Conference teeb meem ntawm Kazakhstan

Peb tau mus kiag rau hauv lub tshiab Millennium thiab, nrog hindsight, peb yuav hais tau tias kev vam meej tau ua ib tug loj loj kauj ruam nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Txawm li cas los, nrog rau tus loj tshaj achievements ntawm tib neeg kev nyuaj siab nrog ntiaj teb no tej teeb meem, uas tau kev lom zem ntau vim lub active kev loj hlob ntawm heavy kev lag luam, thiab lwm yam

Ib tug ntawm cov teb chaws uas tau xav txog lub dampening nyhuv undermined cov ib puag ncig, yuav pom tau tias raws li Kazakhstan, uas muaj nyob deb ntawm lam tau lam ua tej yam ntuj tso ib puag ncig. Lub ib ncig ntawm no koom pheej yog feem ntau nyob los ntawm cov steppes, deserts thiab semi-deserts. Muaj nyob rau hauv dej seas Kazakhstan: Aral, Caspian, Balkhash, Alakol, Zaisan.

Kazakhstan lub ecology yog nyob rau hauv ib tug catastrophic teeb meem thiab yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau rhiab ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Anthropogenic load uas yog muaj no koom pheej, noj tam sim ntawd tag nrho cov hwj chim ntawm qhov thiab ua txhaum lub ntuj muaj peev xwm ntawm cov ib puag ncig tsim dua tshiab nws tus kheej.

Nws kim heev kev loj hlob ntawm ua liaj ua teb ua rau tsaws degradation thiab impoverishment ntawm ua hauj lwm. Caum ib xees ntawm tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Kazakhstan loj opustnynivayutsya hais tias, nyob rau hauv lem, thiaj li av fertility thiab thiaj li tsim tau ntawm cov qoob loo thiab tsiaj txhu.

Unsustainable siv natural resources thiab cov kev loj hlob ntawm irrigated ua liaj ua teb tau coj mus rau ib tug muaj tsis txaus ntawm cov dej nyob rau hauv lub basins ntawm me me thiab cov loj loj ntws nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm Kazakhstan: Los yog, Syrdarya thiab lwm tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv lub kaum xyoo yuav luag halved nyob rau hauv lub Aral Hiav txwv cheeb tsam. Lake Balkhash tos tib txoj hmoo, tshwj tsis yog tias ceev txiav txim yog tsis npaum li cas.

Kazakhstan occupies qhov chaw kawg nyob rau hauv lub CIS rau muab huv si, dej tshiab rau cov neeg nyob ntawm lub koom pheej. Qhov ntawd yog nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm nws sorely tsis.

Conference teeb meem ntawm Kazakhstan yog compounded los ntawm lub fact tias lub saum npoo ntawm lub cev ntawm cov dej nro. Lawv ces muab pov tseg txog ob puas lab cubic meters ntawm qias neeg wastewater. Muaj txog peb txhiab foci contaminating underground dej, uas yog lub cheeb tsam ntawm ob peb puas square kilometers.

Environmental teeb meem xws li huab cua muaj kuab paug, mas vim lub fact tias ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm Enterprises, factories ntawm cov koom pheej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ua thiab lub zog profiles yog outdated thiab imperfect tu thiab pom technology. Qhov no yuav tsub kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm tej emissions.

Conference teeb meem ntawm Kazakhstan lub feem ntau kom meej meej manifested raws nraim qhov twg muaj coob tus neeg nyob. Nws yog pom tias nyob rau hauv Karaganda thiab Pavlodar cheeb tsam ib capita nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov - nrab-nineties muaj 10.5 tons ntawm tshuaj lom emissions. Txhua txhua xyoo, rau lab ntawm cov pa phem nkag mus rau hauv huab cua, ib nrab ntawm cov uas "muaj ib tug" ua ke thaum tshav kub kub thiab lub hwj chim. Raws li tej pov tseg generated los ntawm zus tau tej cov ferrous thiab uas tsis yog-ferrous metallurgy, tshuaj thiab petrochemical industries.

Conference teeb meem ntawm Kazakhstan tau txheeb mus rau lub Caspian Hiav txwv thiab Aktau. Giant factories ntawm kev uas tsuas thiab metallurgical kev lag luam ntawm lub Caspian tuam txhab dumped tej dej mus rau hauv lub phiab, uas yog nyob ze ntawm lub nroog ntawm Aktau. Nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw ntawm tus txiv neej-ua pas dej twb tsim Koshkar-Ata, uas muaj tag nrho cov periodic rooj ntawm tshuaj lom thiab tej tebchaw. Hav dej Koshkar-Ata thiab cov Caspian Hiav txwv cais ib tug me me nqaum sawb ntev txog yim kilometers, thiaj li muaj ib tug tau ntawm kis ntawm cov Caspian Hiav txwv txiv neej-ua pas dej. Qhov no reservoir yog txaus ntshai los ntawm cov fact tias nws tsis tseg dries thiab cov nroj tsuag tshem emissions. Plua plav yog generated los ntawm tshuaj lom tebchaw.

Mining complex undermine cov ib puag ncig qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv Kazakhstan. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov kev ua ub nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws muaj txog nees nkaum billion tonnes ntawm pov tseg thiab 230 tonnes ntawm tej co. Feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj lom pov tseg yog muab tso rau hauv unsuitable rau lawv cia qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv lub lig nineties - thaum pib ntawm lub nees nkaum-thawj ib puas xyoo ntawm kev kawm ntawv tau ntau zog los ntawm 92 mus 150 lab. Lawv cov concentrated nyob rau hauv Karaganda, East Kazakhstan, Pavlodar thiab Kostanai cheeb tsam.

Tu siab, nws yog cov ib puag ncig cov teeb meem ntawm Kazakhstan yog lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau lub teb chaws tus pej xeem yog thaum muaj kev kub uas yuav muaj mob cancer.