Cov Khoom Muag Khoom. Cov cwj pwm, cov cim, cov khoom siv thiab kev siv babbit

Tsab ntawv xov xwm no tau muab siab rau lub fusion uas tsim los ntawm cov koob yees duab - nws yog hais txog cov neeg Yixayees Yaxauj Babbit. Nws yog Babbitt, uas coj tus neeg tsim khoom hauv xyoo 1841 ib qho txiaj ntsim ntawm $ 20,000 los ntawm lub Tebchaws Asmeskas Kev Koom Tes, nws yog ib qho kev hloov ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm - cov koob yees duab pib ua kev sib txig hauv kev sib txuam. Babbitt twb yog xyoo 1844 hauv tebchaws Britain, thiab nyob rau xyoo 1847 - nyob hauv tebchaws Asmeskas teb. Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov kev xav ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb hauv Tebchaws Meskas tam sim no, qhov twg nws yog siv, ntau npaum li cas nws cov nqi thiab dab tsi nta nws muaj, koj yuav pom tom qab.

Babbitt - qhov no yog dabtsi?

Nyob hauv txoj kev hwm ntawm I. Babbitt tau lub npe hu ua 3 hlau, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov kabmob - cov kab npoo ci ntim rau hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hlau ncej puab, uas ua rau kev sib txhuam hauv kev hloov. Lub tswv yim ntawm American tus kws tshawb fawb ua rau nws ua kom txo tau kev hnav ris tsho.

Nyob rau hauv lub babbitt muaj pes tsawg leeg, tin, antimony, hlau thiab tooj liab yog nthuav tawm nyob rau hauv ntau proportions. Vim hais tias cov hlau npog muaj ob qho muag thiab cov ntsiab lus, nws yog qhov txawv ntawm nws txoj kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob, hnav ua haujlwm. Bearings tau ntawm nws haum tightly mus rau shafts, lawv yog siv rau ib lub sij hawm ntev.

Qhov ntev ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm babbitt bearings nyob ntawm lub thickness ntawm alloy nrum ntawm lub steel liner. Lub thinner nws yog, ntev nws yuav siv tau.

Cov Khoom Muag Khoom

Peb sau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau:

• anti-kev sib txhuam cov khoom siv - tsis kam frictions (reciprocating taw zoo li "no thiab muaj");
• Kuj ua kom muaj corrosion;
• Tsis muaj zog (HB 13-32);
• Durability;
• Kev kub thermal conductivity;
• Unrefined melting point - 240-340 degrees Celsius;
• Txo qhov muag ntawm cov hlau ntawm 100 degrees Celsius (HB 9-24);
• Ua kom muaj zog.

Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm Babbit

Xav txog cov khoom ntawm babbitt, cia peb mus kov nws cov tswv yim tseem ceeb thiab cov minuses. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau yuav raug ntaus nqi mus rau nws txoj kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kev ua hauj lwm zoo heev rau lub tshuab. Cov hlau alloy qhov kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm cov kabmob thiab nws txoj kev ua haujlwm hnyav - thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm hauv lub npoo kabmob microtubules raug tsim ua, los ntawm kev siv lub roj nplaum ntws nkag.

Ib qho, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kabmob yog qhov lawv tsis muaj zog nrog rau lwm cov phom. Vim li no, cov txheej txheem no tsuas yog siv rau txoj hlua hlau, hlau los yog tooj hlau xwb.

Ntau yam thiab hom ntawm alloy

Hom-hom ntawm babbits yog sawv cev los ntawm peb hom - nyob ntawm lub hauv paus hlau:

1. Calcium. Txawm tias nws lub hauv paus yog cov hlau lead, cov hlau tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm ib qho ntawm cov khoom - nws muaj pes tsawg leeg kuj muaj calcium thiab sodium. Cov ntsiab lus txawv no thwj thij los ntawm cov nqi pheej yig tshaj plaws, muab nws ntxiv thermal conductivity thiab ceev. Tab sis qhov no alloy yog sai oxidized, uas tsis ntxiv rau nws durability. Yog li, feem ntau, calcium babbit yog siv hauv thav ntawv ntawm lub tsheb, ob lub tsheb thiab cov neeg tsav tsheb - lawv muaj feem ntau tshawb xyuas thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, hloov sai.
2. Tin. Lub hauv paus ntawm tus kabmob no yog tin, uas muaj lub siab coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam, kev hnav ris tsho hnyav thiab kev ua haujlwm, ua kom muaj zog tsis muaj zog. Qhov no yog ua ob zaug li muaj zog raws li nws cov "cov neeg sib tw." Yog li no, cov hom tshuaj babbita no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj rau cov bearings, uas yog tus nqi nyiaj ntau tshaj thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Lawv cheeb tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov yog ntau yam qes qes hluav taws xob. Ntxiv nrog rau tin, this alloy muaj xws li cadmium thiab npib tsib xee, los yog antimony thiab tooj liab. Lub disadvantage ntawm tin babbit tsuas yog nws siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov kev sib txeeb khoom noj.
3. Lead. Mos Cheeb Tsam no yog cov hlau lead thiab cov tshuaj tua kabmob - 87% thiab 13% feem ntau ntawm cov ntu no. Cov khoom ntawm cov hlau alloy yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm crystalline (5% ntawm tag nrho cov ntim). Cov kabmob no tsis yog qhov txawv ntawm nws lub cev, uas yog vim li cas nws yog siv los tsim cov kabmob tsis muaj menyuam yaus. Txawm li ntawd los, nws yog zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv hais tias nws zoo siab tolerates high-kub cua sov ntawm lub keeb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb teev hais tias cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv tau ua rau neeg tawg taus ntau dua lwm tus. Lawv txoj kev yog diesel tshuab ntawm tsheb laij teb thiab tsheb.

Cov nyiaj ntawm txhuas tus kabmob - B16 (lead - lub ntsiab lub ntsiab), BS6, BN (lead, tin, npib, tooj liab, arsenic, cadmium, antimony). Lawv, zoo li tin, yog ua raws li GOST 1320-74. Calcium phom qoob loo raws li GOST 1209-90; Lawv ntau yam yog BK2, BKA, BK2C, BK2Sh. Nyiaj muas ntawm tin babbit - B83, B83C (ib qho ntxiv me me ntawm txhuas), B88. Muaj ntau hom B83, piv txwv, yog 80% ntawm tin component, 12% antimony, 6% tooj thiab, qhov nruab nrab, 0.1% ntawm bismuth, lead, hlau, arsenic, txhuas. Ib qho B6 yog 88% hlau, 0.3% tooj liab, 0.1% hlau, ib feem me me ntawm zinc thiab arsenic.

Production ntawm alloy

Cov khoom ntawm babbitt yog ncaj qha rau nws cov neeg. Rau nws cov khoom, nws tsuas yog tsim nyog los extract nws lub ntsiab (los yog ua rau recyclables), vim hais tias nws tus kheej yog ib tug tag nrho txiv neej-ua alloy. Lub tiav lawm daim ntawv ntawm babbit yog bullion, npua weighing tsis ntau tshaj 22 kg. Rau lawv casting, cov khoom yog kom zoo zoo npaj - ntxuav, degreased. Thaum melting los ntawm qhov saum npoo ntawm loj tshem tawm sprudinu - refractory ua npuas ncauj.

Kev tsim cov babbitt xaus nrog ingot casting. Txhua tus lawv tau luam tawm lub tuam txhab kev lag luam, cov npe thiab cov xov tooj ntawm cov melting. Cov neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag, kev paub khov kho hauv kev tuav pov hwm, cov npoo npua ua tiav rau cov pob babbitt briquettes thiab poured yaj rau hauv plhaub kabmob.

Melting babbitt

Yuav tsim cov txaij nuav siv ua thawj hlau - qub ore, hab theem nraab - txhim khu ntawm cov xim hlau. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov ntawv teev npe yav dhau los, cov tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj pleev plob, arsenic, sodium, tellurium ntxiv rau babbitts.

Babbitas B16, BN, B88 thiab lwm tus neeg raug muab pov rau hauv cov kauj ruam (npua), uas yog qhov txawv los ntawm ib pawg hnyav. Nws tseem ceeb heev uas lub pob zeb ntawm lub ingot tsis pom qhov tsawg tshaj plaws contamination - txawm xws li ib yam yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm qhov kev coj.

Mark babbita kuj cuam tshuam lub melting ntsuas kub ntawm lub alloy. Yog li, feem ntau nrov npab B83 melts ntawm qhov kub ntawm +240 degrees Celsius, thiab Tin B83 - ntawm tus nqi ntawm + 340-440 degrees rau tib lub nplai.

Kev tshwj xeeb ntawm daim ntawv thov babbitt

Rau txhua hom ntawm qhov chaw, koj xav tau koj tus kheej lub hom Babbelt alloy:

• Txuas pas nrig bearings (kev sib koom piston thiab crankshaft) - kos BM. Siv cov tsheb laij teb. Lawv yuav tsum tau hloov rau cov tshiab txhua txhua txhiab mais.
• Main kabmob - siv babbitt B88 yeej tsim kev kub ceev, siab dynamic loads. Yog li no, lub npe no yog siv rau kev ua haujlwm nruab nrab-ceev thiab high-speed diesel xyaw.
• Bearings rau marine dej pipelines, compressor - ib hom ntawm BN, zoo tagnrho rau nruab nrab loads thiab speeds.
• Heavy machinery - zog babbitt B16 qib yog tagnrho.

Tus nqi ntawm Babbitt

Wb xav txog tus nqi ntawm cov kev phom sij ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Tus nqi ncaj qha nyob ntawm cov khoom ntawm Babbitt, los ntawm nws hom. Yog li, tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm cov hmoov txhuas liab B16 yog li 350 txhiab rub / tuj. Tus nqi ntawm B83 hlau yog txog 1.3 lab raus ib ton.

Yog tias peb xav txog kev ua lag luam, tom qab 1 kg ntawm babbitt scrap tuaj yeem kho tau tus nqi siab tshaj 500-600 roog ib kilogram. Yeej, cov tshuaj txhuam hniav no yog txhawm rau lawv cov khoom siv tom qab, vim tias tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv tsis tseem ceeb yuav ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig, vim cadmium, lead, antimony nyob rau hauv qhov kev nkag siab ntawm lo lus poisons rau cov xwm txheej nyob ib puag ncig.

Kev sib tw ntawm cov npauj npaim yog deb ntawm kev ua ib lub ntuj tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, niaj hnub nim no lawv tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv mechanics, namely, nyob rau hauv cov khoom ntawm bearings. Qhov no yog vim yog qhov tseeb tias nws yog cov kabmob uas ua haujlwm ruaj ruaj, hnav-resistant, sai thiab nruj nreem rubbed tiv thaiv ib sab, muab cov tsis muaj kev sib txhuam thiab, vim lawv cov thermal conductivity, tsis txhob overheating ntawm lub cav. Tsis tas li ntawd, tuam ntxhab muaj kev sib tw ntawm ntau hom babbits, txhua tus uas sib sau mus rau ntau yam ntawm kev coj tus kheej thiab tag nrho lub cav ntawm lub tshuab.