tej nrog ci orchestral xim, exciting rhythms. Broad Privolnaya suab paj nruag ntawm peb song Lola "xob quaj huab tawm." Nyob rau hauv lub plaub ua los ntawm kev tos ib tug lyrical kev txiav txim zoo ntawm cov Daus leej. Nyob rau hauv lub melting theem heroine nws cov duab taus thiab ilv. Rimsky-Korsakov lub "Daus leej" ua tiav zoo kawg li radiant paab chorus tseem.

Virtuoso nkauj laus ncas daim

Nyob rau hauv 1887, tag nrho cov ntawm ib tug Sudden tuag AP Borodin. Nws "cov tub huabtais Igor" tsis yog ua kom tiav. Glazunov thiab Rimsky-Korsakov coj txog cov hauj lwm rau tsom ntawm phau tau txhais thiab kawm tiav ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub opera. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov lawv tau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, tab sis Nikolai Andreyevich ua hauj lwm raug ncua cia. Nws muaj ib lub tswv yim hais tias tsis tau tawm hauv nws compose ib virtuoso nkauj laus ncas fantasy rau Mev lub ntsiab. Capriccio Espagnol composer - qhov no suite, uas muaj 5 qhov chaw. Lawv yog cov, tsis muaj ib tug so, thiab pleev xim ib daim duab ntawm lub neej thiab qhov nyob rau hauv Spain, nws cov hnub caiv thiab pej xeem cov cim. Capriccio - ib daim rau orchestra nrog ib tug kev hloov ntawm suab thiab ceev faj xaiv ntawm melodic qauv. Thawj feem - "Alborada" - raws li nyob rau hauv lub Asturian melodies thiab zoo siab txais tos tus microscopic thaum sawv ntxov lub hnub. Tom qab ib tug mas, mus rau "Variations" ntawm lub thib ob yog ib feem. Lawv yog raws li nyob rau thaum yav tsaus ntuj seev cev, uas ua tiav rau hnub ntawd nyob rau hauv Asturias. Suab paj nruag muaj ib tug xibhwb ua cim, tab sis, ces pib suab powerfully, passionately, thiab maj daim. Qhov thib peb yog ib feem ntawm tus mloog rov mus rau tus thawj ntsiab - "Alborada". Tab sis lub suab yog tam sim no ntau tiag tiag li thiab muaj hwj chim. Qhov thib plaub ib feem - ib tug passionate Andalusian song-seev cev. Nws qhib raj thiab drums, thiab ces tig lub solo nkauj laus ncas, raj, Clarinet thiab harp. Tag nrho tiav siab ywj fwm neeg loj leeb dancing. Qhov kawg ib feem ntawm lub thib tsib - "fandago ntawm Asturias" - ua los ntawm tag nrho cov orchestra, tab sis nws tam sim ntawd hnov trombones. Qhov no yog ib tug kuj zoo kawg thiab ceev ceev, muaj feem xyuam rau lub hwj chim thiab yeeb koob ntawm cov seev cev. Tus sau rov qab los rau qhov kev kawm ntawm peb ib feem, thiab cov code repeats pib - nws suab ceev heev, tsausmuag Alborada.

zoo storyteller

Pib los ntawm 1895 lub composer txoj kev xav lossi tig mus rau cov xav tsis thoob thiab ua txoj ntxhais. Lawv siv, nws pib nrog ib tug charming taleas ntawm Gogol Vakula thiab capricious kev zoo nkauj Oksana. Yog li ntawd, yog "Tus Hmo ntuj Ua ntej Christmas." Opera yog xeeb raws li ib tug zoo heev taleas, nyob rau hauv uas Nikolai Andreyevich muaj ntau dua Christmas carols. Lawv txhawb lub ntsiab uas qhia qhov tseeb lub neej ntawm lub me ntsis Lavxias teb sab lub zos. Overture mus rau tus thawj ua tam sim ntawd immerses tus mloog nyob rau hauv lub Ukrainian frosty hmo ntuj. Mus ob peb vas, uas permeates plaub ua, nws txawv nyob ntawm seb cov ua cim. Kaj thiab amiable dab ntxwg nyoog Solokha picturesque hluas nraug Solokha - Chub, lub taub hau thiab Sexton. Formidable dab Patsyuk. Nyob rau hauv lub plaub ua los ntawm kev lub neej txhua hnub scenes nrog ib tug comic laus, interspersed nrog lyrical. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub kawg paab chorus tseem muaj cov haib suab "Nyob rau hauv Memory ntawm Gogol."

Novgorod epic

Thaum tiav lawm, Nikolai Andreyevich tam sim ntawd nyob rau hauv tib 1895 yog coj raws li tom ntej no ua hauj lwm. Tam sim no nws yog tag nrho raus nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm Nordic epics. Zoo heev tej khoom tsev siv epic ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg yog reflected nyob rau hauv cov nram no opera. Lub taub hau twb tsim ib tug tshiab scale, uas yuav muab rau nws ib tug zoo heev thiab txawv suab. Inspiration pib sau cov opera "Sadko". Rimsky-Korsakov tsis kam nws los ntawm kev faib mus rau hauv kev ua thiab interludes, xeeb nws xya paintings. Lub composer sim los ua ib tug epic los ntawm cov tus khiav ntawm kev txiav txim, uas yog yuav tau nco qab tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub pej xeem epic tales. Nws pib nrog ib tug majestic nkag teb chaws ntawm lub orchestra, uas muab ib daim duab ntawm lub hiav txwv-hiav txwv. Tus thawj daim duab - ib tug loj lub suab qw scenes uas xaus nrog nws clowns seev cev. Qhov thib ob scene yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau lub shores ntawm lub pas dej Ilmen, qhov twg zam txim Sadko thiab ntxhais fuabtais Volkhov. Lawv hlub duet los amid echoes round seev cev nkauj inmates underwater lub nceeg vaj. Qhov thib peb daim duab qhia tau hais tias kev txom nyem ntawm uas Lyubava. Nws recitative thiab Aria uas muaj cov sib sib zog nqus tu siab. Nyob rau hauv lub plaub scene yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub pier dav kev txiav txim. Pawg Hu Nkauj npaj cov tsos ntawm Sadko thiab Viking qhua nrog nws manly song, Indian thiab Vedenetskogo qhua. Thiab thaum kawg, Sadko hu nkauj ib sab thiab ib cig Lavxias teb sab song tias tag nrho cov khaws. Qhov thib plaub daim duab xaus nrog kev xyiv fab. Lub tsib thiab thib rau paintings depict suab paj nruas txhais tau tias lub hiav txwv-dej hiav txwv.
Sadko hu nkauj lub teeb zaj nkauj qhuas "Blue Hiav txwv menacingly lug." Nws yuav siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv ib tug harp, thiab lawv mus tag nrho nyob rau hauv ib tug exuberant seev cev. Vim hais tias ntawm no, ib tug cua daj cua dub sawv ntawm lub hiav txwv, thiab tau pib tog ships. Starchische-hero knocks harp ntawm Sadko, thiab nws ntxhais fuabtais, thiab Volkhov xa rau Novgorod. Qhov kawg daim duab no yog kheev farewell Volkhova uas yuav tsum tau tig nyob rau hauv tus dej, nrog rau cov SADC, thiab nws lub rooj sib tham nrog nws tus poj niam Lyubava. Suab ntawm xyiv fab duet. Ib tug haib chorus xaus lub opera. Tag nrho cov hu nkauj lub yeeb koob ntawm Sadko, tus dej Volkhov thiab cov xiav hiav txwv-dej hiav txwv. "Sadko" yog muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov daim ntawv teev cov feem ntau executable tej hauj lwm. Rimsky-Korsakov, Glinka txij thaum lub feem ntau siab qhia nyob rau hauv nws Lavxias teb sab pej xeem style. Thiab yog dab tsi feem ntau distinguishes no opera ntawm tag nrho series, sau Nikolaem Andreevichem - li ntawd, nws yog ib qho epic recitative.

suab tej hauj lwm

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov rau nws muaj tswv yim lub neej tau pheej tsim lub suab qw tej hauj lwm thiab zaj nkauj. Lawv sau txog yim caum. Tab sis tam sim no peb tig peb lub xim rau cov khoom chamber - sab hnub tuaj romance ( "ua qhev los ntawm lub Rose lub Nightingale"), tsim los pab rau cov lus ntawm A. Koltsov. Nws belongs rau lub composer thawj kev nyob rau hauv daim teb no. Qhov no languid elegiac ua hauj lwm. Lub suab paj nruag ntawm nws tshiab thiab dawb daim ntawv. Nws raws li tab sis yog muaj ib tug keeb ntawm improvisation. Piano ib feem los mus txiav txim cov xwm, yuav tsum tau ib tug suab expressiveness nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem ntawm lub qhia. Nyob rau hauv tom qab tej hauj lwm los ua lub hauv paus rau lub suab, uas yog yuav tsum tau whimsically piano accompaniment.

xaus

Rimsky-Korsakov tshuav ib tug loj loj txojsia. Tab sis nws tus cwj pwm yog feem ntau tag nrho qhia nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam. Lawv qhia nws ardent txoj kev hlub rau lub teb chaws sijhawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab cim, lub keeb kwm thiab lub neej ntawm cov neeg, nws poetic tswv yim thiab kev lis kev cai. Rau lub xeem lub sij hawm ntawm creativity hais txog yeeb yam lus dab neeg "dab neeg ntawm lub Invisible nroog ntawm Kitezh", uas qhia txog tus txheej xwm ntawm lub Tartar ntxeem tau, thiab satire-taleas "Lub Golden Cockerel", uas nws tau ua tus revolutionary txheej xwm ntawm 1905.

Lub composer tuag nyob rau hauv 1908 thiab raug muab faus nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg.