Cossack tub rog-thoj chaw - tias yog dab tsi tus nplawm

Nyob rau ib tug tib neeg lo lus nug - dab tsi yog qhov nplawm, muaj yog ib tug ncaj cov lus teb - nws yog ib tug qhia txog kev ua, lub ntsiab lus hauv cov nyhuv ntawm kev siv dag zog yuam: txiav tshuab, tsoo, chop. Li no derivative - ib tug tshem, txoj kev txiav los ntawm nrog ib tug taus - uas nyob rau hauv ancient tsis nyuaj li "Sich".

Cov tshwm sim ntawm ib yam ntawm cov Cossack hais sib haum npe

Nws yog pom tseeb tias lo lus "flog" txhais tau tias cov kev phais precision ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm - mus txiav, tsis txhob. Uas yog hais tias, yuav ua li cas txhua yam ua tau meej thiab sai sai. Tej zaum, qhov no feature tau muab ib tug tshiab dimension mus rau lo lus - mus ntes nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub txiav txim tsis tau txhais hais tias mus ua ib tug nqis siab tshaj cov. Nws txhais tau tias - ib tug neeg zapelengovat, daim ntawv ceeb toom.

Muab lus los ntawm no qhia txog kev ua yog tus noun "nplawm", cim tias seb thaum lub Cossack camp. Cossacks tswm nyob rau hauv cov Islands tuaj ntawm lub Dnieper txaus tsim tom qab lub ceeb toom tau feem ntau cov neeg dim. Lawv tsev, haus luam yeeb, tau ua raws li impregnable quab yuam. Nws muab kev tiv thaiv los ntawm ntse palisades (nplawm) nyob rau ib sab kawg. Obviously, lub tswv yim mus siv lo lus "nplawm" rau lub npe ntawm Cossack settlements yug ces, tab sis nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm nrog lawv tau siv thiab lwm yam designations chaw nres tsheb - Gorodets, Palanca thiab Kosh. Cov thawj lo lus yog txhais los ntawm lub Turkish lus raws li ib tug fort los yog redoubt, lub thib ob yog hais txog mus rau lub sib haum ntawm Cossacks, muaj raws ntawm 38 kev haus luam yeeb thiab coj los ntawm Ataman-kosh. Palanca tom qab cas tsis ntes tau nyob rau hauv, tej zaum vim hais tias lub npe yog tseem lub Turkish, hais tias cov Cossacks tsis nyiam. Kosh meant ib tug me me hais sib haum.

Administration kev sib hais haum ntaus ntawv

Fortified Cossack capital, qhov chaw, uas attracts tag nrho ataman - tias yog dab tsi tus nplawm. Raws li lub sij hawm mus rau, thiab muaj zog cov ntsiab lus muab rau hauv ib tug fortress nyob rau hauv lub database rau kev cuam tshuam cov Tatar invasions, ua tub rog thiab kev units uas ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm fortification kos duab. Qhov chaw muaj chaw seem rau gatherings Cossack, ces haus luam yeeb (Cov Thawj Tswj chav tsev ntawm ob peb cov tsev neeg nrog rau lawv cov chieftain), warehouses thiab arsenals, bakeries thiab tsev muag khoom noj khw, phom khw thiab twv yuav raug hu lub tsev teev ntuj. Tag nrho portages ramparts thiab ib tug moat thiab ib tug siab earthen phab ntsa. Tus thawj mention ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias xws li ib tug nplawm, raug xa mus rau raws li 1530.

Muab Zaporozhye Sech

Nyob rau hauv pawg neeg thaj av ntawm lub Dnieper thiab yav qab teb kab, nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm tam sim no Dnepropetrovsk, kom lawv muaj lub thawj hais sib haum ntawm Cossacks. Cov tsim ntawm thawj loj kev sib hais haum uas txuam nrog rau lub npe ntawm Dmitry Vishnevetzkogo, ua rau lub offensive rau Krymskoe Hanstvo fortified. Rau cov kob ntawm me Khortytsya ua tau tus thawj ntoo tsev fuabtais-av, uas, ua ke nrog rau cov uas nyob ib sab teb chaws los ua lub npe hu ua Khortytsia nplawm, los ua qhov chaw ntawm lub Cossack lub xeev. Cov peev ntawm nws ncua ob peb lub sij hawm, thiab peb paub ib co ntawm nws npe tau hloov, thiab cov cheeb tsam nyob ntawm nws. By lub sij hawm kawg Sich Cossack av ze nyob rau hauv loj rau cov kawm Askiv, nyob rau hauv cov Islands tuaj. Qhov no yog ib tug haib socio-thoj chaw hu ua lub Zaporizhzhya Sich, lub cwj pwm zoo thiab kev lis kev cai uas yog tag nrho raws li cov tub rog thiab cov thawj tswj chav tsev ntawm lub Republican Cossack lub xeev. Lub hwj chim yog ib hoob kev tuamyeem.

Romance Zaporozhye Sech

Flog nws tus kheej, nws cwj pwm tsis zoo thiab kev lis kev cai tau piav nyob rau hauv kom meej N.Gogol zaj dab neeg "Taras Bulba". Nrog hwv qauv thiab nws cov tub Andrew Ostap nkag mus rau tus thawj feeb ntawm cov sij hawm tuaj. Kev Cai thiab cov kev lis kev cai muaj ob peb tug, tab sis lawv twb tawv. Tej zaum tsuas yog txoj kev yog kev kawm ntawv thiab yuav ciaj sia nyob rau tej yam kev mob ntawm qhov cov tub rog confrontation. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog txoj cai muaj feem xyuam rau cov killers. Nws muab tso rau hauv lub dug ntxa thiab nws txo qis nws lub hleb ntawm ib tug raug tsim txom, ces ob leeg faus. Nrog tub sab kuj tsis yog tshwj xeeb ceremony. Lawv chained mus rau ib tug ncej, tom ntej no sab laug stick rau leej twg los xav ntaus. Heev feem ntau lawv yog nrua ntaus kom tuag. Chained tshuav luag nqi yog tsis noj, tsis noj kom txog rau thaum kev txhiv dim. Nws twb ntseeg tau tias forged li tiag tiag xwm ntawm ib tug Cossack. Tub rog kev ua siab loj, lub siab tshaj plaws tswvyim ntawm kev phooj ywg thiab kev pab cuam mus rau lub Fatherland, ntawv los txi lawv lub neej rau txoj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub centuries lub yeeb koob ntawm lub Zaporozhye Cossacks. Tub rog kwv ua tij thiab sib nrig sib pab muaj nuj nqis saum toj no tag nrho lwm yam. Lawv zoo siab txim yog reflected nyob rau hauv cov duab Repin "Lub Cossacks." Cov lus nug - dab tsi lub nplawm yuav tsum tau teb thiab hais tias nws yog ib tug tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub siab tawv rau cov Cossacks.